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在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在服务架构中,业务都会被拆分红一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通信是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另外一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。java
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.git
-----摘自官网github
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,能够很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign也用到ribbon,当你使用@ FeignClient,ribbon自动被应用。web
ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:spring
IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImplapache
IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule浏览器
IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPingrestful
ServerList<Server> ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList架构
ServerListFilter<Server> ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
基于上一节的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-hi工程,它的端口为8762;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改成8763,并启动它,这时你会发现:service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个,这就至关于一个小的集群。访问localhost:8761如图所示:
从新新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon;
它的pom.xml文件以下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.forezp</groupId> <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>service-ribbon</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Dalston.RC1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project>
向服务注册中心注册一个新的服务,这时service-ribbon既是服务提供者,也是服务消费者。配置文件application.yml以下:
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ server: port: 8764 spring: application: name: service-ribbon
在工程的启动类中,经过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;而且注册了一个bean: restTemplate;经过@ LoadBalanced注册代表,这个restRemplate是负载均衡的。
@SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class ServiceRibbonApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args); } @Bean @LoadBalanced RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } }
这时咱们须要测试下,建一个service类:
@Service public class HelloService { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; public String hiService(String name) { return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class); } }
经过restTemplate.getForObject方法,service-ribbon 就能够调用service-hi的方法了。而且在调用的工程中并之须要写服务的名,而不是具体的ip.
写一个controller:
/** * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6. */ @RestController public class HelloControler { @Autowired HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping(value = "/hi") public String hi(@RequestParam String name){ return helloService.hiService(name); } }
访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name...浏览器交替显示:
hi forezp,i am from port:8762
hi forezp,i am from port:8763
这说明当咱们经过调用restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class),获取service-hi的方法时,已经作了负载均衡,访问了不一样的端口的服务。
一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8761
service-hi工程跑了两个副本,端口分别为8762,8763,分别向服务注册中心注册
sercvice-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册
当sercvice-ribbon经过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时,由于用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用service-hi:8762和8763 两个端口的hi接口;
源码下载:https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter2
本文参考了如下:
springcloud ribbon with eureka