模拟生产搭建Standby RAC实验环境(11.2.0.4 DG)
模拟生产搭建Standby RAC实验环境(11.2.0.4 DG)css
环境：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle 11.2.0.4 GI、DBhtml
1.需求背景介绍
目前，我有一套正常运行的Oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC实验环境。这是一套VirtualBox的虚拟化环境，整套环境均放在个人台式机服务器的D盘（SSD固态盘）。也就是说，这套RAC环境的系统磁盘和共享磁盘均在本地D盘。java
目前出于容灾的考虑，计划在个人NAS环境中构造一套DG灾备环境，这里规划也是一个2节点的Standby RAC.
也就是说，灾备环境的这套RAC，系统磁盘和共享磁盘都在NAS环境中，我这里的NAS映射到台式机的Z盘。node
整个模拟灾备的实验中，作到了硬件级别的分离，这也就更加真实的模拟了生产中的灾备环境。sql
如今咱们来看下现有环境的基本信息：
Primary RAC主要信息以下：数据库
#public ip 192.168.1.50 jyrac1 192.168.1.52 jyrac2 #virtual ip 192.168.1.51 jyrac1-vip 192.168.1.53 jyrac2-vip #scan ip 192.168.1.60 jyrac-scan #private ip 10.10.10.50 jyrac1-priv 10.10.10.52 jyrac2-priv
Primary RAC集群各资源以下：服务器
[grid@jyrac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA1.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.FRA1.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.OCR1.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE jyrac1
OFFLINE OFFLINE jyrac2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.registry.acfs
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ora.jyrac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ora.jyrac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.jyzhao.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1 Open
2 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2 Open
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
2.准备工做
目前须要在NAS环境中进行灾备环境RAC的集群软件GI安装配置和RAC数据库软件的安装。
关于安装部分这里不在赘述，若是有问题能够参考官档或者我以前总结的Oracle 11g RAC的安装部署相关章节。session
最终这套Oracle 11.2.0.4 Standby RAC实验环境，主要信息以下：oracle
#public ip 192.168.1.61 jystdrac1 192.168.1.63 jystdrac2 #virtual ip 192.168.1.62 jystdrac1-vip 192.168.1.64 jystdrac2-vip #scan ip 192.168.1.65 jystdrac-scan #private ip 10.10.10.61 jystdrac1-priv 10.10.10.63 jystdrac2-priv
Standby RAC集群各资源以下：app
[grid@jystdrac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.FRA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE jystdrac1
OFFLINE OFFLINE jystdrac2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.registry.acfs
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.jystdrac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.jystdrac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
能够看到，Standby RAC集群各资源除了还未创建的数据库和实例资源，其余一切正常，至此，准备工做结束。
3.主库配置
以前在《Oracle 11g DG配置简明版》文章中，已经简明介绍过单实例11g DG的搭建过程。
这里是RAC环境，其实基本思路同样的，但我这里实验更真实模拟生产实施标准，细化描述下整个过程。
主库配置操做主要有：
- 数据库归档模式
- Force Logging
- 主库参数文件修改
- 建立SRLs
- 备份数据库
- 建立备库参数文件
- 更新tnsnames.ora文件
3.1 数据库归档模式
我这里主库的RAC环境已是归档模式。
若是不是，这样修改：
srvctl stop database -d jyzhao sqlplus / as sysdba startup mount alter database archivelog; alter database open; srvctl start database -d jyzhao
3.2 Force Logging
这个步骤对于DG来讲很是重要，且须要确认是在Force Logging以后备份数据库，防止使用以前的备份出现缺失nologging操做的部分，形成数据库的数据不一致。
alter database force logging; select FORCE_LOGGING FROM V$DATABASE;
3.3 主库参数文件修改
使用下面语句查询如今DG相关参数的设置状况：
set linesize 500
col value for a70
col name for a50
select name, value
from v$parameter
where name in ('db_name','db_unique_name','log_archive_config', 'log_archive_dest_1','log_archive_dest_2',
'log_archive_dest_state_1','log_archive_dest_state_2', 'remote_login_passwordfile',
'log_archive_format','log_archive_max_processes','fal_server','db_file_name_convert',
'log_file_name_convert', 'standby_file_management');
参数设定值：
DB_NAME=jyzhao DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(jyzhao,mynas)' LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao' LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=mynas ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas' LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=8 FAL_SERVER=mynas DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+data/mynas','+data1/jyzhao' LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+data/mynas','+data1/jyzhao','+fra/mynas','+fra1/jyzhao' STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
注：对于db_unique_name,我这里开始规划的主备库分别是pcssd和mynas。
pcssd：说明这个库在个人PC机上的SSD存储上。
mynas：说明这个库在个人NAS存储上。
最后，因为考虑到生产环境通常要求对主库环境影响最小，因此主库的db_unique_name最终选择不更改,仍是保留jyzhao。
此外，这里LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2使用的是归档进程传输，后续能够根据须要改为LGWR传输，这样主备库的延迟能够更低。
修改参数值：
