SpringBoot2 实现邮件发送功能

springboot2 实现邮件发送功能,QQ/Gmail/163/126…

我的博客:DoubleFJ の Bloghtml

效果图以下:springboot 实现邮件发送java

技术选型

  • Spring Boot 2.1.3.RELEASE (本来官网推荐 2.1.5.RELEASE,但是搭建途中发现部分注解未生效,故改之)
  • Thymeleaf (用做邮件模板)
  • JDK 1.8

简要讲解

依赖以及配置

这里仍是用的 Spring Boot 来整合,自带了模块依赖git

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

随着 Spring Boot 热度愈来愈大,如今从事 Java 的要是不知道 Spring Boot 的存在那就真的很不该该了。原本只是为了取代繁琐的 EJB,一直发展到了现在无所不在的地步。github

而后在配置文件中进行对应的配置web

server:
  port: 8887

spring:
  mail:
    host: smtp.163.com
    username: ffj0721@163.com
    password: xxxx # 受权码
    protocol: smtp
    properties.mail.smtp.auth: true
    properties.mail.smtp.port: 994
    properties.mail.display.sendmail: DoubleFJ
    properties.mail.display.sendname: Spring Boot Email
    properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable: true
    properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required: true
    properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable: true
    default-encoding: utf-8
    from: ffj0721@163.com

一切就是这样的简单清晰。不一样的邮件个别配置数据不一样,请自行查阅,这里只用 163 作测试。spring

配置了以后咱们开始操刀敲代码,其实只须要调用 JavaMailSender 接口便可,传参实现,已经给咱们封装好了。api

经常使用邮件接口

这里是几个经常使用的邮件接口:数组

package com.example.springbootmail.service;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;

/**
 * 经常使用邮件接口
 */
public interface IMailService {
    /**
     * 发送文本邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     */
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content);

    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc);

    /**
     * 发送HTML邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content) throws MessagingException;

    public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc);

    /**
     * 发送带附件的邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param filePath
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath) throws MessagingException;

    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath, String... cc);

    /**
     * 发送正文中有静态资源的邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param rscPath
     * @param rscId
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId) throws MessagingException;

    public void sendResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId, String... cc);

}

接口实现类注入 JavaMailSender

实现类分别实现上述接口 注入 JavaMailSenderspringboot

/**
 * 发送邮件实现类
 */
@Service
public class IMailServiceImpl implements IMailService {

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    @Value("${spring.mail.from}")
    private String from;

其中 from 就是配置中咱们配置的发送方,直接读取使用。微信

实现发送文本邮件

/**
     * 发送文本邮件
     *
     * @param to
     *          邮件接收方
     * @param subject
     *          邮件标题
     * @param content
     *          邮件内容
     */
    @Override
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom(from);
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(content);
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param to
     *          邮件接收方
     * @param subject
     *          邮件标题
     * @param content
     *          邮件内容
     * @param cc
     *          抄送方
     */
    @Override
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom(from);
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setCc(cc);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(content);
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

如上所示,三个参数的,第一个是你要发邮件的对象,第二个是邮件标题,第三个是邮件发送的内容,第二个 cc 字符串数组就是须要抄送的对象。

实现发送 HTML 邮件

/**
     * 发送 HTML 邮件
     *
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     */
    @Override
    public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        // true 表示须要建立一个multipart message
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

官网 MimeMessageHelper 使用介绍。

实现发送带附件邮件

/**
     * 发送带附件的邮件
     *
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param filePath
     */
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);

        FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
        // 截取附件名
        String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
        helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

这里附件名的截取要按照本身的实际需求来,有人喜欢用 \\,有人喜欢用 /,看具体状况具体分析了。

实现发送正文中有静态资源邮件

/**
     * 发送正文中有静态资源(图片)的邮件
     *
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param rscPath
     * @param rscId
     */
    public void sendResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);

        FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
        helper.addInline(rscId, res);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

其中 rscId 是资源的惟一 id,rscPath 就是对应资源的路径。具体待会咱们看 Controller 调用方法。

实现发送模板邮件

前面说了咱们选择使用 Thymeleaf 做为邮件的模板,那就须要在 POM 文件中加入对应依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

