百万PV网站架构案例

时间 2019-11-07

原文原文链接

1、百万pv架构案例概述

PV(page view，页面浏览量)即点击量，一般是衡量一个网站受欢迎程度的主要指标。前端

本案例采用四层模式实现，主要分为前端反向代理层、web层、数据库缓存层和数据库层。前端反向代理层采用主备模式，web层采用集群模式，数据库缓存层采用主备模式，数据库层采用主从模式。每一层都作到了高可用架构，大大提升了业务的稳定性。java

案例架构图以下：实线表示是正常状况下数据流向，虚线表示的是非正常状况下的数据流向。
node

案例环境以下表：mysql

主机角色	ip地址	用途
master	192.168.174.139	前端nginx反向代理主机、redis缓存主机、mysql数据主库
backup	192.168.174.141	前端nginx反向代理备机、redis缓存备机、mysql数据备库
tomcat-node1	192.168.174.142	tomcat服务器
tomcat-node2	192.168.174.165	tomcat服务器

2、安装nginx+keepalived

(1)安装带有nginx rpm软件包的源

rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/\
nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

(2)使用yum安装keepalived跟nginx服务

yum install -y keepalived nginx

(3)修改keepalived.conf配置文件

vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    route_id NGINX_HA     //主服务器id为NGINX_HA，从是NGINX_HB
}

vrrp_script nginx {
    script "/opt/shell/nginx.sh"   //编写脚本，待会建立
    interval 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100  //master优先级要高于backup
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
}

track_script {
    nginx           //触发脚本
}

virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.174.110    //虚拟ip地址
    }
}

(4)建立nginx.shell脚本目录，并编写脚本linux

mkdir /opt/shell
vi /opt/shell/nginx.sh

#!/bin/bash
k=`ps -ef | grep keepalived | grep -v grep | wc -l`
if [ $k -gt 0 ];then
    /bin/systemctl start nginx.service
else
/bin/systemctl stop nginx.service
fi

chmod +x /opt/shell/nginx.sh

从服务器keepalived配置操做跟主服务器操做同样。nginx

(5)编辑nginx.conf配置文件，主从操做同样web

upstream tomcat_pool {
                server 192.168.174.165:8080;  //两台节点服务器地址
                server 192.168.174.142:8080;
                ip_hash;
        }
        server {
                listen 80;
                server_name 192.168.174.110; //虚拟ip地址
                location / {
                        proxy_pass http://tomcat_pool;
                        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                }
        }

(6)检查语法并开启服务redis

nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  //测试配置文件语法
systemctl start keepalived.service    //nginx启动会等待一会

(7)测试keepalived的功能是否正常
主服务器：ip addr

关闭keepalived服务再次查看主服务器，此时虚拟ip地址已经不存在了

切换到从服务器上查看，此时虚拟ip自动漂移到从服务器。

开启主服务器上的keepalived服务，此时虚拟ip再次漂移到主服务器。
sql

3、Tomcat安装

两台节点服务器安装过程同样。shell

(1)解压缩Apache跟jdk，

tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.23.tar.gz
tar xf jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz
cp -rv jdk1.8.0_144/ /usr/local/java

(2)配置jdk环境变量

vi /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jre
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/java/bin
export CLASSPATH=./:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib

source /etc/profile  //让环境变量及时生效

java -version  //查看java版本

(3)建立tomcat开启跟关闭的连接，并开启服务

cp -r apache-tomcat-8.5.23 /usr/local/tomcat8

ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh /usr/bin/tomcatup
ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/bin/tomcatdown

tomcatup
netstat -anpt | grep 8080

(4)测试默认测试页是否正常显示

http://192.168.174.165:8080/  
http://192.168.174.142:8080/

vi /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp //修改默认网页内容

<h1>this is server 142！！</h1>

输入调度器地址，也就是虚拟地址http://192.168.174.110/ ，测试两台节点的调度状况

当down掉165这台主机后，查看页面显示的信息，此时显示的是另一台tomcat服务器的首页

cd /usr/local/tomcat8/conf/

vi server.xml //跳到行尾，在Host name下新增 148

<Context path="" docBase="SLSaleSystem" reloadable="true" debug="0"></Context>
日志调试信息debug为0表示信息越少，docBase指定访问目录

4、mysql安装

(1)yum安装maridb数据库

yum install -y mariadb-server mariadb

systemctl start mariadb.service  //开启服务
systemctl enable mariadb.service  

netstat -anpt | grep 3306   //查看服务是否开启成功

mysql_secure_installation //常规安全设置

Enter current password for root (enter for none): #敲回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

(2)测试mariadb是否可用

mysql -uroot -p  //进入数据库

(3)导入商城数据

mysql -u root -p  < slsaledb-2014-4-10.sql
mysql -uroot -p
show databases;

GRANT all ON slsaledb.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY  'abc123'; //给root用户受权
flush privileges; //刷新

