ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的实现原理

本章将和你们分享ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的实现原理。

本章将和你们分享ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的实现原理。html

首先咱们须要了解什么是IOC,为何要使用IOC容器?ide

1、依赖

类A用到了类B,咱们就说类A依赖类B。函数

using System;namespace MyIOCDI{ public class Test {  public void Show()  {   MyDependency myDependency = new MyDependency(); //全是细节   myDependency.Show();   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public class MyDependency {  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } }}

上面的示例中,类Test就依赖了MyDependency类。测试

2、依赖倒置原则(Dependence Inversion Principle)

依赖倒置原则:高层模块不该该依赖于低层模块,两者都应该依赖于抽象。应该依赖于抽象,而不是依赖细节。大数据

什么是高层模块?这里的使用者Test类就称为高层模块。什么是低层模块?被使用者MyDependency类就称为低层模块。上面的示例中咱们的高层模块就依赖于咱们的低层模块。网站

那么这样子有什么很差呢?this

  一、面向对象语言开发,就是类与类之间进行交互,若是高层直接依赖低层的细节,细节是多变的,那么低层的变化就致使上层的变化;spa

  二、若是层数多了,低层的修改会直接水波效应传递到最上层,一点细微的改动都会致使整个系统从下往上的修改。线程

所以,上例按照依赖倒置原则修改以下:htm

using System;namespace MyIOCDI{ public class Test {  public void Show()  {   IDepenency myDependency = new MyDependency(); //左边抽象右边细节   myDependency.Show();   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public class MyDependency : IDepenency {  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public interface IDepenency {  void Show(); }}

3、IOC控制反转

控制反转是一种思想,所谓“控制反转”就是反转得到依赖对象的过程。

上面示例通过改造后虽然遵循了“依赖倒置原则”,可是违背了“开放封闭原则”,由于若是有一天想要修改myDependency为YourDependency类的实例,则须要修改Test类。

所以,咱们须要反转这种建立对象的过程:

using System;namespace MyIOCDI{ public class Test {  private readonly IDepenency _myDependency;  public Test(IDepenency myDependency)  {   this._myDependency = myDependency;  }  public void Show()  {   _myDependency.Show();   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public class MyDependency : IDepenency {  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public interface IDepenency {  void Show(); }}

上例中,将 _myDependency 的建立过程“反转”给了调用者。

4、依赖注入(Dependency Injection)

所谓依赖注入,就是由IOC容器在运行期间,动态地将某种依赖关系注入到对象之中。

依赖注入就是能作到构造某个对象时,将依赖的对象自动初始化并注入 。

IOC是目标是效果,须要DI依赖注入的手段。

三种注入方式:构造函数注入--属性注入--方法注入(按时间顺序)。

构造函数注入用的最多,默认找参数最多的构造函数,能够不用特性,能够去掉对容器的依赖。

5、IOC容器的实现原理

IOC容器的实现原理:

  一、启动时保存注册信息。

  二、在构造某个对象时,使用反射加特性,将依赖的对象自动初始化并注入。

  三、对对象进行生命周期管理或者进行AOP扩展等。

下面咱们重点来看下模拟实现IOC容器的代码:

首先来看下项目的目录结构:

此处IOC容器中用到的自定义特性以下所示:

using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 构造函数注入特性 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Constructor)] public class ConstructorInjectionAttribute : Attribute { }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 方法注入特性 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)] public class MethodInjectionAttribute : Attribute { }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 常量 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Parameter)] public class ParameterConstantAttribute : Attribute { }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 简称(别名) /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Parameter | AttributeTargets.Property)] public class ParameterShortNameAttribute : Attribute {  public string ShortName { get; private set; }  public ParameterShortNameAttribute(string shortName)  {   this.ShortName = shortName;  } }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 属性注入特性 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)] public class PropertyInjectionAttribute : Attribute { }}

IOC容器实现以下所示:

using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer{ public class IOCContainerRegistModel {  public Type TargetType { get; set; }  /// <summary>  /// 生命周期  /// </summary>  public LifetimeType Lifetime { get; set; }  /// <summary>  /// 仅限单例  /// </summary>  public object SingletonInstance { get; set; } } /// <summary> /// 生命周期 /// </summary> public enum LifetimeType {  Transient, //瞬时  Singleton,  Scope, //做用域  PerThread //线程单例  //外部可释放单例 }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer{ /// <summary> /// IOC容器接口 /// </summary> public interface ITianYaIOCContainer {  void Register<TFrom, TTo>(string shortName = null, object[] paraList = null, LifetimeType lifetimeType = LifetimeType.Transient)   where TTo : TFrom;  TFrom Resolve<TFrom>(string shortName = null);  ITianYaIOCContainer CreateChildContainer(); }}
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Reflection;using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer{ /// <summary> /// IOC容器 /// </summary> public class TianYaIOCContainer : ITianYaIOCContainer {  #region 字段或者属性  /// <summary>  /// 保存注册信息  /// </summary>  private Dictionary<string, IOCContainerRegistModel> _tianYaContainerDictionary = new Dictionary<string, IOCContainerRegistModel>();  /// <summary>  /// 保存常量的值  /// </summary>  private Dictionary<string, object[]> _tianYaContainerValueDictionary = new Dictionary<string, object[]>();  /// <summary>  /// 做用域单例的对象  /// </summary>  private Dictionary<string, object> _tianYaContainerScopeDictionary = new Dictionary<string, object>();  #endregion 字段或者属性  #region 构造函数  /// <summary>  /// 无参构造行数  /// </summary>  public TianYaIOCContainer()  {  }  /// <summary>  /// 主要在建立子容器的时候使用  /// </summary>  private TianYaIOCContainer(Dictionary<string, IOCContainerRegistModel> tianYaContainerDictionary,   Dictionary<string, object[]> tianYaContainerValueDictionary, Dictionary<string, object> tianYaContainerScopeDictionary)  {   this._tianYaContainerDictionary = tianYaContainerDictionary;   this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary = tianYaContainerValueDictionary;   this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary = tianYaContainerScopeDictionary;  }  #endregion 构造函数  /// <summary>  /// 建立子容器  /// </summary>  public ITianYaIOCContainer CreateChildContainer()  {   return new TianYaIOCContainer(this._tianYaContainerDictionary, this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary,    new Dictionary<string, object>()); //没有注册关系,最好能初始化进去  }  /// <summary>  /// 获取键  /// </summary>  private string GetKey(string fullName, string shortName) => $"{fullName}___{shortName}";  /// <summary>  /// 加个参数区分生命周期--并且注册关系得保存生命周期  /// </summary>  /// <typeparam name="TFrom">要添加的服务的类型</typeparam>  /// <typeparam name="TTo">要使用的实现的类型</typeparam>  /// <param name="shortName">简称(别名)(主要用于解决单接口多实现)</param>  /// <param name="paraList">常量参数</param>  /// <param name="lifetimeType">生命周期</param>  public void Register<TFrom, TTo>(string shortName = null, object[] paraList = null, LifetimeType lifetimeType = LifetimeType.Transient)   where TTo : TFrom  {   this._tianYaContainerDictionary.Add(this.GetKey(typeof(TFrom).FullName, shortName), new IOCContainerRegistModel()   {    Lifetime = lifetimeType,    TargetType = typeof(TTo)   });   if (paraList != null && paraList.Length > 0)   {    this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary.Add(this.GetKey(typeof(TFrom).FullName, shortName), paraList);   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 获取对象  /// </summary>  public TFrom Resolve<TFrom>(string shortName = null)  {   return (TFrom)this.ResolveObject(typeof(TFrom), shortName);  }  /// <summary>  /// 递归--能够完成不限层级的对象建立  /// </summary>  private object ResolveObject(Type