paramiko是一个用于作远程控制的模块,使用该模块能够对远程服务器进行命令或文件操做,值得一说的是,fabric和ansible内部的远程管理就是使用的paramiko来现实。其实它的底层是对ssh的上层代码的一个封装node
1、下载安装python
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#pycrypto,因为 paramiko 模块内部依赖pycrypto,因此先下载安装pycrypto
tomcat@node:~$ pip install pycrypto
tomcat@node:~$ pip install paramiko
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2、模块使用linux
(1)基于用户名密码链接两种方式:ios
-->第一种git
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import paramiko
# 建立SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 容许链接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 链接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='root', password='123456')
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ls')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
# 关闭链接
ssh.close()
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-->二种:SSHClient 封装 Transport github
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import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', password='123456')
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
print stdout.read()
transport.close()
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(2)基于公钥密钥链接的两种方式:shell
-->第一种 json
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
# 建立SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 容许链接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 链接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='root', key=private_key)
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
# 关闭链接
ssh.close()
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-->第二种:SSHClient 封装 Transport windows
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', pkey=private_key)
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
transport.close()
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(1)基于用户名密码上传下载:tomcat
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import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21',22))
transport.connect(username='root',password='123456')
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
transport.close()
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(2)基于公钥密钥上传下载:
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', pkey=private_key )
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
transport.close()
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
class SSHConnection(object):
def __init__(self, host='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='root',pwd='123456'):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.username = username
self.pwd = pwd
self.__k = None
def run(self):
self.connect()
pass
self.close()
def connect(self):
transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
self.__transport = transport
def close(self):
self.__transport.close()
def cmd(self, command):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self.__transport
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
return result
def upload(self,local_path, target_path):
# 链接,上传
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(local_path, target_path)
ssh = SSHConnection()
ssh.connect()
r1 = ssh.cmd('df')
print(r1.decode())
#ssh.upload('test.py', "/root/test.py")
ssh.upload('s13_par.py', "/root/s7.py")
ssh.close()
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuid class SSHConnection(object): def __init__(self, host='172.16.103.191', port=22, username='wupeiqi',pwd='123'): self.host = host self.port = port self.username = username self.pwd = pwd self.__k = None def create_file(self): file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) with open(file_name,'w') as f: f.write('sb') return file_name def run(self): self.connect() self.upload('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py') self.rename('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py', '/home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py) self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self,target_path): # 链接,上传 file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(file_name, target_path) def rename(self, old_path, new_path): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 cmd = "mv %s %s" % (old_path, new_path,) stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() def cmd(self, command): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() return result ha = SSHConnection() ha.run()
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# 对于更多限制命令,须要在系统中设置
/etc/sudoers
Defaults requiretty
Defaults:cmdb !requiretty
Demo
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堡垒机执行流程:
注:配置.brashrc实现ssh登录后自动执行脚本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程(前戏)
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操做
# 用户在终端输入内容,并将内容发送至远程服务器
# 远程服务器执行命令,并将结果返回
# 用户终端显示内容
版本一:能连上远程服务器在终端任意输入命令,但没法作到tab键补全命令
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import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import select
import getpass
from paramiko.py3compat import u
tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22,))
tran.start_client()
tran.auth_password('root', '123456')
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
while True:
# 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据
# sys.stdin 处理用户输入
# chan 是以前建立的通道,用于接收服务器返回信息
readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)
if chan in readable:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in readable:
inp = sys.stdin.readline()
chan.sendall(inp)
chan.close()
tran.close()
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版本二:在版本一上增长了命令补全功能和命令记录
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import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import select
import getpass
import termios
import tty
from paramiko.py3compat import u
tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22,))
tran.start_client()
tran.auth_password('root', '123456')
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
# 获取原tty属性
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
# 为tty设置新属性
# 默认当前tty设备属性:
# 输入一行回车,执行
# CTRL+C 进程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊处理。
# 这是为原始模式,不认识全部特殊符号
# 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端,如此设置,将全部的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0)
while True:
# 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket)
# 阻塞,直到句柄可读
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
if chan in r:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
if len(x) == 0:
break
chan.send(x)
finally:
# 从新设置终端属性
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
chan.close()
tran.close()
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版本三:windows、linux通用版本
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import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import getpass
