在开发中,我很是喜欢动态语言和匿名对象带来的方便,JSON.NET具备动态序列化和反序列化任意JSON内容的能力,没必要将它映射到具体的强类型对象,它能够处理不肯定的类型(集合、字典、动态对象和匿名对象),在这篇文章中我将经过JToken、JObject和JArray来动态解析JSON对象,使它很容易建立和检索的JSON内容而无需基础类型。经过JObject和JArray建立JSON对象咱们先用很是简单的方法来动态建立一些JSON,可经过JToken派生的JSON.NET对象来进行,最多见的JToken派生的类是JObject和JArray。
由于JToken实现了IDynamicMetaProvider动态语言接口,因此可使用dynamic关键字直观地建立动态对象,并把这个动态对象序列化为JSON字符串。 git
Newtonsoft.Json的地址:github
官网:http://json.codeplex.com/json
源码地址:https://github.com/JamesNK/Newtonsoft.Jsonide
Newtonsoft.Json.dll下载:https://github.com/JamesNK/Newtonsoft.Json/releasesspa
例子一、
经过JArray和JObject来建立一个音乐专辑结构的一个示例:code
//Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject jsonObject = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject {{"Entered", DateTime.Now}}; Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject jsonObject = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject(); jsonObject.Add("Entered", DateTime.Now); dynamic album = jsonObject; album.AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; album.Artist = "AC/DC/DVD"; album.YearReleased = DateTime.Now.Year; album.Songs = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JArray() as dynamic; dynamic song = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject(); song.SongName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; song.SongLength = "4:05"; album.Songs.Add(song); song = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject(); song.SongName = "Love at First Feel"; song.SongLength = "3:01"; album.Songs.Add(song); song = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject(); song.SongName = "小苹果"; song.SongLength = "03:32"; album.Songs.Add(song); Console.WriteLine(album.ToString()); Console.ReadLine();
以上代码最重要的是没有明确指定类型,即可将动态对象进行JSON序列化,而JObject对象只是接收数据,具体结构经过动态语言在运行时生成,这意味着此代码能够在运行时被编译,从而体现动态语言的优点。序列化的结果以下图所示:orm
例子二、对象
//Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject jsonObject = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject {{"Entered", DateTime.Now}}; Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject jsonObject = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject(); jsonObject.Add("Entered", DateTime.Now); dynamic album = jsonObject; album.AlbumName = "非主流歌曲"; foreach (var item in jsonObject) //循环输出动态的值 JObject(基类为JContainer、JObject和JArray)是一个集合,实现了IEnumerable接口,所以你还能够轻松地在运行时循环访问 { Console.WriteLine(item.Key + "的值为:" + item.Value.ToString()); }
执行结果为:blog
例子3:接口
JObject.Parse()和JArray.Parse()方法导入JSON格式,JToken结构支持Parse()和Load()方法,这两个方法能够分别从字符串或各类流读取JSON数据。JValue包括最核心的JSON 解析能力,支持将字符串转化为咱们熟悉的动态对象。将JSON字符串转换为成JObject对象,并强制转换为动态类型。
var jsonString = @"{""Name"":""小苹果"",""Company"":""韩国公司"", ""Entered"":""2016-11-26 00:14""}"; dynamic json = Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JToken.Parse(jsonString) as dynamic; string name = json.Name; string company = json.Company; DateTime entered = json.Entered; Console.WriteLine("name:"+name); Console.WriteLine("company:" + company); Console.WriteLine("entered:" + entered);
执行结果:
例子4:
将JObject和JArray实例映射到一个强类型的对象,因此你能够在同一段代码中混合书写动态和静态类型
string jsonString1 = @"[{""Name"":""小苹果"",""Age"":""20""},{""Name"":""演员"",""Age"":""2""}]"; Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JArray userAarray1 = Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JArray.Parse(jsonString1) as Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JArray; List<User> userListModel = userAarray1.ToObject<List<User>>(); foreach (var userModel1 in userListModel) { Console.WriteLine("Name:" + userModel1.Name); Console.WriteLine("Age:" + userModel1.Age); } Console.WriteLine(""); string jsonString = @"[{""Name"":""小苹果"",""Age"":""20""}]"; Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JArray userAarray = Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JArray.Parse(jsonString) as Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JArray; Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject jObject = userAarray[0] as Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JObject; User userModel = jObject.ToObject<User>(); Console.WriteLine("Name:" + userModel.Name); Console.WriteLine("Age:" + userModel.Age);
public class User { public string Name { set; get; } public int Age { set; get; } }
执行结果:
例子五、
JSON.NET对动态语言的支持,但也别忘了它对静态类型的强大支持,关于如何序列化和反序列化强类型对象,JsonConvert是一个高级别的静态类,包装更低级别的功能,但你也可使用JsonSerializer类,该类能够序列化和反序列化各类流
UserType album = new UserType() { Type = "普通用户", UserListModel = new List<User>() { new User() { Name="张三", Age = 20 }, new User() { Name="李四", Age = 30 } } }; // serialize to string string json2 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(album, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented); Console.WriteLine("序列化结果"); Console.WriteLine(""); Console.WriteLine(json2); UserType userType = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<UserType>(json2); Console.WriteLine(""); Console.WriteLine("反序列化:"); Console.WriteLine("Type:"+ userType.Type); Console.WriteLine(""); foreach (var userModel in userType.UserListModel) { Console.WriteLine("Name:"+userModel.Name); Console.WriteLine("Age:" + userModel.Age); }
public class UserType { public string Type { get; set; } public List<User> UserListModel { get; set; } } public class User { public string Name { set; get; } public int Age { set; get; } }
执行结果: