怎么避免内存逃逸?golang
在runtime/stubs.go:133
有个函数叫noescape
。noescape
能够在逃逸分析中隐藏一个指针。让这个指针在逃逸分析中不会被检测为逃逸。面试
// noescape hides a pointer from escape analysis. noescape is // the identity function but escape analysis doesn't think the // output depends on the input. noescape is inlined and currently // compiles down to zero instructions. // USE CAREFULLY! //go:nosplit func noescape(p unsafe.Pointer) unsafe.Pointer { x := uintptr(p) return unsafe.Pointer(x ^ 0) }
go build -gcflags=-m
查看逃逸的状况。package main import ( "unsafe" ) type A struct { S *string } func (f *A) String() string { return *f.S } type ATrick struct { S unsafe.Pointer } func (f *ATrick) String() string { return *(*string)(f.S) } func NewA(s string) A { return A{S: &s} } func NewATrick(s string) ATrick { return ATrick{S: noescape(unsafe.Pointer(&s))} } func noescape(p unsafe.Pointer) unsafe.Pointer { x := uintptr(p) return unsafe.Pointer(x ^ 0) } func main() { s := "hello" f1 := NewA(s) f2 := NewATrick(s) s1 := f1.String() s2 := f2.String() _ = s1 + s2 }
执行go build -gcflags=-m main.go
数组
$go build -gcflags=-m main.go # command-line-arguments ./main.go:11:6: can inline (*A).String ./main.go:19:6: can inline (*ATrick).String ./main.go:23:6: can inline NewA ./main.go:31:6: can inline noescape ./main.go:27:6: can inline NewATrick ./main.go:28:29: inlining call to noescape ./main.go:36:6: can inline main ./main.go:38:14: inlining call to NewA ./main.go:39:19: inlining call to NewATrick ./main.go:39:19: inlining call to noescape ./main.go:40:17: inlining call to (*A).String ./main.go:41:17: inlining call to (*ATrick).String /var/folders/45/qx9lfw2s2zzgvhzg3mtzkwzc0000gn/T/go-build763863171/b001/_gomod_.go:6:6: can inline init.0 ./main.go:11:7: leaking param: f to result ~r0 level=2 ./main.go:19:7: leaking param: f to result ~r0 level=2 ./main.go:24:16: &s escapes to heap ./main.go:23:13: moved to heap: s ./main.go:27:18: NewATrick s does not escape ./main.go:28:45: NewATrick &s does not escape ./main.go:31:15: noescape p does not escape ./main.go:38:14: main &s does not escape ./main.go:39:19: main &s does not escape ./main.go:40:10: main f1 does not escape ./main.go:41:10: main f2 does not escape ./main.go:42:9: main s1 + s2 does not escape
其中主要看中间一小段ide
./main.go:24:16: &s escapes to heap //这个是NewA中的,逃逸了 ./main.go:23:13: moved to heap: s ./main.go:27:18: NewATrick s does not escape // NewATrick里的s的却没逃逸 ./main.go:28:45: NewATrick &s does not escape
上段代码对A
和ATrick
一样的功能有两种实现:他们包含一个 string
,而后用 String()
方法返回这个字符串。可是从逃逸分析看ATrick
版本没有逃逸。函数
noescape()
函数的做用是遮蔽输入和输出的依赖关系。使编译器不认为 p
会经过 x
逃逸, 由于 uintptr()
产生的引用是编译器没法理解的。学习
内置的 uintptr
类型是一个真正的指针类型,可是在编译器层面,它只是一个存储一个 指针地址
的 int
类型。代码的最后一行返回 unsafe.Pointer
也是一个 int
。ui
noescape()
在 runtime
包中使用 unsafe.Pointer
的地方被大量使用。若是做者清楚被 unsafe.Pointer
引用的数据确定不会被逃逸,但编译器殊不知道的状况下,这是颇有用的。3d
面试中秀一秀是能够的,若是在实际项目中若是使用这种unsafe包大几率会被同事打死。不建议使用! 毕竟包的名字就叫作 unsafe
, 并且源码中的注释也写明了 USE CAREFULLY!
。指针
中文、数字、英文字母
的字符串