from paramiko.py3compat import u
# windows does not have termios...
try:
import termios
import tty
has_termios = True
except ImportError:
has_termios = False
def interactive_shell(chan):
if has_termios:
posix_shell(chan)
else:
windows_shell(chan)
def posix_shell(chan):
import select
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0)
log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8')
flag = False
temp_list = []
while True:
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
if chan in r:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
if flag:
if x.startswith('\r\n'):
pass
else:
temp_list.append(x)
flag = False
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
import json
if len(x) == 0:
break
if x == '\t':
flag = True
else:
temp_list.append(x)
if x == '\r':
log.write(''.join(temp_list))
log.flush()
temp_list.clear()
chan.send(x)
finally:
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
def windows_shell(chan):
import threading
sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")
def writeall(sock):
while True:
data = sock.recv(256)
if not data:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
break
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.flush()
writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
writer.start()
try:
while True:
d = sys.stdin.read(1)
if not d:
break
chan.send(d)
except EOFError:
# user hit ^Z or F6
pass
def run():
default_username = getpass.getuser()
username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username)
if len(username) == 0:
username = default_username
hostname = input('Hostname: ')
if len(hostname) == 0:
print('*** Hostname required.')
sys.exit(1)
tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,))
tran.start_client()
default_auth = "p"
auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth)
if len(auth) == 0:
auth = default_auth
if auth == 'r':
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)
if len(path) == 0:
path = default_path
try:
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)
except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
tran.auth_publickey(username, key)
else:
pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))
tran.auth_password(username, pw)
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
interactive_shell(chan)
chan.close()
tran.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
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更多参见:paramoko源码 https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko
paramiko是一个用于作远程控制的模块,使用该模块能够对远程服务器进行命令或文件操做,值得一说的是,fabric和ansible内部的远程管理就是使用的paramiko来现实。其实它的底层是对ssh的上层代码的一个封装
1、下载安装
1
2
3
|
#pycrypto,因为 paramiko 模块内部依赖pycrypto,因此先下载安装pycrypto
tomcat@node:~$ pip install pycrypto
tomcat@node:~$ pip install paramiko
|
2、模块使用
(1)基于用户名密码链接两种方式:
-->第一种
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import paramiko
# 建立SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 容许链接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 链接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='root', password='123456')
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ls')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
# 关闭链接
ssh.close()
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-->二种:SSHClient 封装 Transport
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import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', password='123456')
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
print stdout.read()
transport.close()
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(2)基于公钥密钥链接的两种方式:
-->第一种
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
# 建立SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 容许链接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 链接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='root', key=private_key)
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
# 关闭链接
ssh.close()
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-->第二种:SSHClient 封装 Transport
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', pkey=private_key)
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
transport.close()
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(1)基于用户名密码上传下载:
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import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21',22))
transport.connect(username='root',password='123456')
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
transport.close()
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(2)基于公钥密钥上传下载:
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', pkey=private_key )
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
transport.close()
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
class SSHConnection(object):
def __init__(self, host='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='root',pwd='123456'):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.username = username
self.pwd = pwd
self.__k = None
def run(self):
self.connect()
pass
self.close()
def connect(self):
transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
self.__transport = transport
def close(self):
self.__transport.close()
def cmd(self, command):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self.__transport
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
return result
def upload(self,local_path, target_path):
# 链接,上传
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(local_path, target_path)
ssh = SSHConnection()
ssh.connect()
r1 = ssh.cmd('df')
print(r1.decode())
#ssh.upload('test.py', "/root/test.py")
ssh.upload('s13_par.py', "/root/s7.py")
ssh.close()
