R语言列表list函数

列表是R语言中的对象,它包含不一样类型的元素,好比 - 数字,字符串,向量和另外一个列表等。一个列表还能够包含一个矩阵或一个函数做为它的元素。使用list()函数建立列表。函数

建立一个列表

下面是一个例子来建立一个包含字符串,数字,向量和逻辑值的列表对象

# Create a list containing strings, numbers, vectors and a logical values.
list_data <- list("Red", "Green", c(21,32,11), TRUE, 51.23, 119.1)
print(list_data)

当咱们上面的代码执行时,它产生如下结果:索引

[[1]]
[1] "Red"

[[2]]
[1] "Green"

[[3]]
[1] 21 32 11

[[4]]
[1] TRUE

[[5]]
[1] 51.23

[[6]]
[1] 119.1

命名列表元素

列表元素能够给定它们的名字而且可使用这些名称来访问。element

# Create a list containing a vector, a matrix and a list.
list_data <- list(c("Jan","Feb","Mar"), matrix(c(3,9,5,1,-2,8), nrow=2), list("green",12.3))

# Give names to the elements in the list.
names(list_data) <- c("1st Quarter", "A_Matrix", "A Inner list")

# Show the list.
print(list_data)

当咱们上面的代码执行时,它产生如下结果:字符串

$`1st_Quarter`
[1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar"

$A_Matrix
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    3    5   -2
[2,]    9    1    8

$A_Inner_list
$A_Inner_list[[1]]
[1] "green"

$A_Inner_list[[2]]
[1] 12.3

访问列表元素

列表的元素能够经过在列表中的元素的索引来访问。如遇命名列表也可使用名称来访问。string

咱们继续使用在上面例子的列表it

# Create a list containing a vector, a matrix and a list.
list_data <- list(c("Jan","Feb","Mar"), matrix(c(3,9,5,1,-2,8), nrow=2), list("green",12.3))

# Give names to the elements in the list.
names(list_data) <- c("1st Quarter", "A_Matrix", "A Inner list")

# Access the first element of the list.
print(list_data[1])

# Access the thrid element. As it is also a list, all its elements will be printed.
print(list_data[3])

# Access the list element using the name of the element.
print(list_data$A_Matrix)

当咱们上面的代码执行时,它产生如下结果:ast

$`1st_Quarter`
[1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar"

$A_Inner_list
$A_Inner_list[[1]]
[1] "green"

$A_Inner_list[[2]]
[1] 12.3

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    3    5   -2
[2,]    9    1    8

操控列表元素

咱们能够添加,删除和更新列表中的元素,以下图所示。咱们能够增长或删除并且只能添加到列表的末尾的元素。可是能够更新任何元素。class

# Create a list containing a vector, a matrix and a list.
list_data <- list(c("Jan","Feb","Mar"), matrix(c(3,9,5,1,-2,8), nrow=2), list("green",12.3))

# Give names to the elements in the list.
names(list_data) <- c("1st Quarter", "A_Matrix", "A Inner list")

# Add element at the end of the list.
list_data[4] <- "New element"
print(list_data[4])

# Remove the last element.
list_data[4] <- NULL

# Print the 4th Element.
print(list_data[4])

# Update the 3rd Element.
list_data[3] <- "updated element"
print(list_data[3])

当咱们上面的代码执行时,它产生如下结果:date

[[1]]
[1] "New element"

$NULL

$`A Inner list`
[1] "updated element"

合并列表

能够把全部的列表传到一个 list()函数合并多个列表成一个列表。

# Create two lists.
list1 <- list(1,2,3)
list2 <- list("Sun","Mon","Tue")

# Merge the two lists.
merged.list <- c(list1,list2)

# Print the merged list.
print(merged.list)

当咱们上面的代码执行时,它产生如下结果:

[[1]]
[1] 1

[[2]]
[1] 2

[[3]]
[1] 3

[[4]]
[1] "Sun"

[[5]]
[1] "Mon"

[[6]]
[1] "Tue"

转换列表为向量

列表能够被转换为一个向量,以便能用于进一步操纵向量的元素。全部关于向量的算术运算能够在列表被转换为矢量以后被应用。要作到这一点转换,使用unlist() 函数。它以列表做为输入,并产生一个向量。

# Create lists.
list1 <- list(1:5)
print(list1)

list2 <-list(10:14)
print(list2)

# Convert the lists to vectors.
v1 <- unlist(list1)
v2 <- unlist(list2)

print(v1)
print(v2)

# Now add the vectors
result <- v1+v2
print(result)

当咱们上面的代码执行时,它产生如下结果:

[[1]]
[1] 1 2 3 4 5

[[1]]
[1] 10 11 12 13 14

[1] 1 2 3 4 5
[1] 10 11 12 13 14
[1] 11 13 15 17 19
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