Java学习笔记—开源框架Netty的简单使用

1:什么是Netty

Netty是由JBOSS提供的一个java开源框架。Netty提供异步的、事件驱动的网络应用程序框架和工具,用以快速开发高性能、高可靠性的网络服务器和客户端程序。html

Netty是一个基于NIO的客户,服务器端编程框架,使用Netty能够确保你快速和简单的开发出一个网络应用,例如实现了某种协议的客户,服务端应用。java

Netty至关简化和流线化了网络应用的编程开发过程,例如,TCP和UDP的socket服务开发。sql

Netty是一个吸取了多种协议的实现经验,这些协议包括FTP,SMTP,HTTP,各类二进制,文本协议,并通过至关精心设计的项目,最终,Netty 成功的找到了一种方式,在保证易于开发的同时还保证了其应用的性能,稳定性和伸缩性。编程

官网地址:http://netty.io/index.htmlbootstrap

2:Netty的特性

设计浏览器

统一的API,适用于不一样的协议(阻塞和非阻塞)安全

基于灵活、可扩展的事件驱动模型bash

高度可定制的线程模型服务器

可靠的无链接数据Socket支持(UDP)网络

性能

更好的吞吐量,低延迟

更省资源

尽可能减小没必要要的内存拷贝

安全

完整的SSL/TLS和STARTTLS的支持

能在Applet与Android的限制环境运行良好

健壮性

再也不因过快、过慢或超负载链接致使OutOfMemoryError

再也不有在高速网络环境下NIO读写频率不一致的问题

易用

完善的JavaDoc,用户指南和样例

简洁简单

3:Netty基本架构图

Java学习笔记—开源框架Netty的简单使用

4:简单例子(本文中netty的版本是netty-all-4.0.29)

去官网下载jar http://netty.io/index.html 或者可使用maven

io.netty netty-all 4.0.29.Final
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以HTTP协议举例

service代码

package com.demo.http;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; 
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; 
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; 
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; 
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; 
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; 
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder; 
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder; 
public class HttpServer {
 
 public void start(int port) throws Exception {
 EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
 EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
 try {
 ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
 b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
 .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
 @Override
 public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
 // server端发送的是httpResponse,因此要使用HttpResponseEncoder进行编码
 ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpResponseEncoder());
 // server端接收到的是httpRequest,因此要使用HttpRequestDecoder进行解码
 ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpRequestDecoder());
 ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerInboundHandler());
 }
 }).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) 
 .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
 ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
 f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
 } finally {
 workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
 bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
 }
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 HttpServer server = new HttpServer();
 System.out.println("Http Server listening on 8844 ...");
 server.start(8844);
 }
}
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package com.demo.http;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_LENGTH;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.OK;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContent;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Values;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
public class HttpServerInboundHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
 private HttpRequest request;
 @Override
 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
 if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
 request = (HttpRequest) msg;
 String uri = request.getUri();
 System.out.println("Uri:" + uri);
 }
 if (msg instanceof HttpContent) {
 HttpContent content = (HttpContent) msg;
 ByteBuf buf = content.content();
 System.out.println(buf.toString(io.netty.util.CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
 buf.release();
 String res = "www.ccblog.cn";
 FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK,
 Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(res.getBytes("UTF-8")));
 response.headers().set(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain");
 response.headers().set(CONTENT_LENGTH, response.content().readableBytes());
 if (HttpHeaders.isKeepAlive(request)) {
 response.headers().set(CONNECTION, Values.KEEP_ALIVE);
 }
 ctx.write(response);
 ctx.flush();
 }
 }
 public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
 ctx.flush();
 }
 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
 System.out.println(cause.getMessage());
 ctx.close();
 }
}
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客户端访问

第一中执行上面的main方法后 在浏览器里面直接输入

http://127.0.0.1:8844/ 你能够看到 www.ccblog.cn 内容。

第二种采用java编写客户端

代码以下

package com.demo.http;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
import java.net.URI;
public class HttpClient {
 public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception {
 EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
 try {
 Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
 b.group(workerGroup);
 b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
 b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
 b.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
 @Override
 public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
 // 客户端接收到的是httpResponse响应,因此要使用HttpResponseDecoder进行解码
 ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpResponseDecoder());
 // 客户端发送的是httprequest,因此要使用HttpRequestEncoder进行编码
 ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpRequestEncoder());
 ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientInboundHandler());
 }
 });
 // Start the client.
 ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
 URI uri = new URI("http://127.0.0.1:8844");
 String msg = "Are you ok?";
 DefaultFullHttpRequest request = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET,
 uri.toASCIIString(), Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(msg.getBytes("UTF-8")));
 // 构建http请求
 request.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.HOST, host);
 request.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION, HttpHeaders.Values.KEEP_ALIVE);
 request.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_LENGTH, request.content().readableBytes());
 // 发送http请求
 f.channel().write(request);
 f.channel().flush();
 f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
 } finally {
 workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
 }
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
 client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8844);
 }
}
package com.demo.http;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContent;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse;
public class HttpClientInboundHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
 @Override
 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
 if (msg instanceof HttpResponse) {
 HttpResponse response = (HttpResponse) msg;
 System.out.println("CONTENT_TYPE:" + response.headers().get(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE));
 }
 if (msg instanceof HttpContent) {
 HttpContent content = (HttpContent) msg;
 ByteBuf buf = content.content();
 System.out.println(buf.toString(io.netty.util.CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
 buf.release();
 }
 }
}
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