C# WPF – 利用“Attached Property” 把 RoutedEvent 接上 ICommand

本文说明怎样把 DoubleClick 链接至 ICommand。方法不少。推荐使用 Attach Property 方式,由于它能把任何 RoutedEvent 接上任何 ICommand。程序员

以前写过一篇博文关于 MVVM 中双击事件触发 ICommand 的办法,我说要么你本身写 Attached Property,要么下载别人写好的,好比支持 Collections 的 CommandBehaviors。我认为这两个办法是比较好的。有网友说我没有解释清楚,由于我以为 Attached Property 有点离题,跟 MVVM 关系不太大。反正有得用就好了。google

下面以 ListView 为例。spa

 

1. InputBindings3d

先不说 Attached Property,看看有什么办法能够把双击绑定到 ICommand。最简单的办法是 InputBindings。code

XAML:orm

<ListView.InputBindings><MouseBinding Gesture="LeftDoubleClick" Command=""/></ListView.InputBindings>

支持 KeyBinding (键盘),和 MouseBinding (鼠标)。能作到,若是只须要管键盘或鼠标,这是比较简单。xml

 

2. 隐形 Button (不建议)blog

我见过第二个办法,隐形 Button, (Visibility=”Collapsed”),ICommand 绑定进去,ListView MouseDoubleClick 在视图创建句柄,由它再触发 Button 的 Command.Execute(object)。事件

XAML:ip

<Button Name="button1" Visibility="Collapsed" Command=""/><ListView  MouseDoubleClick="ListView_MouseDoubleClick"/>

Code:

privatevoid ListView_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) {
    button1.Command.Execute(null);
}

这比较傻,不建议。

 

3. Attached Property

MSDN 有介绍怎样为控件添加新的属性,这里不详细说了。关键是静态方法 Set,和静态 DependencyProperty。(MSDN 说 GET SET 都要,但其实写 XAML 时只用到 SET,后续启动后,你须要拿回属性值才须要 GET)。

先看一下,Attached Property 是怎样写的,热热身:

CODE:

publicstaticclass MyProperty {
    publicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty ParameterProperty = 
        DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
            "Parameter",
            typeof(Object),
            typeof(MyProperty),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null)
        );
    publicstatic Object GetParameter(UIElement obj) {
        return obj.GetValue(ParameterProperty);
    }
    publicstaticvoid SetParameter(UIElement obj, Object value) {
        obj.SetValue(ParameterProperty, value);
    }
}

get、set 参数 UIElement 类型是为了确保全部控件能用它。这 Parameter 没有配置CallBack,这个MyProperty不对值变化作什么动做,也不设置默认值,因此 RegisterAttached 时候 FrameworkPropertyMetadata是 null。

命名规范必须跟从,MSDN 有说明。当你但愿在 XAML 这属性叫作 Parameter 的时候(RegisterAttached 的第一个参数),它的get、set 方法必须命名为 GetParameter 和 SetParameter。编译后 XAML 可用。

XAML:

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:y="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"><Grid><ListView y:MyProperty.Parameter="ABC"/></Grid></Window>

新手记得加上正确的 XML namespace,xmlns:y="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1" 是由于我把MyProperty类放在这 WpfApplication1 项目的最外层。

知道了怎么写 Attached Property 以后,入正题,加入 ICommand。为灵活性,作法是让程序员配置要绑的 RoutedEvent ,和对应要触发的 ICommand 同时做为 DependencyProperty,让程序员本身配置哪一个Event 接哪一个 ICommand。(注:handler 那 Dictionary 的作法,和 Detach Attach 是参考某大神的)。为缩短代码,只写 ICommand 和 Event,没写 ICommand 的命令参数。

(如下代码网上其实不少,也有不少版本,大同小异)

CODE:

 

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace WpfApplication1 {

    publicstaticclass CommandBehavior {

        // UI,Handler Listprivatestatic Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler> handlers =new Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler>();

        #region Command Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty = 
            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
                "Command",
                typeof(ICommand),
                typeof(CommandBehavior),
                new FrameworkPropertyMetadata() {
                    DefaultValue =null,
                    PropertyChangedCallback =new PropertyChangedCallback(OnCommandPropertyChanged)
                }
            );
        publicstatic ICommand GetCommand(UIElement obj) {
            return (ICommand)obj.GetValue(CommandProperty);
        }
        publicstaticvoid SetCommand(UIElement obj, ICommand value) {
            obj.SetValue(CommandProperty, value);
        }