abstractType, string shortName = null)  {   string key = this.GetKey(abstractType.FullName, shortName);   var model = this._tianYaContainerDictionary[key];   #region 生命周期   switch (model.Lifetime)   {    case LifetimeType.Transient:     Console.WriteLine("Transient Do Nothing Before");     break;    case LifetimeType.Singleton:     if (model.SingletonInstance == null)     {      break;     }     else     {      return model.SingletonInstance;     }    case LifetimeType.Scope:     if (this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary.ContainsKey(key))     {      return this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary[key];     }     else     {      break;     }    default:     break;   }   #endregion 生命周期   Type type = model.TargetType;   #region 选择合适的构造函数   ConstructorInfo ctor = null;   //标记特性   ctor = type.GetConstructors().FirstOrDefault(c => c.IsDefined(typeof(ConstructorInjectionAttribute), true));   if (ctor == null)   {    //参数个数最多    ctor = type.GetConstructors().OrderByDescending(c => c.GetParameters().Length).First();   }   //ctor = type.GetConstructors()[0]; //直接第一个   #endregion 选择合适的构造函数   #region 准备构造函数的参数   List<object> paraList = new List<object>();   object[] paraConstant = this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary.ContainsKey(key) ? this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary[key] : null; //常量找出来   int iIndex = 0;   foreach (var para in ctor.GetParameters())   {    if (para.IsDefined(typeof(ParameterConstantAttribute), true))    {     paraList.Add(paraConstant[iIndex]);     iIndex++;    }    else    {     Type paraType = para.ParameterType; //获取参数的类型     string paraShortName = this.GetShortName(para);     object paraInstance = this.ResolveObject(paraType, paraShortName);     paraList.Add(paraInstance);    }   }   #endregion 准备构造函数的参数   object oInstance = null;   oInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(type, paraList.ToArray()); //建立对象,完成构造函数的注入   #region 属性注入   foreach (var prop in type.GetProperties().Where(p => p.IsDefined(typeof(PropertyInjectionAttribute), true)))   {    Type propType = prop.PropertyType;    string paraShortName = this.GetShortName(prop);    object propInstance = this.ResolveObject(propType, paraShortName);    prop.SetValue(oInstance, propInstance);   }   #endregion 属性注入   #region 方法注入    foreach (var method in type.GetMethods().Where(m => m.IsDefined(typeof(MethodInjectionAttribute), true)))   {    List<object> paraInjectionList = new List<object>();    foreach (var para in method.GetParameters())    {     Type paraType = para.ParameterType;//获取参数的类型 IUserDAL     string paraShortName = this.GetShortName(para);     object paraInstance = this.ResolveObject(paraType, paraShortName);     paraInjectionList.Add(paraInstance);    }    method.Invoke(oInstance, paraInjectionList.ToArray());   }   #endregion 方法注入   #region 生命周期   switch (model.Lifetime)   {    case LifetimeType.Transient:     Console.WriteLine("Transient Do Nothing After");     break;    case LifetimeType.Singleton:     model.SingletonInstance = oInstance;     break;    case LifetimeType.Scope:     this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary[key] = oInstance;     break;    default:     break;   }   #endregion 生命周期   //return oInstance.AOP(abstractType); //AOP扩展   return oInstance;  }  /// <summary>  /// 获取简称(别名)  /// </summary>  private string GetShortName(ICustomAttributeProvider provider)  {   if (provider.IsDefined(typeof(ParameterShortNameAttribute), true))   {    var attribute = (ParameterShortNameAttribute)(provider.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ParameterShortNameAttribute), true)[0]);    return attribute.ShortName;   }   else   {    return null;   }  } }}