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuid class SSHConnection(object): def __init__(self, host='172.16.103.191', port=22, username='wupeiqi',pwd='123'): self.host = host self.port = port self.username = username self.pwd = pwd self.__k = None def create_file(self): file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) with open(file_name,'w') as f: f.write('sb') return file_name def run(self): self.connect() self.upload('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py') self.rename('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py', '/home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py) self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self,target_path): # 链接,上传 file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(file_name, target_path) def rename(self, old_path, new_path): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 cmd = "mv %s %s" % (old_path, new_path,) stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() def cmd(self, command): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() return result ha = SSHConnection() ha.run()
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# 对于更多限制命令,须要在系统中设置
/etc/sudoers
Defaults requiretty
Defaults:cmdb !requiretty
Demo
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堡垒机执行流程:
注:配置.brashrc实现ssh登录后自动执行脚本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程(前戏)
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操做
# 用户在终端输入内容,并将内容发送至远程服务器
# 远程服务器执行命令,并将结果返回
# 用户终端显示内容
版本一:能连上远程服务器在终端任意输入命令,但没法作到tab键补全命令
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import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import select
import getpass
from paramiko.py3compat import u
tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22,))
tran.start_client()
tran.auth_password('root', '123456')
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
while True:
# 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据
# sys.stdin 处理用户输入
# chan 是以前建立的通道,用于接收服务器返回信息
readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)
if chan in readable:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in readable:
inp = sys.stdin.readline()
chan.sendall(inp)
chan.close()
tran.close()
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版本二:在版本一上增长了命令补全功能和命令记录
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import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import select
import getpass
import termios
import tty
from paramiko.py3compat import u
tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22,))
tran.start_client()
tran.auth_password('root', '123456')
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
# 获取原tty属性
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
# 为tty设置新属性
# 默认当前tty设备属性:
# 输入一行回车,执行
# CTRL+C 进程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊处理。
# 这是为原始模式,不认识全部特殊符号
# 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端,如此设置,将全部的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0)
while True:
# 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket)
# 阻塞,直到句柄可读
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
if chan in r:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
if len(x) == 0:
break
chan.send(x)
finally:
# 从新设置终端属性
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
chan.close()
tran.close()
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版本三:windows、linux通用版本
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import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import getpass
from paramiko.py3compat import u
# windows does not have termios...
try:
import termios
import tty
has_termios = True
except ImportError:
has_termios = False
def interactive_shell(chan):
if has_termios:
posix_shell(chan)
else:
windows_shell(chan)
def posix_shell(chan):
import select
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0)
log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8')
flag = False
temp_list = []
while True:
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
if chan in r:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
if flag:
if x.startswith('\r\n'):
pass
else:
temp_list.append(x)
flag = False
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
import json
if len(x) == 0:
break
if x == '\t':
flag = True
else:
temp_list.append(x)
if x == '\r':
log.write(''.join(temp_list))
log.flush()
temp_list.clear()
chan.send(x)
finally:
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
def windows_shell(chan):
import threading
sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")
def writeall(sock):
while True:
data = sock.recv(256)
if not data:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
break
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.flush()
writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
writer.start()
try:
while True:
d = sys.stdin.read(1)
if not d:
break
chan.send(d)
except EOFError:
# user hit ^Z or F6
pass
def run():
default_username = getpass.getuser()
username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username)
if len(username) == 0:
username = default_username
hostname = input('Hostname: ')
if len(hostname) == 0:
print('*** Hostname required.')
sys.exit(1)
tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,))
tran.start_client()
default_auth = "p"
auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth)
if len(auth) == 0:
auth = default_auth
if auth == 'r':
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)
if len(path) == 0:
path = default_path
try:
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)
except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
tran.auth_publickey(username, key)
else:
pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))
tran.auth_password(username, pw)
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
interactive_shell(chan)
chan.close()
tran.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
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更多参见:paramoko源码 https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko