class (类)做为对象的模板被引入,能够经过 class 关键字定义类。类简要说明
类的本质是function,是基本原型继承的语法糖。因此,JS中继承的模型是不会被改变的。
类既然是函数,那与函数有何不一样呢?咱们为何要使用类呢?
有时间,先看一下MDN odhtml
首先class关键字,而后是类的名字,其它部分的语法,相似于对象字面量方法的简写形式,但不须要在各元素之间使用逗号分隔。es6
class HelloClass { constructor(greeting) { this.greeting = greeting; } sayGreeting(){ console.log(this.greeting); } } let hello = new HelloClass('Hello'); hello.sayGreeting(); // Hello console.log(hello instanceof HelloClass); // true console.log(hello instanceof Object); // true console.log(typeof HelloClass); // function console.log(typeof HelloClass.prototype.sayGreeting); // function
分析:函数
与之等价的ES5声明this
let HelloClass = (function(){ "use strict"; const HelloClass = function(greeting) { if (typeof new.target === 'undefined') { throw new Error("必须经过关键字new调用构造函数"); } this.greeting = greeting; Object.defineProperty(HelloClass.prototype, "sayGreeting", { value: function() { if (typeof new.target !== 'undefined') { throw new Error("不可以使用关键字new调用构造函数"); } console.log(this.greeting); }, enumerable: false, writable: true, configurable: true }); } return HelloClass; }()); let hello = new HelloClass('Hello'); hello.sayGreeting(); console.log(hello instanceof HelloClass); console.log(hello instanceof Object); console.log(typeof HelloClass); console.log(typeof HelloClass.prototype.sayGreeting);
类表达式能够是被命名的或匿名的。赋予一个命名类表达式的名称是类的主体的本地名称。和function的表达式相似,但不会像函数声名或和函数表达式同样被提高。prototype
/* 匿名类 */ let Rectangle = class { constructor(height, width) { this.height = height; this.width = width; } }; console.log(typeof Rectangle); // function
/* 命名的类 */ let Rectangle = class Rectangle1 { constructor(height, width) { this.height = height; this.width = width; } }; console.log(typeof Rectange); // function console.log(typeof Rectange1); // undefined
在JS中,函数为一等“公民”,能够传入函数,也能够从函数中返回,还能够赋值给变量的值。类也是JS中的一等公民。code
- getter - setter
class Rectangle { // constructor constructor(height, width) { this.height = height; this.width = width; } // Getter get area() { return this.calcArea() } // Method calcArea() { return this.height * this.width; } } const square = new Rectangle(10, 10); console.log(square.area); // 100
const methodName = "sayGreeting"; class HelloClass { constructor(greeting) { this.greeting = greeting; } [methodName]() { console.log(this.greeting); } } let hello = new HelloClass('Hello'); hello.sayGreeting(); // Hello hello[methodName](); // Hello
可计算访问器属性。orm
const propertyName = "greeting"; class HelloClass { constructor() { } get [propertyName]() { return this.greetingStr; } set [propertyName](value) { this.greetingStr = value; } } let hello = new HelloClass(); hello.greeting = 'Hello'; console.log(hello.greeting);
class NormClass { *createIterator() { yield 1; yield 2; yield 3; } } let instance = new NormClass(); let iterator = instance.createIterator(); console.log(iterator.next()); // { value: 1, done: false } console.log(iterator.next()); // { value: 2, done: false } console.log(iterator.next()); // { value: 3, done: false } console.log(iterator.next()); // { value: undefined, done: true }
为类定义默认迭代器。htm
class Collection { constructor() { this.items = []; } *[Symbol.iterator]() { yield *this.items.values(); } } var coll = new Collection(); coll.items.push(1); coll.items.push(2); coll.items.push(3); for (let i of coll) { console.log(i); } // 1 // 2 // 3
class Animal { speak() { return this; } static eat() { return this; } } let obj = new Animal(); console.log(obj.speak()); // Animal {} let speak = obj.speak; console.log(speak()); // undefined console.log(Animal.eat()); // class Animal let eat = Animal.eat; console.log(eat()); // undefined