测试用接口以下所示:

using System;namespace MyIOCDI.IService{ public interface ITestServiceA {  void Show(); }}
using System;namespace MyIOCDI.IService{ public interface ITestServiceB {  void Show(); }}
using System;namespace MyIOCDI.IService{ public interface ITestServiceC {  void Show(); }}
using System;namespace MyIOCDI.IService{ public interface ITestServiceD {  void Show(); }}

测试用接口对应的实现以下所示:

using System;using MyIOCDI.IService;namespace MyIOCDI.Service{ public class TestServiceA : ITestServiceA {  public TestServiceA()  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");  }  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");  } }}
using System;using MyIOCDI.IService;namespace MyIOCDI.Service{ public class TestServiceB : ITestServiceB {  public TestServiceB()  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");  }  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");  } }}
using System;using MyIOCDI.IService;namespace MyIOCDI.Service{ public class TestServiceC : ITestServiceC {  public TestServiceC()  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");  }  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");  } }}
using System;using MyIOCDI.IService;using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute;namespace MyIOCDI.Service{ public class TestServiceD : ITestServiceD {  /// <summary>  /// 属性注入  /// </summary>  [PropertyInjection]  public ITestServiceA TestServiceA { get; set; }  /// <summary>  /// 带有别名的属性注入  /// </summary>  [ParameterShortName("ServiceB")]  [PropertyInjection]  public ITestServiceB TestServiceB { get; set; }  public TestServiceD()  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");  }  #region 构造函数注入  private readonly ITestServiceA _testServiceA;  private readonly ITestServiceB _testServiceB;  [ConstructorInjection] //优先选择带有构造函数注入特性的  public TestServiceD(ITestServiceA testServiceA, [ParameterConstant] string sValue, ITestServiceB testServiceB, [ParameterConstant] int iValue)  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}--{sValue}--{iValue}被构造。。。");   _testServiceA = testServiceA;   _testServiceB = testServiceB;  }  #endregion 构造函数注入  #region 方法注入  private ITestServiceC _testServiceC;  [MethodInjection]  public void Init(ITestServiceC testServiceC)  {   _testServiceC = testServiceC;  }  #endregion 方法注入  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");  } }}

使用IOC容器以下所示:

using System;using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer;using MyIOCDI.IService;using MyIOCDI.Service;namespace MyIOCDI{ class Program {  static void Main(string[] args)  {   ITianYaIOCContainer container = new TianYaIOCContainer();   {    //注册    container.Register<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>(); //将ITestServiceA注册到TestServiceA    container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();    container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>(shortName: "ServiceB");    container.Register<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();    container.Register<ITestServiceD, TestServiceD>(paraList: new object[] { "浪子天涯", 666 }, lifetimeType: LifetimeType.Singleton);    ITestServiceD d1 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>(); //建立对象交给IOC容器    ITestServiceD d2 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>();    d1.Show();    Console.WriteLine($"object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2) = {object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2)}");   }   Console.ReadKey();  } }}

运行结果以下:

using System;using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer;using MyIOCDI.IService;using MyIOCDI.Service;namespace MyIOCDI{ class Program {  static void Main(string[] args)  {   ITianYaIOCContainer container = new TianYaIOCContainer();   //{   // //注册   // container.Register<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>(); //将ITestServiceA注册到TestServiceA   // container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();   // container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>(shortName: "ServiceB");   // container.Register<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();   // container.Register<ITestServiceD, TestServiceD>(paraList: new object[] { "浪子天涯", 666 }, lifetimeType: LifetimeType.Singleton);   // ITestServiceD d1 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>(); //建立对象交给IOC容器   // ITestServiceD d2 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>();   // d1.Show();   // Console.WriteLine($"object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2) = {object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2)}");   //}   {    //生命周期:做用域    //就是Http请求时,一个请求处理过程当中,建立都是同一个实例;不一样的请求处理过程当中,就是不一样的实例;    //得区分请求,Http请求---Asp.NetCore内置Kestrel,初始化一个容器实例;而后每次来一个Http请求,就clone一个,    //或者叫建立子容器(包含注册关系),而后一个请求就一个子容器实例,那么就能够作到请求单例了(其实就是子容器单例)    //主要能够去作DbContext Repository    container.Register<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>(lifetimeType: LifetimeType.Scope);    ITestServiceA a1 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    ITestServiceA a2 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a1, a2)); //T    ITianYaIOCContainer container1 = container.CreateChildContainer();    ITestServiceA a11 = container1.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    ITestServiceA a12 = container1.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    ITianYaIOCContainer container2 = container.CreateChildContainer();    ITestServiceA a21 = container2.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    ITestServiceA a22 = container2.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a11, a12)); //T    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a21, a22)); //T    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a11, a21)); //F    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a11, a22)); //F    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a12, a21)); //F    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a12, a22)); //F   }   Console.ReadKey();  } }}

运行结果以下:

至此本文就介绍完了,若是以为对您有所启发请记得点个赞哦!!!

 

Demo源码:

连接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/15xpmWbEDbkm7evpr4iIZNg 提取码:ckes

此文由博主精心撰写转载请保留此原文连接:https://www.cnblogs.com/xyh9039/p/13663808.html

版权声明:若有雷同纯属巧合,若有侵权请及时联系本人修改,谢谢!!!

ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的实现原理
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