--alter system set db_unique_name='jyzhao' scope=spfile; alter system set log_archive_config= 'DG_CONFIG=(jyzhao,mynas)'; alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao'; alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=mynas ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas'; alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable; alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable; alter system set FAL_SERVER='mynas'; alter system set db_file_name_convert='+data/mynas','+data1/jyzhao' scope=spfile; alter system set log_file_name_convert='+data/mynas','+data1/jyzhao','+fra/mynas','+fra1/jyzhao' scope=spfile; alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;
3.4 建立SRLs
确认当前v$log信息：
SYS@jyzhao1 >select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
1 1 121 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 3784808 08-AUG-17 3822869 09-AUG-17
2 1 122 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 3822869 09-AUG-17 2.8147E+14
3 2 97 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 3822868 09-AUG-17 3841980 09-AUG-17
4 2 98 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 3841980 09-AUG-17 2.8147E+14
建立存放SRL的目录并添加SRLs：
ASMCMD> mkdir +fra1/jyzhao/STANDBYLOG --alter system set standby_file_management=manual scope=both sid='*'; alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 11 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_11.log' size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 12 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_12.log' size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_13.log' size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 21 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_21.log' size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 22 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_22.log' size 52428800; alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 23 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_23.log' size 52428800; --alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=both sid='*';
添加完SRLs以后，能够查询到：
SYS@jyzhao1 >select * from v$standby_log;
GROUP# DBID THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE USED ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME LAST_CHANGE# LAST_TIME
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
11 UNASSIGNED 1 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
12 UNASSIGNED 1 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
13 UNASSIGNED 1 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
21 UNASSIGNED 2 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
22 UNASSIGNED 2 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
23 UNASSIGNED 2 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
6 rows selected.
3.5 备份数据库
mkdir -p /public/hotback/jyzhao/standby
rman target /
run
{
allocate channel ch1 type disk;
backup database format '/public/hotback/jyzhao/standby/dbbackup_for_stndby_%U';
backup current controlfile for standby format '/public/hotback/jyzhao/standby/control_for_standby.ctl';
release channel ch1;
}
3.6 建立备库参数文件
create pfile='pfile_for_standby.txt' from spfile;
3.7 更新tnsnames.ora文件
JYZHAO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.51)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.53)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
)
)
JYZHAO1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.51)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
(SID = jyzhao1)
)
)
JYZHAO2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.53)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
(SID = jyzhao2)
)
)
LISTENER_JYZHAO1=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jyrac1-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
LISTENER_JYZHAO2=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jyrac2-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
MYNAS =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.62)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.64)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
)
)
MYNAS1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.62)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
(SID = jyzhao1)
)
)
MYNAS2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.64)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
(SID = jyzhao2)
)
)
4.备库配置
备库配置操做主要有：
- 拷贝主库RMAN备份和参数文件
- 拷贝密码文件
- 建立备库须要的目录
- 修改备库参数文件
- 拷贝tnsnames.ora文件
- 建立ASM相关目录
4.1 拷贝主库RMAN备份和参数文件
我这里备份所在的空间能够直接nfs挂载到备库，不须要拷贝。
4.2 拷贝密码文件
scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao1 192.168.1.61:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao1 scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao1 192.168.1.63:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao2
4.3 建立备库须要的目录
On jystdrac1:
