浅谈Java并发编程系列(五)—— ReentrantLock VS synchronized

ReentrantLock是Java并发包中一个很是有用的组件,一些并发集合类也是用ReentrantLock实现,包括ConcurrentHashMap。ReentrantLock具备三个特性:等待可中断、可实现公平锁、以及锁能够绑定多个条件。html

Java中的ReentrantLock

ReentrantLock与synchronized关键字同样,属于互斥锁,synchronized中的锁是非公平的(公平锁是指多个线程等待同一个锁时,必须按照申请锁的时间顺序来依次得到锁),ReentrantLock默认状况下也是非公平的,但能够经过带布尔值的构造函数要求使用公平锁。线程经过ReentrantLock的lock()方法得到锁,用unlock()方法释放锁。java

ReentrantLock和synchronized关键字的区别

  1. ReentrantLock在等待锁时可使用lockInterruptibly()方法选择中断, 改成处理其余事情,而synchronized关键字,线程须要一直等待下去。一样的,tryLock()方法能够设置超时时间,用于在超时时间内一直获取不到锁时进行中断。并发

  2. ReentrantLock能够实现公平锁,而synchronized的锁是非公平的。ide

  3. ReentrantLock拥有方便的方法用于获取正在等待锁的线程。函数

  4. ReentrantLock能够同时绑定多个Condition对象,而synchronized中,锁对象的wait()和notify()或notifyAll()方法能够实现一个隐含的条件,若是要和多于一个条件关联时,只能再加一个额外的锁,而ReentrantLock只须要屡次调用newCondition方法便可。性能

性能比较

在JDK1.6以前,ReentrantLock的性能要明显优于synchronized,可是JDK1.6中加入了不少针对锁的优化措施,synchronized和ReentrantLock的性能基本彻底持平了。优化

ReentrantLock缺点

ReentrantLock的主要缺点是方法须要置于try-finally块中,另外,开发人员须要负责获取和释放锁,而开发人员经常忘记在finally中释放锁。线程

ReentrantLock和synchronized示例

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * Java program to show, how to use ReentrantLock in Java.
 * Reentrant lock is an alternative way of locking
 * apart from implicit locking provided by synchronized keyword in Java.
 *
 * @author  Javin Paul
 */
public class ReentrantLockHowto {

    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private int count = 0;

     //Locking using Lock and ReentrantLock
     public int getCount() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " gets Count: " + count);
            return count++;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
     }

     //Implicit locking using synchronized keyword
     public synchronized int getCountTwo() {
            return count++;
     }

    

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        final ThreadTest counter = new ThreadTest();
        Thread t1 = new Thread() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (counter.getCount() < 6) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();                    }
                }
            }
        };
      
        Thread t2 = new Thread() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (counter.getCount() < 6) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        };
      
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
      
    }
}

Output:
Thread-0 gets Count: 0
Thread-1 gets Count: 1
Thread-1 gets Count: 2
Thread-0 gets Count: 3
Thread-1 gets Count: 4
Thread-0 gets Count: 5
Thread-0 gets Count: 6
Thread-1 gets Count: 7

Read more: http://javarevisited.blogspot...code

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