而后在 templates 文件夹下新建 mailTemplate.html 页面,个人内容以下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>spring-boot-mail test</title>
    <style>
        body {
            text-align: center;
            margin-left: auto;
            margin-right: auto;
        }
        #welcome {
            text-align: center;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="welcome">
    <h3>Welcome To My Friend!</h3>

    GitHub:
        <a href="#" th:href="@{${github_url}}" target="_bank">
            <strong>GitHub</strong>
        </a>
    <br />
    <br />
    我的博客:
        <a href="#" th:href="@{${blog_url}}" target="_bank">
            <strong>DoubleFJ の Blog</strong>
        </a>
    <br />
    <br />
    <img width="258px" height="258px"
         src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Folgerjun/materials/master/blog/img/WC-GZH.jpg">
    <br />微信公众号(诗词鉴赏)
</div>
</body>
</html>

这个模板本身 DIY 便可,不过对应填充参数不可弄错。例如我上面的是 github_urlblog_url

Thymeleaf 官网

调用实现

MailController.java

package com.example.springbootmail.controller;

import com.example.springbootmail.service.impl.IMailServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/Mail")
public class MailController {

    private static final String SUCC_MAIL = "邮件发送成功!";
    private static final String FAIL_MAIL = "邮件发送失败!";

    // 图片路径
    private static final String IMG_PATH = "C:/Users/zjj/Desktop/github/materials/blog/img/WC-GZH.jpg";
    // 发送对象
    private static final String MAIL_TO = "folgerjun@gmail.com";

    @Autowired
    private IMailServiceImpl mailService;
    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;

    @RequestMapping("/Email")
    public String index(){
        try {
            mailService.sendSimpleMail(MAIL_TO,"这是一封普通的邮件","这是一封普通的SpringBoot测试邮件");
        }catch (Exception ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return FAIL_MAIL;
        }
        return SUCC_MAIL;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/htmlEmail")
    public String htmlEmail(){
        try {
            mailService.sendHtmlMail(MAIL_TO,"这是一HTML的邮件","<body>\n" +
                    "<div id=\"welcome\">\n" +
                    "    <h3>Welcome To My Friend!</h3>\n" +
                    "\n" +
                    "    GitHub:\n" +
                    "        <a href=\"#\" th:href=\"@{${github_url}}\" target=\"_bank\">\n" +
                    "            <strong>GitHub</strong>\n" +
                    "        </a>\n" +
                    "    <br />\n" +
                    "    <br />\n" +
                    "    我的博客:\n" +
                    "        <a href=\"#\" th:href=\"@{${blog_url}}\" target=\"_bank\">\n" +
                    "            <strong>DoubleFJ の Blog</strong>\n" +
                    "        </a>\n" +
                    "    <br />\n" +
                    "    <br />\n" +
                    "    <img width=\"258px\" height=\"258px\"\n" +
                    "         src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Folgerjun/materials/master/blog/img/WC-GZH.jpg\">\n" +
                    "    <br />微信公众号(诗词鉴赏)\n" +
                    "</div>\n" +
                    "</body>");
        }catch (Exception ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return FAIL_MAIL;
        }
        return SUCC_MAIL;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/attachmentsMail")
    public String attachmentsMail(){
        try {
            mailService.sendAttachmentsMail(MAIL_TO, "这是一封带附件的邮件", "邮件中有附件,请注意查收!", IMG_PATH);
        }catch (Exception ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return FAIL_MAIL;
        }
        return SUCC_MAIL;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/resourceMail")
    public String resourceMail(){
        try {
            String rscId = "DoubleFJ";
            String content = "<html><body>这是有图片的邮件<br/><img src=\'cid:" + rscId + "\' ></body></html>";
            mailService.sendResourceMail(MAIL_TO, "这邮件中含有图片", content, IMG_PATH, rscId);

        }catch (Exception ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return FAIL_MAIL;
        }
        return SUCC_MAIL;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/templateMail")
    public String templateMail(){
        try {
            Context context = new Context();
            context.setVariable("github_url", "https://github.com/Folgerjun");
            context.setVariable("blog_url", "http://putop.top/");
            String emailContent = templateEngine.process("mailTemplate", context);

            mailService.sendHtmlMail(MAIL_TO, "这是模板邮件", emailContent);
        }catch (Exception ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return FAIL_MAIL;
        }
        return SUCC_MAIL;
    }
}

程序运行后若访问 http://localhost:8887/Mail/Email 页面出现邮件发送成功!字样就说明邮件发送已经实现了。

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