        #endregion#region Event Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty EventProperty = 
            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
                "Event",
                typeof(RoutedEvent),
                typeof(CommandBehavior),
                new FrameworkPropertyMetadata() {
                    DefaultValue =null,
                    PropertyChangedCallback =new PropertyChangedCallback(OnEventPropertyChanged)
                }
            );
        publicstatic RoutedEvent GetEvent(DependencyObject obj) {
            return (RoutedEvent)obj.GetValue(EventProperty);
        }
        publicstaticvoid SetEvent(DependencyObject obj, RoutedEvent value) {
            obj.SetValue(EventProperty, value);
        }

        #endregion#region CallBacksprivatestaticvoid OnCommandPropertyChanged(DependencyObject obj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) {
            UIElement element = obj as UIElement;
            ICommand oldCommand = args.OldValue as ICommand;
            ICommand newCommand = args.NewValue as ICommand;
            RoutedEvent routedEvent = element.GetValue(EventProperty) as RoutedEvent;

            Detach(element, routedEvent, oldCommand);
            Attach(element, routedEvent, newCommand);
        }

        privatestaticvoid OnEventPropertyChanged(DependencyObject obj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) {
            UIElement element = obj as UIElement;
            RoutedEvent oldEvent = args.OldValue as RoutedEvent;
            RoutedEvent newEvent = args.NewValue as RoutedEvent;
            ICommand command = element.GetValue(CommandProperty) as ICommand;

            Detach(element, oldEvent, command);
            Attach(element, newEvent, command);
        }

        #endregionprivatestaticvoid Attach(UIElement element, RoutedEvent Event, ICommand command) {
            if (Event !=null&& element !=null&& command !=null) {
                RoutedEventHandler InvokeCommandHandler =new RoutedEventHandler(delegate {
                    command.Execute(null);
                });
                handlers.Add(element, InvokeCommandHandler);
                element.AddHandler(Event, InvokeCommandHandler);
            }
        }

        privatestaticvoid Detach(UIElement element, RoutedEvent Event, ICommand command) {
            if (Event !=null&& element !=null&& command !=null) {
                RoutedEventHandler handler = handlers[element];
                if (handler !=null) {
                    element.RemoveHandler(Event, handler);
                    handlers.Remove(element);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

 

 

跟以前那个 Parameter 例子很像,只是同一个静态类,作了两个属性,一个叫作 Event,一个叫作 Command。另外,多了一个 Dictionary,还有,此次 Event 和 Command 的变化,都注册了 PropertyChangedCallback 的句柄。最下面的 Attach Detach 的 private 帮助方法,只是重构时从PropertyChangedCallBack 的句柄抽出来而已。

控件、事件、命令,三者是一块儿的组合,某 UIElement 的某 RoutedEvent 触发到某 ICommand 的 Execute。但RoutedEvent 触发的是 RoutedEventHandler 句柄,不是 ICommand。因此这个静态类所作最重要的事,见 private static void Attach(),就是建立新的 RoutedEventHandler,让它执行委托运行 command 的 Execute,而后把准备好 RoutedEventHandler 以后粘上 UIElement,即 AddHandler(RoutedEvent,RoutedEventHandler)。把这搭配,UIElement 和已作好ICommand委托的 RoutedEventHandler,放在 Dictionary,是为了 Detach 时候找回。

要作 Detach 是由于,DependencyProperty 的值是能变化的(上例中是 Event和Command这两个,都能在运行时变),不必定是写死在 XAML,好比 {Binding Path=XXX} 这状况。万一 Command 变了,或者 RoutedEvent 变了,上述作好了的搭配就失效,是须要 RemoveHandler 而后从新组合。因此,PropertyChangedCallBack 所作的,都是先 Detach 旧值(args.OldValue),而后再 Attach 粘上新值(args.NewValue)。无论 Event 变仍是 Command 变,都须要如此。

这静态类的解释到此为止。不复杂。用法以下:

XAML:

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:y="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"><Grid><ListView 
            y:CommandBehavior.Command="{Binding Path=TestCommand}"
            y:CommandBehavior.Event="ListView.MouseDoubleClick"></ListView></Grid></Window>

由于一开始设置了Command 和 Event 的默认值为 null (RegisterAttached 时候的 FrameworkPropertyMetadata 内,DefaultValue),因此 XAML 运行写入值时,值变化触发 CallBack,完成了咱们须要的链接。

最后,改一下 CommandBehavior,让它能接受参数,传过去 ICommand。由于 ICommand 的命令参数类型是 object,因此写的 CommandParameter 类型也是 object。

完整版本 CODE:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace WpfApplication1 {

    publicstaticclass CommandBehavior {

        // UI,Handler Listprivatestatic Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler> handlers =new Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler>();