(5)在两台tomcat服务器上搭建网站

tar xf SLSaleSystem.tar.gz -C /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/
//解压商城
cd /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/SLSaleSystem/WEB-INF/classes

vi jdbc.properties //修改数据库IP地址是VRRP的虚拟IP，以及受权的用户名root和密码abc123。
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc\:mysql\://192.168.174.110\:3306/slsaledb?useUnicode\=true&characterEncoding\=UTF-8
uname=root
password=abc123
minIdle=10
maxIdle=50
initialSize=5
maxActive=100
maxWait=100
removeAbandonedTimeout=180
removeAbandoned=true

(6)网站测试

http://192.168.1754.142:8080/   //默认的用户名admin 密码：123456
http://192.168.174.165:8080/

http://192.168.174.110 //输入虚拟地址测试登陆，而且关闭主再测试登陆

5、redis集群

(1)安装epel源

yum install -y epel-release

(2)安装Redis

yum install redis -y

(3)更改redis.conf配置文件

vim /etc/redis.conf
bind 0.0.0.0

从服务器上多以下一行配置

slaveof 192.168.174.139  6379   //主服务器的IP不是虚拟IP

开启服务，检查端口是否开启

systemctl start redis.service
netstat -anpt | grep 6379

(4)进入主服务器数据库，建立数据

redis-cli -h 192.168.174.139 -p 6379
192.168.174.139:6379> set username zhangsan
OK
192.168.174.139:6379> get username
"zhangsan"

(5)进入从服务器，测试是否同步

redis-cli -h 192.168.174.141 -p 6379
192.168.174.141:6379> get username
"zhangsan"     //获取到主服务器建立的数据，说明主从同步成功

(6)在两台tomcat服务器上配置网站连接redis的参数

cd /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/SLSaleSystem/WEB-INF/classes/
 vim applicationContext-mybatis.xml
 <constructor-arg value="192.168.174.110"/>         #47行
                <constructor-arg value="6379"/>    #48行

(7)打开网站页面，点击须要进行数据库调用的操做，并测试缓存是否开启

192.168.174.110:6379> info     //查看缓存是否开启成功
# Stats
...
keyspace_hits:2  //当命中为2时说明缓存开启成功
keyspace_misses:20   //未命中
...

(8)主服务器配置redis主从切换

vi /etc/redis-sentinel.conf
 sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.174.139 6379 1 #1表示1台从(这边的ip地址是主服务器的ip地址)
 sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000   #故障切换时间单位是毫秒

(9)启动集群服务，并查看集群信息

service redis-sentinel start
netstat -anpt | grep 26379
redis-cli -h 192.168.174.139 -p 26379 
192.168.174.139:26379> info    #查看集群信息
# Sentinel
sentinel_masters:1
sentinel_tilt:0
sentinel_running_scripts:0
sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0
sentinel_simulate_failure_flags:0
master0:name=mymaster,status=ok,address=192.168.174.139:6379,slaves=1,sentinels=1   //此时redis主服务器为139这台主机

(10)关闭主服务器redis服务，查看集群信息中的redis主服务器ip是否发生变化

systemctl stop redis.service   #关闭主服务器的redis服务
 redis-cli -h 192.168.174.139 -p 26379 
 192.168.174.139:26379> info 
 # Sentinel
sentinel_masters:1
sentinel_tilt:0
sentinel_running_scripts:0
sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0
sentinel_simulate_failure_flags:0
master0:name=mymaster,status=ok,address=192.168.174.141:6379,slaves=1,sentinels=1  //此时发现Redis主服务器ip地址切换为从redis服务器地址，说明主从redis配置成功

6、mysql主从配置

一、主服务器上的配置

(1)编辑my.cnf配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema
character_set_server=utf8
log_bin=mysql_bin
server_id=1
log_slave_updates=true
sync_binlog=1

(2)开启mysql服务，并查看端口状态

systemctl restart mariadb
netstat -anpt | grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13998/mysqld

(3)进入数据库，查看master状态，

mysql -u root
MariaDB [(none)]>show master status; //记录日志文件名称和 位置值
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB         |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |      473 |              | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.174.%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;

三、从服务器配置

(1)编辑my.cnf配置文件

[mysqld]
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema
character_set_server=utf8
log_bin=mysql_bin
server_id=2    //server_id改成2,表示为是第一台从服务器，为1，表示为是mysql主服务器
log_slave_updates=true
sync_binlog=1

(2)开启mysql服务，查看端口状态

systemctl restart mariadb
netstat -anpt | grep 3306

(3)进入数据库

change master to master_host='192.168.174.139',master_user='rep',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=473;

start slave;
show slave status\G;  //查看slave状态

Slave_IO_Running: Yes   //当都为yes时表示开启成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

(4)测试主从同步

在主服务器上建立checkMysql

MariaDB [(none)]> create database checkMysql;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| checkMysql         |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| slsaledb           |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看mysql从服务器数据库，此时存在checkMysql，说明mysql主从建立成功。

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| checkMysql         |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| slsaledb           |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)