ES6解构嵌套对象

让咱们先回忆一下ES6的对象解构,本文介绍各类ES6的对象解构用法,你用过哪种?javascript

最基本的解构

在对象中提取某个字段前端

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe'
};
const {name} = user;
console.log(name); //prints: hehe

解构并使用别名

有时接口定义的字段每每带有下划线,但咱们的前端更便好于驼峰式命名,那么可使用别名(rename):java

const user = {
  id: 123,
  nick_name: 'hehe'
};
const {nick_name: nickName} = user;
console.log(nickName); //prints: hehe

解构嵌套对象

有时咱们会遇到嵌套对象,若是咱们了解未足够多时,会写出这种解构:code

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe',
  education: {
    degree: 'Masters'
  }
};

// 假设咱们要提取degree
const {education} = user;
const {degree} = education;

咱们会写两行,一层层的剥开,明显繁琐,若是这个对象有三四层结构那简直没法入目。其实能够用解构一步到位的:对象

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe',
  education: {
    degree: 'Masters'
  }
};
const {education: {degree}} = user;
console.log(degree); //prints: Masters

没错,就是比别名方法多了一个{ }接口

若是没有外层怎么办

假设要解构的数据是由接口返回的,因为某种缘由会致使某个字段丢失。咱们会每每遇到这种意外:ip

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe'
};
const {education: {degree}} = user;  // TypeError: Cannot match against 'undefined' or 'null'.

这时你是否会以为仍是咱们原始的方法好使:io

const education = user || {};
const degree = education.degree;

其实,神奇的解构可让你定义一个缺省值,这样,咱们不只能够达到数据防护的目的,并且告别啰嗦的写法了:console

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe'
};

const {
    education: {
        degree
    } = {}
} = user;
console.log(degree); //prints: undefined

这明显是一股清流啊。ast

更深层次的对象怎么办?

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe'
};

const {
    education: {
        school: {
            name
        }
    } = {}
} = user;  // TypeError: Cannot match against 'undefined' or 'null'.

这里外层对education设置缺省值,但里面的school不存在,依然会报错。
咱们第一种办法就是继续对school设置缺省值为{}:

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe'
};
const {
    education: {
        school: {
            name
        } = {}
    } = {}
} = user;
console.log(name); //prints: undefined

另外一种办法就是直接给education缺省值设置为{school: {}}:

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe'
};
const {
    education: {
        school: {
            name
        }
    } = {school: {}}
} = user;
console.log(name); //prints: undefined

这两种方法看似均可以,但若是要给学校名称school.name一个缺省值呢?若是是第一种方法,会写成这样:

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe'
};
const {
    education: {
        school: {
            name = 'NB'
        } = {}
    } = {}
} = user;
console.log(name); //prints: NB

你数数看,这有多少个“=”号吗?啰嗦得不行,再看第二种方法:

const user = {
  id: 123,
  name: 'hehe'
};
const {
    education: {
        school: {
            name
        }
    } = {
        school: {
            name: 'NB'
        }
    }
} = user;
console.log(name); //prints: NB

这样总体给education设置一个缺省值,可读性更强,这又是一股清流。 在代码中灵活使用解构不只可使代码简洁可读,并且逼格大大提高。

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