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/admin/mynas/adump mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao1 cd /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao1 mkdir trace cdump
On jystdrac2:
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/admin/mynas/adump mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao2 cd /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao2 mkdir trace cdump
4.4 修改备库参数文件
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/mynas/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.cluster_database=true *.compatible='11.2.0.4.0' *.control_files='+DATA/mynas/controlfile/current.260.919999027','+FRA/mynas/controlfile/current.256.919999029' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_create_file_dest='+DATA' *.db_domain='' *.db_file_name_convert='+data1/jyzhao','+data/mynas' *.db_name='jyzhao' *.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432 *.db_unique_name='mynas' *.diagnostic_dest='/opt/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=jyzhaoXDB)' *.fal_server='jyzhao' jyzhao2.instance_number=2 jyzhao1.instance_number=1 *.java_jit_enabled=TRUE jyzhao1.local_listener='LISTENER_JYZHAO1' jyzhao2.local_listener='LISTENER_JYZHAO2' *.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(jyzhao,mynas)' *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas' *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jyzhao ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao' *.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE' *.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE' *.log_file_name_convert='+data1/jyzhao','+data/mynas','+fra1/jyzhao','+fra/mynas' *.memory_target=536870912 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_listener='jyrac-scan:1521' *.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive' jyzhao2.thread=2 jyzhao1.thread=1 jyzhao2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2' jyzhao1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
注意：我这里的环境备库和主库的磁盘组名称有区别，必定要仔细区分清楚，好比控制文件的全路径确认写正确。
4.5 拷贝tnsnames.ora文件
拷贝tnsnames.ora文件到备库2个节点：
scp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 192.168.1.61:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora scp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 192.168.1.63:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
注：这里拷贝后须要修改LOCAL_LISTENER参数 (仅在备库端全部节点操做).这里的LOCAL_LISTENER参数是设置的tnsnames中配置的别名。
LISTENER_JYZHAO1=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jystdrac1-vip)(PORT = 1521))) LISTENER_JYZHAO2=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jystdrac2-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
4.6 建立ASM相关目录
ASMCMD> mkdir +data/MYNAS ASMCMD> cd +data/MYNAS ASMCMD> mkdir PARAMETERFILE DATAFILE CONTROLFILE TEMPFILE ONLINELOG ASMCMD> mkdir +fra/MYNAS ASMCMD> cd +fra/MYNAS ASMCMD> mkdir ARCHIVELOG CONTROLFILE ONLINELOG STANDBYLOG
5.备库恢复数据库
- 使用启动实例到nomount状态
- 初始化standby数据库
- 确认已建立ORLs和SRLs
- 确认备库tnsnames.ora
- 启动MRP
- 建立spfile而后使用spfile启动数据库
5.1 使用启动实例到nomount状态
在备库节点1操做：
sqlplus / as sysdba startup nomount pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/pfile_for_standby.txt
5.2 初始化standby数据库
这里经常使用的两种方案：直接duplicate建立；使用RMAN手工恢复。
①使用duplicate命令建立standby数据库:
rman target sys/oracle@jyzhao1 auxiliary / DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY from active database NOFILENAMECHECK;
②使用RMAN恢复standby数据库：
rman target / restore controlfile from '/public/hotback/jyzhao/standby/control_for_standby.ctl'; alter database mount; restore database;
根据实际状况或本身更熟悉的方式选择任意一种便可。
这里的恢复操做实际在实验过程当中碰到一个问题，具体内容可参考：《案例：Oracle报错ASM磁盘组不存在或没有mount》。
5.3 确认已建立ORLs和SRLs
查询v$logfile
SQL> SELECT MEMBER FROM V$LOGFILE; MEMBER ---------------------------------------------------------------- +DATA/mynas/onlinelog/group_2.267.951608745 +FRA/mynas/onlinelog/group_2.258.951608751 +DATA/mynas/onlinelog/group_1.266.951608731 +FRA/mynas/onlinelog/group_1.257.951608737 +DATA/mynas/onlinelog/group_3.268.951608757 +FRA/mynas/onlinelog/group_3.259.951608763 +DATA/mynas/onlinelog/group_4.269.951608769 +FRA/mynas/onlinelog/group_4.260.951608775 +FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_11.log +FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_12.log +FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_13.log +FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_21.log +FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_22.log +FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_23.log 14 rows selected.