        #region Command Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty = 
            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
                "Command",
                typeof(ICommand),
                typeof(CommandBehavior),
                new FrameworkPropertyMetadata() {
                    DefaultValue =null,
                    PropertyChangedCallback =new PropertyChangedCallback(OnCommandPropertyChanged)
                }
            );
        publicstatic ICommand GetCommand(UIElement obj) {
            return (ICommand)obj.GetValue(CommandProperty);
        }
        publicstaticvoid SetCommand(UIElement obj, ICommand value) {
            obj.SetValue(CommandProperty, value);
        }

        #endregion#region Event Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty EventProperty = 
            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
                "Event",
                typeof(RoutedEvent),
                typeof(CommandBehavior),
                new FrameworkPropertyMetadata() {
                    DefaultValue =null,
                    PropertyChangedCallback =new PropertyChangedCallback(OnEventPropertyChanged)
                }
            );
        publicstatic RoutedEvent GetEvent(DependencyObject obj) {
            return (RoutedEvent)obj.GetValue(EventProperty);
        }
        publicstaticvoid SetEvent(DependencyObject obj, RoutedEvent value) {
            obj.SetValue(EventProperty, value);
        }

        #endregion#region CommandParameter Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty CommandParameterProperty = 
            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
                "CommandParameter",
                typeof(object),
                typeof(CommandBehavior),
                new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null)
            );
        publicstaticobject GetCommandParameter(UIElement obj) {
            return obj.GetValue(CommandParameterProperty);
        }
        publicstaticvoid SetCommandParameter(UIElement obj, object value) {
            obj.SetValue(CommandParameterProperty, value);
        }

        #endregion#region CallBacksprivatestaticvoid OnCommandPropertyChanged(DependencyObject obj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) {
            UIElement element = obj as UIElement;
            ICommand oldCommand = args.OldValue as ICommand;
            ICommand newCommand = args.NewValue as ICommand;
            RoutedEvent routedEvent = element.GetValue(EventProperty) as RoutedEvent;
            object commandParameter = element.GetValue(CommandParameterProperty);

            Detach(element, routedEvent, oldCommand);
            Attach(element, routedEvent, newCommand, commandParameter);
        }

        privatestaticvoid OnEventPropertyChanged(DependencyObject obj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) {
            UIElement element = obj as UIElement;
            RoutedEvent oldEvent = args.OldValue as RoutedEvent;
            RoutedEvent newEvent = args.NewValue as RoutedEvent;
            ICommand command = element.GetValue(CommandProperty) as ICommand;
            object commandParameter = element.GetValue(CommandParameterProperty);

            Detach(element, oldEvent, command);
            Attach(element, newEvent, command, commandParameter);
        }

        #endregionprivatestaticvoid Attach(UIElement element, RoutedEvent Event, ICommand command, object commandParameter) {
            if (Event !=null&& element !=null&& command !=null) {
                RoutedEventHandler InvokeCommandHandler =new RoutedEventHandler(delegate {
                    command.Execute(commandParameter);
                });
                handlers.Add(element, InvokeCommandHandler);
                element.AddHandler(Event, InvokeCommandHandler);
            }
        }

        privatestaticvoid Detach(UIElement element, RoutedEvent Event, ICommand command) {
            if (Event !=null&& element !=null&& command !=null) {
                RoutedEventHandler handler = handlers[element];
                if (handler !=null) {
                    element.RemoveHandler(Event, handler);
                    handlers.Remove(element);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

 

完整版本的 CommandBehavior 在 XAML 用法:

XAML:

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:y="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"><Grid><ListView 
            y:CommandBehavior.Command="{Binding Path=TestCommand}"
            y:CommandBehavior.Event="ListView.MouseDoubleClick"
            y:CommandBehavior.CommandParameter="TestParameter"/></Grid></Window>

Attach Property 方法介绍到此为止。点击这里下载最终版本的代码

这类简单,用来解释工做原理比较合适。但我以前博文没用这个类,由于以上代码,有一个明显缺陷。源于 Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler> 这样的简单搭配,UIElement 做为 Key。并且 CommandBehavior 这静态类,没有集合暴露给 XAML。这意味着,一个控件,只能设置一次。好比,当一个控件你有两个 RoutedEvent 但愿绑定到两个ICommand,这代码不支持。

为了解决这问题,网上已经有不少人写好了一个叫作 CommandBehaviorCollection 的类(懒到搜索都不想搜的,点击这里),不少不一样的版本,功能其实都同样,让你在 XAML 内一个控件能同时配置多个 Event 和 Command 的组合。这个类就是我在以前博文上用到的那个。我不打算解释里面内容,其工做基本原理,与上述代码一摸同样,只是它暴露了集合让你在 XAML 内填多个组合。

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