VS2015预览版中的C#6.0 新功能(三)express
VS2015的预览版在11月12日发布了,下面让咱们来看看C#都提供了哪些新的功能。安全
字符串添写(String interpolation)
在格式化字符串时,string.Format是常常被用到的,它确实很方便使用,可是这种使用占位符,而后经过参数替换的方式还不够方便, 在C#6.0里,String interpolation语法的引入提供了另外一种格式化字符串的方式。请看下面的例子:
假设咱们如今有个以下所示的Book类,如今须要格式化它的字段以输出关于该book的描述。 post
public class Book { public int Number { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Abstract { get; set; } public float Price { get; set; } public List<Author> Authors { get; set; } }
使用string.Format的代码以下:url
var introUsingStringFormat = string.Format("[{0}]' price is {1:F3}, its description is {2}.", book.Name, book.Price, book.Abstract);
使用string interpolation的代码以下:spa
var introUsingStrInterPolation = "[\{book.Name}]' price is \{book.Price : F3}, its description is \{book.Abstract}.";
完整的程序以下:线程
public void Show() { //interpolate string var book = new Book { Abstract = "Book about C#6.0", Name = "C#6.0 new feature", Price = 10.8709f, }; var introUsingStrInterPolation = "[\{book.Name}]' price is \{book.Price : F3}, its description is \{book.Abstract}."; var introUsingStringFormat = string.Format("[{0}]' price is {1:F3}, its description is {2}.", book.Name, book.Price, book.Abstract); Console.WriteLine("format string using string interpolation:"); Console.WriteLine(introUsingStrInterPolation); Console.WriteLine("==============================================================================="); Console.WriteLine("format string using string.Format method:"); Console.WriteLine(introUsingStringFormat); Console.Read(); }
以下图,两种方式的输出是同样的:code
总结:orm
String Interpolation语法容许你在字符串里直接插入代码并能够像string.Format 那样指定format Specifier和对齐,如上面的例子\{book.Price : F3}指定price的精度为3。这个语法在以后版本中会变得更加简洁,可能会采用以下的格式:
htm
var introUsingStrInterPolation = $"[{book.Name}]' price is {book.Price : F3}, its description is {book.Abstract}.";
空条件运算符?
以下面例子所示, 在程序中常常会出现对表达式中对象是否为空的连续检测。
if (book != null && book.Authors != null) { var countOfAuthers = book.Authors.Count; }
空条件运算符?使得这种检测更加方便,表达更加简洁,其使用方法以下:
var countOfAuthersUsingNullConditional = book?.Authors?.Count;
空条件运算符?用在成员运算符.和索引前面,会执行下面的操做:
若是其前面的对象为空,那么直接返回null,不然容许访问前面对象的成员或者元素以继续后面运算,因此上面的表达式和下面的代码段是等价的
if (book == null) { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = null; } else if (book.Authors == null) { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = null; } else { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = book.Authors.Count; }
上面的code展现了其执行的逻辑顺序,达到相同结果的简洁写法以下:
if(book == null || book.Authors == null) { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = null; } else { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = book.Authors.Count; }
从上能够看出其具备以下特性:
此外,空条件运算符还具备以下特色:
下面来看一些针对2和3的例子:
//using with coalescing operator ?? int numberOfAuthors = book?.Authors?.Count ?? 0; //using with delegate. action?.Invoke();
完整的程序以下:
public void Show() { //traditional way if (book != null && book.Authors != null) { var countOfAuthors = book.Authors.Count; Console.WriteLine("===================using tranditional way=============="); Console.WriteLine(countOfAuthors); } //the way of using null-conditional operator. var countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = book?.Authors?.Count; Console.WriteLine("===================null-conditional operator=============="); Console.WriteLine(countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional); Console.Read(); //the logic of the expression. if (book == null) { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = null; } else if (book.Authors == null) { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = null; } else { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = book.Authors.Count; } //the concise edition using tranditional way. if (book == null || book.Authors == null) { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = null; } else { countOfAuthorsUsingNullConditional = book.Authors.Count; } //using with coalescing operator ?? int numberOfAuthors = book?.Authors?.Count ?? 0; //using with delegate. action?.Invoke(); }
nameof表达式
有时候咱们须要得到代码中某些symbol的名字,例如在throw ArgumentNullException时,须要得到为null参数的名字(字符串形式),在调用PropertyChanged时,咱们也须要得到属性的名字,直接使用字符串具备以下的缺点:
nameof表达式可以以字符串的形式返回参数对象或者类成员的名字,下面是一些例子
var nameOfClassPropertyObject = nameof(book); var nameOfArgument = nameof(author); var classMethodMember = nameof(Book.Equals); var classPropertyMember = nameof(Book.Number); var @class = nameof(Book);
从上面的例子中能够看出nameof运算符能够用于类(包括attribute类),类的成员,对象上,另外须要注意的是它只会输出最终元素的名字不会包含其前缀,例如nameof(Book.Equals)的输出是Equals。