Spring Bean 生命周期

前言

Spring Bean 的生命周期在整个 Spring 中占有很重要的位置,掌握这些能够加深对 Spring 的理解。java

首先看下生命周期图:git

再谈生命周期以前有一点须要先明确:github

Spring 只帮咱们管理单例模式 Bean 的完整生命周期,对于 prototype 的 bean ,Spring 在建立好交给使用者以后则不会再管理后续的生命周期。spring

注解方式

在 bean 初始化时会经历几个阶段,首先能够使用注解 @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy 来在 bean 的建立和销毁阶段进行调用:bash

@Component
public class AnnotationBean {
    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AnnotationBean.class);

    @PostConstruct
    public void start(){
        LOGGER.info("AnnotationBean start");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy(){
        LOGGER.info("AnnotationBean destroy");
    }
}
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InitializingBean, DisposableBean 接口

还能够实现 InitializingBean,DisposableBean 这两个接口,也是在初始化以及销毁阶段调用:app

@Service
public class SpringLifeCycleService implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean{
    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycleService.class);
    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleService start");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleService destroy");
    }
}
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自定义初始化和销毁方法

也能够自定义方法用于在初始化、销毁阶段调用:ide

@Configuration
public class LifeCycleConfig {


    @Bean(initMethod = "start", destroyMethod = "destroy")
    public SpringLifeCycle create(){
        SpringLifeCycle springLifeCycle = new SpringLifeCycle() ;

        return springLifeCycle ;
    }
}

public class SpringLifeCycle{

    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycle.class);
    public void start(){
        LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycle start");
    }


    public void destroy(){
        LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycle destroy");
    }
}
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以上是在 SpringBoot 中能够这样配置,若是是原始的基于 XML 也是能够使用:post

<bean class="com.crossoverjie.spring.SpringLifeCycle" init-method="start" destroy-method="destroy">
</bean>
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来达到一样的效果。this

实现 *Aware 接口

*Aware 接口能够用于在初始化 bean 时得到 Spring 中的一些对象,如获取 Spring 上下文等。spa

@Component
public class SpringLifeCycleAware implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycleAware.class);

    private ApplicationContext applicationContext ;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext ;
        LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleAware start");
    }
}
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这样在 springLifeCycleAware 这个 bean 初始化会就会调用 setApplicationContext 方法,并能够得到 applicationContext 对象。

BeanPostProcessor 加强处理器

实现 BeanPostProcessor 接口,Spring 中全部 bean 在作初始化时都会调用该接口中的两个方法,能够用于对一些特殊的 bean 进行处理:

@Component
public class SpringLifeCycleProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringLifeCycleProcessor.class);

    /** * 预初始化 初始化以前调用 * @param bean * @param beanName * @return * @throws BeansException */
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if ("annotationBean".equals(beanName)){
            LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleProcessor start beanName={}",beanName);
        }
        return bean;
    }

    /** * 后初始化 bean 初始化完成调用 * @param bean * @param beanName * @return * @throws BeansException */
    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if ("annotationBean".equals(beanName)){
            LOGGER.info("SpringLifeCycleProcessor end beanName={}",beanName);
        }
        return bean;
    }
}
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执行以后观察结果:

018-03-21 00:40:24.856 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.s.p.SpringLifeCycleProcessor - SpringLifeCycleProcessor start beanName=annotationBean
2018-03-21 00:40:24.860 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.spring.annotation.AnnotationBean - AnnotationBean start
2018-03-21 00:40:24.861 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.s.p.SpringLifeCycleProcessor - SpringLifeCycleProcessor end beanName=annotationBean
2018-03-21 00:40:24.864 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.s.aware.SpringLifeCycleAware - SpringLifeCycleAware start
2018-03-21 00:40:24.867 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.s.service.SpringLifeCycleService - SpringLifeCycleService start
2018-03-21 00:40:24.887 [restartedMain] INFO  c.c.spring.SpringLifeCycle - SpringLifeCycle start
2018-03-21 00:40:25.062 [restartedMain] INFO  o.s.b.d.a.OptionalLiveReloadServer - LiveReload server is running on port 35729
2018-03-21 00:40:25.122 [restartedMain] INFO  o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-03-21 00:40:25.140 [restartedMain] INFO  com.crossoverjie.Application - Started Application in 2.309 seconds (JVM running for 3.681)
2018-03-21 00:40:25.143 [restartedMain] INFO  com.crossoverjie.Application - start ok!
2018-03-21 00:40:25.153 [Thread-8] INFO  o.s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@3913adad: startup date [Wed Mar 21 00:40:23 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-03-21 00:40:25.155 [Thread-8] INFO  o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown
2018-03-21 00:40:25.156 [Thread-8] INFO  c.c.spring.SpringLifeCycle - SpringLifeCycle destroy
2018-03-21 00:40:25.156 [Thread-8] INFO  c.c.s.service.SpringLifeCycleService - SpringLifeCycleService destroy
2018-03-21 00:40:25.156 [Thread-8] INFO  c.c.spring.annotation.AnnotationBean - AnnotationBean destroy
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直到 Spring 上下文销毁时则会调用自定义的销毁方法以及实现了 DisposableBeandestroy() 方法。

号外

最近在总结一些 Java 相关的知识点,感兴趣的朋友能够一块儿维护。

地址: github.com/crossoverJi…

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