let x=5;
let (x,y) = (1,2); //x=1 y=2
Rust 是强类型语言,咱们能够在声明变量时指定类型,在编译的时候会被检查。ruby
x类型是 int 32位类型变量
i 表示有符号,u表示无符号整数 ,在Rust中能够声明 8 、 1六、 3二、 64位的整数markdown
let x: i32 = 5;
let y = 5; //默认是 i32
Rust 中若是不特别标示,声明的变量都是不可变得ui
let x = 5;
x = 10; //这会编译错误
错误以下:spa
error: re-assignment of immutable variable `x`
x = 10;
^~~~~~~
若是须要使用可变变量,须要用到 mut 关键字翻译
let mut x =5; //mut x: i32
x = 10;
Rust 要求在使用变量前必须对变量进行初始化code
fn main(){
let x: i32;
println!("hello world !!!");
}
编译会被 warn,可是依然会打印出 hello worldregexp
Compiling hello_world v0.0.1 (file:///home/you/projects/hello_world)
src/main.rs:2:9: 2:10 warning: unused variable: `x`, #[warn(unused_variable)]
on by default
src/main.rs:2 let x: i32;
^
可是若是使用时,编译器就会报错orm
fn main() {
let x: i32;
println!("The value of x is: {}", x);
}
错误以下:xml
Compiling hello_world v0.0.1 (file:///home/you/projects/hello_world)
src/main.rs:4:39: 4:40 error: use of possibly uninitialized variable: `x`
src/main.rs:4 println!("The value of x is: {}", x);
^
note: in expansion of format_args!
<std macros>:2:23: 2:77 note: expansion site
<std macros>:1:1: 3:2 note: in expansion of println!
src/main.rs:4:5: 4:42 note: expansion site
error: aborting due to previous error
Could not compile `hello_world`.
{} 表示一个代码块,代码块内的变量 不能做用于代码块外!作用域
fn main() {
let x: i32 = 17;
{
let y: i32 = 3;
println!("The value of x is {} and value of y is {}", x, y);
}
println!("The value of x is {} and value of y is {}", x, y); // This won't work
}
Rust 有一个变态的功能,官方文档中称为 shadow,不知道如何翻译,看下代码就明白了
let x: i32 = 8;
{
println!("{}", x); // Prints "8"
let x = 12;
println!("{}", x); // Prints "12"
}
println!("{}", x); // Prints "8"
let x = 42;
println!("{}", x); // Prints "42"
同一名称的变量能够被重复声明。挺酷的一特性,可是是把双刃剑,弄好好会割伤本身
这种重复变量声明的特性,也能够改变变量的类型。
let mut x: i32 = 1;
x = 7;
let x = x; // x is now immutable and is bound to 7
let y = 4;
let y = "I can also be bound to text!"; // y is now of a different type
瞬间有种在使用脚本语言的感受。