Asp.net core 学习笔记 ( IIS, static file 性能优化 )

时间 2019-11-19

标签 asp.net asp core 学习笔记 iis static file 性能优化栏目 ASP 繁體版

原文原文链接

更新 : 2019-05-04 css

补上一个完整的 startup.cs html

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        var fileExtensionContentTypeProvider = new FileExtensionContentTypeProvider();
        fileExtensionContentTypeProvider.Mappings[".webmanifest"] = "application/manifest+json";
        services.AddSingleton<IContentTypeProvider>(fileExtensionContentTypeProvider);
        services.Configure<RewriteOptions>(options =>
        {
            options.AddRedirectToWww();
        });
        services.Configure<RewriteOptions>(options =>
        {
            options.AddRedirectToHttps();
        });
        services.AddResponseCompression(options => {
            options.EnableForHttps = true;
        });
        services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
    }

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        app.UseRewriter();
        app.UseResponseCompression();

        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
        }

        app.UseStaticFiles(new StaticFileOptions
        {
            ContentTypeProvider = serviceProvider.GetService<IContentTypeProvider>(),
            OnPrepareResponse = ctx =>
            {
                if (!env.IsDevelopment())
                {
                    var cachePeriod = TimeSpan.FromDays(365 * 15).TotalSeconds.ToString();
                    ctx.Context.Response.Headers.Append("Cache-Control", $"public, max-age={cachePeriod}");
                }
            }
        });
        app.UseMvc();
    }
}

View Code

还有 web config node

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <location path="." inheritInChildApplications="false">
    <system.webServer>
      <handlers>
        <add name="aspNetCore" path="*" verb="*" modules="AspNetCoreModuleV2" resourceType="Unspecified" />
      </handlers>
      <aspNetCore processPath="dotnet" arguments=".\Project.dll" stdoutLogEnabled="false" stdoutLogFile=".\logs\stdout" hostingModel="InProcess" />
      <urlCompression doStaticCompression="false" />
      <modules>
        <remove name="RewriteModule" />
        <remove name="AspNetCoreModule" />
        <remove name="RequestFilteringModule" />
        <remove name="iisnode" />
        <remove name="ProtocolSupportModule" />
        <remove name="IsapiModule" />
        <remove name="IpRestrictionModule" />
        <remove name="IsapiFilterModule" />
        <remove name="HttpRedirectionModule" />
        <remove name="DynamicIpRestrictionModule" />
        <remove name="DirectoryListingModule" />
        <remove name="DefaultDocumentModule" />
        <remove name="CorsModule" />
        <remove name="ConfigurationValidationModule" />
        <remove name="ApplicationInitializationModule" />
        <remove name="WebSocketModule" />
        <remove name="AnonymousIdentification" />
        <remove name="DefaultAuthentication" />
        <remove name="FileAuthorization" />
        <remove name="FormsAuthentication" />
        <remove name="Profile" />
        <remove name="OutputCache" />
        <remove name="UrlAuthorization" />
        <remove name="RoleManager" />
        <remove name="ScriptModule-4.0" />
        <remove name="UrlMappingsModule" />
        <remove name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" />
        <remove name="WindowsAuthentication" />
        <remove name="Session" />
        <remove name="StaticFileModule" />
        <remove name="StaticCompressionModule" />
      </modules>
      <httpErrors errorMode="Detailed" />
    </system.webServer>
  </location>
</configuration>
<!--ProjectGuid: 1a4d84c4-a1de-4b9f-b1ee-b0912a57ceb6-->

View Code

更新 : 2019-02-06git

最后仍是把 rewrite 给替换掉了. 因此 rewrite url 也不依赖 iis 了咯. github

refer : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/enforcing-ssl?view=aspnetcore-2.2&tabs=visual-studioweb

上面这篇说明了如何使用 http redirect to https json

如今 https 都免费了嘛, 网站固然是确定要 https 丫. windows

https://certifytheweb.com/ 我用这个来制做证书... 很是方便哦.api

除了 https 还有 non-www redirect to www缓存

refer

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43823413/redirect-non-www-to-www-using-asp-net-core-middleware

https://github.com/aspnet/BasicMiddleware/pull/297

也是原生支持的哦.

note : 一些坑和额外知识

有一个东西叫 HSTS, asp.net core 也有支持.

refer :

https://blog.wilddog.com/?page_id=1493

https://www.barretlee.com/blog/2015/10/22/hsts-intro/

若是你作 https 那就一并作了吧.

它是配合游览器的一个东西，大部分游览器都有支持了.

主要就是防止窃听, 当用户第一次访问服务器后，服务器会告诉 browser, 我这个网站只能用 https 访问.

那么，日后即便用户在地址栏输入没有 http 的网址，游览器也会自动换成 https.

还有一点就是，若是证书过时了，用户没法忽略它，游览器会彻底禁止不安全的访问.

上面的前提是至少访问一次, 那若是你要更极端一点，能够提交你的网站给游览器厂商, 那么连第一次访问也都必须是 https.

更新 : 2019-02-05

refer :

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/static-files?view=aspnetcore-2.2

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/performance/response-compression?view=aspnetcore-2.2

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/host-and-deploy/iis/modules?view=aspnetcore-2.2

依赖 IIS 来处理 static file, 缓存, 压缩, 未必就好,

要知道 IIS 是一个你们伙, 不少历史包袱, 并且绑定 windows 服务器. 这并不符合个 asp.net core 跨平台的特点.

因此呢, 咱们能够尽可能减小对 IIS 的依赖.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/static-files?view=aspnetcore-2.2

这篇说了若是使用 asp.net core 来处理静态文件和 cache control.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/performance/response-compression?view=aspnetcore-2.2

这篇则说了如何作压缩文件.