在ASMCMD中查询没有也会后续自动建立的，肯定路径没问题就能够，路径若是有问题，极可能是以前的convert参数设置有问题。
5.4 确认备库tnsnames.ora
确认tnsnames.ora配置正确(on all standby nodes)：
JYZHAO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.51)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.53)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
)
)
JYZHAO1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.51)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
(SID = jyzhao1)
)
)
JYZHAO2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.53)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
(SID = jyzhao2)
)
)
LISTENER_JYZHAO1=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jystdrac1-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
LISTENER_JYZHAO2=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jystdrac2-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
MYNAS =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.62)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.64)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
)
)
MYNAS1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.62)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
(SID = jyzhao1)
)
)
MYNAS2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.64)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
(SID = jyzhao2)
)
)
特别要注意LISTENER_JYZHAO1和LISTENER_JYZHAO2的配置是否对应备份的信息。
5.5 启动MRP
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
5.6 建立spfile而后使用spfile启动数据库
建立spfile
create spfile='+data/mynas/parameterfile/spfileMYNAS.ora' from pfile='/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/pfile_for_standby.txt';
在备库两个节点修改init
On jystdrac1: [oracle@jystdrac1 dbs]$ cat initjyzhao1.ora spfile='+data/mynas/parameterfile/spfileMYNAS.ora' On jystdrac2: [oracle@jystdrac2 dbs]$ cat initjyzhao2.ora spfile='+data/mynas/parameterfile/spfileMYNAS.ora'
从新启动到mount状态能够再次开启MRP进程。
6.检查同步状态
能够在备库根据下面的SQL查询相关的信息：
select * from v$archive_gap; select process, client_process, sequence#, status from v$managed_standby; select sequence#, first_time, next_time, applied from v$archived_log; select archived_thread#, archived_seq#, applied_thread#, applied_seq# from v$archive_dest_status; select thread#, max (sequence#) from v$log_history group by thread#; select thread#, max (sequence#) from v$archived_log where APPLIED='YES' group by thread#;
实际看同步延迟：
SQL> select * from v$dataguard_stats; NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED DATUM_TIME -------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ transport lag +00 00:04:36 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 09:26:06 08/10/2017 09:25:50 apply lag +00 00:05:34 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 09:26:06 08/10/2017 09:25:50 apply finish time +00 00:00:05.432 day(2) to second(3) interval 08/10/2017 09:26:06 estimated startup time 26 second 08/10/2017 09:26:06
由于咱们使用的是归档进程传输，因此会有一组在线日志的延迟，若是咱们想在保证不影响主库业务的同时，尽量更实时的去同步传输，那咱们就须要使用LGWR传输,只须要去掉ARCH的关键字便可：
--以前的设置 alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=mynas ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas'; --修改设置，能够在线修改： alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=mynas VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas';
实际上默认的就是使用LGWR去ASYNC传输，通常这样延迟会很小，大部分状态下均可以接近实时同步。关于这两种方式的差别能够参考《ARCH和LGWR进程同步DG日志的区别》。
7.添加资源
最后咱们须要把Standby RAC的数据库和实例都添加到OCR中，使他们可以方便被CRS所管理：
--oracle user: srvctl add database -d mynas -n jyzhao -o /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -c RAC -p +data/mynas/parameterfile/spfileMYNAS.ora -r physical_standby -a DATA,FRA srvctl add instance -d mynas -i jyzhao1 -n jystdrac1 srvctl add instance -d mynas -i jyzhao2 -n jystdrac2 srvctl start database -d mynas
参数比较多，能够参考帮助说明：
[grid@jystdrac1 ~]$ srvctl add database -h
Adds a database configuration to the Oracle Clusterware.
