安卓6.0 运行时权限

Android 6.0之前,只有在app第一次安装的时候才会询问用户一次(之后不再询问了),这样很容易致使app安装后给用户带来的危险行为.而在6.0之后，当app须要咱们授予不恰当的权限的时候，咱们能够予以拒绝.

首先强调一点，必须是用

compileSdkVersion >= 23

不然并不须要对权限进行任何处理

举个例子, 点击上面那个button按钮的时候会调用拨打电话这个功能,（）

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
Uri data = Uri.parse("tel:" + "110);
intent.setData(data);
startActivity(intent);

拨打电话这权限是Dangerous Permissions, 若是在6.0之前的系统中,因为用户第一次安装的时候已经默认勾选了全部所须要的权限,因此正常执行. 可6.0后, 由于拨打电话是一个Dangerous Permissions,根据安卓6.0规定,咱们必须对权限进行适配,适配后当用户第一次点击顶部的button按钮后会弹出以上图片的权限申请适配的dialog, 只有用户勾选"容许"选项后才可以直接拨打电话.

新的权限机制更好的保护了用户的隐私，Google将权限分为两类，一类是Normal Permissions，这类权限通常不涉及用户隐私，是不须要用户进行受权的，好比手机震动、访问网络等；另外一类是Dangerous Permission，通常是涉及到用户隐私的，须要用户进行受权，好比读取sdcard、访问通信录等. 

Dangerous Permissions:

group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS group:android.permission-group.PHONE permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.USE_SIP permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR group:android.permission-group.CAMERA permission:android.permission.CAMERA group:android.permission-group.SENSORS permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS group:android.permission-group.LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION group:android.permission-group.STORAGE permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO group:android.permission-group.SMS permission:android.permission.READ_SMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

 

Android 6.0 权限申请权限步骤以下:

1 和之前同样,首先在AndroidManifest 中进行注册;

2 检查权限, 好比上面点击button按钮进行拨打电话时 咱们先检查权限: 

ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
        Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)
        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)

3 申请权限: 

if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
        Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)
        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
{
    // 没有授予权限,进行申请权限
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
            new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE},
            CALL_PHONE);
}else{ // 用户已经申请过了权限,直接拨打电话
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
    Uri data = Uri.parse("tel:" + "10086");
    intent.setData(data);
    startActivity(intent);
}

 

4 申请权限的回调:

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    if (requestCode == CALL_PHONE)
    {
        if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
        {
            callPhone();
        } else
        {
            // 拒绝权限
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
        return;
    }
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

}

 

详细代码:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int CALL_PHONE = 1 ;
    private Button bt;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        bt = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt);
        bt.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                callPhone();
            }
        });

    }


    public void callPhone()
    {
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
        {

            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE},
                    CALL_PHONE);
        }else{
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
            Uri data = Uri.parse("tel:" + "10086");
            intent.setData(data);
            startActivity(intent);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        if (requestCode == CALL_PHONE)
        {
            if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
            {
                callPhone();
            } else
            {
                // 拒绝权限
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
            return;
        }
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

    }
}

 

其实权限适配很简单,就这么几个简单的步骤,不过写起来会比较复杂,有不少重复的代码,这里推荐鸿阳大神的一个开源库 https://github.com/hongyangAndroid/MPermissions.