这样咱们就不须要像从前我说的那样处理了.

那么还有一个重点是, IIS 和 asp.net core 会不会打架呢？你要处理，我也要处理...

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/host-and-deploy/iis/modules?view=aspnetcore-2.2

这篇说了如何关掉 IIS 的处理 Module

我是使用 webconfig 来关闭的，由于还有一些古老项目在服务器上跑着.

记得去 C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\config 这里打开权限, 否则 webconfig 没法 remove module 哦.

最后 iis 剩下的 module

anony 和 aspnetcoremodule 是必定要的, uriCache 和 httpcache 是微软推荐要的（asp.net core 推荐）

rewirte 用于 https and www， asp.net core 有本身的 middle 不要也能够拿掉

custom error 和 logging 只是为了方便 debug.

note : 一些坑和额外知识

1.https 状况下要开，默认是不开的, 开以前了解一下 https 安全 CRIME and BREACH attacks.

services.AddResponseCompression(options => {
    options.EnableForHttps = true;
});

2. Use.. 必定要 before staticfile() and mvc()

app.UseResponseCompression();

3. 压缩 br 格式是 google 发明的, 视乎比 gzip 还好哦, 可是不用担忧, asp.net core br 和 gzip 都是默认支持

更新 : 2019-02-05

refer :

https://weblog.west-wind.com/posts/2017/Apr/27/IIS-and-ASPNET-Core-Rewrite-Rules-for-Static-Files-and-Html-5-Routing

https://weblogs.asp.net/imranbaloch/leveraging-iis-static-file-feature-in-aspnetcore

https://shiyousan.com/post/635659901987610088

https://blogs.iis.net/nazim/use-of-special-characters-like-in-an-iis-url

一直以来 url 我基本上是不放富豪的, 但最近有个项目比较奇葩, 用了空格做为 filename

而后就发现以前的表达式不支持 %20 空格的处理, 就改了改

^.*\.(html|htm|svg|json|css|png|gif|jpg|jpeg|js|mp3|mp4|woff2|woff|ico|pdf|webmanifest)$

因而就随便试试其它符号, 发现 + 和 % 也是不能够。

通过测试不是 rewrite 的问题, 读了 iis 文档后 https://blogs.iis.net/nazim/use-of-special-characters-like-in-an-iis-url

看样子是被禁止了, 最后总结, 仍是不要乱用符号在文件上吧.

refer :

https://weblog.west-wind.com/posts/2017/Apr/27/IIS-and-ASPNET-Core-Rewrite-Rules-for-AspNetCoreModule

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/performance/response-compression?tabs=aspnetcore2x

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/static-files

https://andrewlock.net/html-minification-using-webmarkupmin-in-asp-net-core/

https://github.com/Taritsyn/WebMarkupMin

core host in IIS 会拦截全部的请求, 包括静态文件

但是 IIS 处理静态文件压缩等等仍是不错的

那咱们能够在 webconfig 里去设置一下

<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
    <rewrite>
        <rules>
            <rule name="wwwroot-static">
                <match url="([\S]+[.](html|htm|svg|js|css|png|gif|jpg|jpeg|json|mp3|mp4|woff|woff2))" />
                <action type="Rewrite" url="wwwroot/{R:1}" />
            </rule>
        </rules>
    </rewrite>
    <handlers>          
        <add name="StaticFileModuleSvg" path="*.svg" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
        <add name="StaticFileModuleJs" path="*.js" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
        <add name="StaticFileModuleCss" path="*.css" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
        <add name="StaticFileModuleJpeg" path="*.jpeg" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
        <add name="StaticFileModuleJpg" path="*.jpg" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
        <add name="StaticFileModulePng" path="*.png" verb ="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
        <add name="StaticFileModuleGif" path="*.gif" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
  <add name="StaticFileModuleJson" path="*.json" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
  <add name="StaticFileModuleMp4" path="*.mp4" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
  <add name="StaticFileModuleMp3" path="*.mp3" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
  <add name="StaticFileModuleWoff" path="*.woff" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
 <add name="StaticFileModuleWoff2" path="*.woff2" verb="*" modules="StaticFileModule" resourceType="File" requireAccess="Read" />
        <add name="aspNetCore" path="*" verb="*" modules="AspNetCoreModule" resourceType="Unspecified" />           
    </handlers>
    <aspNetCore processPath=".\Project.exe" stdoutLogEnabled="false" stdoutLogFile=".\logs\stdout" />
    <staticContent>
      <remove fileExtension=".woff" />
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".woff" mimeType="application/font-woff" />
      <remove fileExtension=".json" />
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".json" mimeType="application/json" />
      <remove fileExtension=".mp4" />
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".mp4" mimeType="audio/mp4" />
      <remove fileExtension=".ogg" />
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".ogg" mimeType="audio/ogg" />
      <!--local iis no allow below-->
      <remove fileExtension=".less"/>
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".less" mimeType="text/css" />
      <remove fileExtension=".woff2"/>
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".woff2" mimeType="application/font-woff2" />
      <clientCache cacheControlMode="UseExpires" httpExpires="Tue, 12 Jan 2027 03:14:07 GMT" />
    </staticContent>
    <defaultDocument>
      <files>
        <clear />
        <add value="index.aspx" />
        <add value="Default.aspx" />
        <add value="index.html" />
        <add value="Default.html" />
      </files>
    </defaultDocument>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>

作一个 rewrite 还有 handlers 就能够了.

若是要处理 html minify 可使用这个 plugin WebMarkupMin