Usage: srvctl add database -d <db_unique_name> -o <oracle_home> [-c {RACONENODE | RAC | SINGLE} [-e <server_list>] [-i <inst_name>] [-w <timeout>]] [-m <domain_name>] [-p <spfile>] [-r {PRIMARY | PHYSICAL_STANDBY | LOGICAL_STANDBY | SNAPSHOT_STANDBY}] [-s <start_options>] [-t <stop_options>] [-n <db_name>] [-y {AUTOMATIC | MANUAL | NORESTART}] [-g "<serverpool_list>"] [-x <node_name>] [-a "<diskgroup_list>"] [-j "<acfs_path_list>"]
-d <db_unique_name> Unique name for the database
-o <oracle_home> ORACLE_HOME path
-c <type> Type of database: RAC One Node, RAC, or Single Instance
-e <server_list> Candidate server list for RAC One Node database
-i <inst_name> Instance name prefix for administrator-managed RAC One Node database (default first 12 characters of <db_unique_name>)
-w <timeout> Online relocation timeout in minutes
-x <node_name> Node name. -x option is specified for single-instance databases
-m <domain> Domain for database. Must be set if database has DB_DOMAIN set.
-p <spfile> Server parameter file path
-r <role> Role of the database (primary, physical_standby, logical_standby, snapshot_standby)
-s <start_options> Startup options for the database. Examples of startup options are OPEN, MOUNT, or 'READ ONLY'.
-t <stop_options> Stop options for the database. Examples of shutdown options are NORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL, IMMEDIATE, or ABORT.
-n <db_name> Database name (DB_NAME), if different from the unique name given by the -d option
-y <dbpolicy> Management policy for the database (AUTOMATIC, MANUAL, or NORESTART)
-g "<serverpool_list>" Comma separated list of database server pool names
-a "<diskgroup_list>" Comma separated list of disk groups
-j "<acfs_path_list>" Comma separated list of ACFS paths where database's dependency will be set
-h Print usage
最后查看备库资源状态：
[grid@jystdrac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.FRA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE jystdrac1
OFFLINE OFFLINE jystdrac2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.registry.acfs
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.jystdrac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.jystdrac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.mynas.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1 Open
2 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2 Open
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
[grid@jystdrac1 ~]$
确认开启ADG实时应用：
SQL> select name, database_role, open_mode from gv$database; NAME DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE --------- ---------------- -------------------- JYZHAO PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY JYZHAO PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE using current logfile disconnect from session; Database altered. SQL> select name, database_role, open_mode from gv$database; NAME DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE --------- ---------------- -------------------- JYZHAO PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY JYZHAO PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY SQL> set lines 1000 SQL> select * from v$dataguard_stats; NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED DATUM_TIME -------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ transport lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 12:40:25 08/10/2017 12:40:22 apply lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 12:40:25 08/10/2017 12:40:22 apply finish time day(2) to second(3) interval 08/10/2017 12:40:25 estimated startup time 30 second 08/10/2017 12:40:25 SQL> / NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED DATUM_TIME -------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ transport lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 12:43:04 08/10/2017 12:43:03 apply lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 12:43:04 08/10/2017 12:43:03 apply finish time +00 00:00:00.000 day(2) to second(3) interval 08/10/2017 12:43:04 estimated startup time 30 second 08/10/2017 12:43:04
Reference
很是感谢Bhavin Hingu，我在实验过程当中，不少规范参考了他的文章《Step By Step of Configuring Oracle 11gR2 (11.2.0.1) RAC to RAC Dataguard》，不得不说，这种Standby RAC的施工，最终实施成功很容易，但作到每一步实施都规范就很难，我作的过程当中也在不少细节作了进一步的说明和延伸。
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