git 学习

git help 查看全部命令

$ git help
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
           [-p | --paginate | -P | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
           <command> [<args>]

These are common Git commands used in various situations:

start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
   clone             Clone a repository into a new directory
   init              Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one

work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
   add               Add file contents to the index
   mv                Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
   restore           Restore working tree files
   rm                Remove files from the working tree and from the index
   sparse-checkout   Initialize and modify the sparse-checkout

examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
   bisect            Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
   diff              Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   grep              Print lines matching a pattern
   log               Show commit logs
   show              Show various types of objects
   status            Show the working tree status

grow, mark and tweak your common history
   branch            List, create, or delete branches
   commit            Record changes to the repository
   merge             Join two or more development histories together
   rebase            Reapply commits on top of another base tip
   reset             Reset current HEAD to the specified state
   switch            Switch branches
   tag               Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG

collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
   fetch             Download objects and refs from another repository
   pull              Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   push              Update remote refs along with associated objects

'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.
See 'git help git' for an overview of the system.

git help xxx

例如：git help log 会在默认浏览器中打开一个页面，显示命令详情

git log

git log --oneline // 日志显示的格式 one line

git log -n number // 显示指定 number 数量的日志

git log --graph --oneline // 能够查询 提交记录的图

git status

提交的产生一般被分为两个步骤。首先咱们用add命令将全部相关的修改归入到暂存区（staging area），接着才能用commit命令将暂存区中的修改传送到版本库中。 经过status命令，能够查看当前工做区中所发生的修改，以及其中的哪些修改已经被注册到了暂存区中。

上图可按照如下几个小标题

• Changes to be committed：这部分修改已经在暂存区中，将在下次commit中被归入版本库中
• Changes not staged for commit：这部分修改尚未添加到暂存区，下次commit时不会被提交到版本库中
• Untracked files：伟被追踪的文件

在每一个标题下面，git都有相关的帮助提高，告诉咱们应该用什么命令来从新改变这些状态。

例如：咱们能够用如下命令将 foot.txt移出暂存区。

git restore --staged foo.txt