有一个功能需求,天天在cacti上爬取昨天一成天的流量图,并将流量图上的min、max、average流量作成表格,用邮件发出。 (python2.7.5)php
一、须要使用的模块html
#!/usr/bin/env python #-*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import time,datetime,cookielib,requests,sys,re,urllib2,urllib,socket,csv,heapq import smtplib import mimetypes import time from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.base import MIMEBase from email import encoders from email.MIMEImage import MIMEImage default_encoding = 'utf-8' if sys.getdefaultencoding() != default_encoding: reload(sys)
二、登录cacti的函数python
def Login1(): socket.setdefaulttimeout(10) global headers headers={} cj = cookielib.CookieJar() global opener opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)) # cacti使用的帐号密码 data = urllib.urlencode( {'action':'login','login_username':'admin','login_password':'123456' }) # 打开cacti主页 page = urllib2.Request("http://100.0.102.3/index.php", data ,headers) # 爬取页面数据 html = opener.open(page).read() # 若是页面数据中有graph_settings.php连接,说明登录成功(返回1),反之登录失败(返回0) if re.findall("graph_settings.php",html): return 1 else: return 0
三、再定义几个须要用到的函数服务器
# 日期转换为时间戳(cacti的图片网址须要指定开始和结束时间) def datetime_timestamp(dt): time.strptime(dt, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') s = time.mktime(time.strptime(dt, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')) return int(s) # 将bit换算成Gbit/Mbit/Kbit(各级相差1000倍,保留2位小数) def tobit(x): if x>=1000000000: return str(round(x/1000000000,2))+'G' elif x>=1000000: return str(round(x/1000000,2))+'M' elif x>=1000: return str(round(x/1000,2))+'K' else: return str(round(x,2))
四、开始抓取图片和csv(以下图,图片右边的蓝色下载箭头就是csv)。cookie
try: # 若是登录成功 if Login1()==1: # 流量图的开始时间,昨天的00:00:00 start_time=str(datetime_timestamp((datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'))) # 流量图的结束时间,今天的00:00:00 end_time=str(datetime_timestamp(datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'))) # 昨天一成天的流量图网址(2687是图片id) url1="http://100.0.102.3/graph_image.php?action=zoom&local_graph_id=2687&rra_id=0&view_type=&graph_start="+start_time+"&graph_end="+end_time # 下载图片,保存到本地 request = urllib2.Request(url1, None ,headers) res = opener.open(request).read() f=open("/myftpdir/2687.png","wb") f.write(res) f.close() # 下载图片对应的csv(用于读取max、min等数值) url2="http://100.0.102.3/graph_xport.php?local_graph_id=2687&rra_id=0&view_type=&graph_start="+start_time+"&graph_end="+end_time request = urllib2.Request(url2, None ,headers) res = opener.open(request).read() f=open("/myftpdir/2687.csv","wb") f.write(res) f.close() # 读取这个csv文件 f=open('/myftpdir/2687.csv','rb') reader = csv.reader(f) # csv保存了每5分钟的平均上传(outbound)和下载(inbound)速率(共288行),生成2个列表来存储全部的上传速率和下载速率 inbounds=[] outbounds=[] n=0 for row in reader: # 该表格的第11行到298行是速率 if n>=10 and n<=297: # 若是数据显示NaN,则表示cacti当时获取数据失败,这种状况不作存储 # csv第1列是时间,第2列是inbound,第3列是outbound if row[1]!='NaN': inbounds.append(float(row[1])) if row[2]!='NaN': outbounds.append(float(row[2])) n+=1 # inbound平均速率=inbounds列表的全部速率总和/列表长度(就是存储的速率个数),并换算单位 inbound_ave1=tobit(float(reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,inbounds)/len(inbounds))) # inbounds列表的最小值 inbound_min1=tobit(heapq.nsmallest(1,inbounds)[0]) # inbounds列表的最大值 inbound_max1=tobit(heapq.nlargest(1,inbounds)[0]) # 一样方法计算outbound的平均速率、最大速率、最小速率 outbound_min1=tobit(heapq.nsmallest(1,outbounds)[0]) outbound_max1=tobit(heapq.nlargest(1,outbounds)[0]) outbound_ave1=tobit(float(reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,outbounds)/len(outbounds)))
五、发送邮件app
# 指定发件人、收件人、标题等 msg = MIMEMultipart('related') msg['From'] = "1111111@qq.com" # 邮件标题按要求作成”X年X月X日报表“ msg['Subject'] =str((datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%Y'))+u'年'+str((datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%m'))+u'月'+str((datetime.datetime.today()-datetime.timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%d'))+u'日报表' msg['To']="111111@qq.com" toaddrs = [msg['To']] msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative') msg.attach(msgAlternative) # 流量图加入邮件正文 fp = open('/myftpdir/2687.png', 'rb') msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read()) fp.close() msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>') msg.attach(msgImage) # 邮件正文,由于要添加图片和表格,因此不能用纯文本格式,改用html格式 msgText = MIMEText(''' <h4>流量图:</h4> <img src="cid:image1"> <br> <table border="1"> <tr> <th>出口</th> <th>最小值</th> <th>平均值</th> <th>最大值</th> </tr> <tr> <th>inbound</th> <th>%s</th> <th>%s</th> <th>%s</th> </tr> <tr> <th>outbound</th> <th>%s</th> <th>%s</th> <th>%s</th> </tr> </table> ''' % (inbound_min1,inbound_ave1,inbound_max1,outbound_min1,outbound_ave1,outbound_max1), 'html', 'utf-8') msgAlternative.attach(msgText) # 链接邮箱服务器 server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect('smtp.qq.com',25) server.ehlo() server.login('111111@qq.com','123456') server.sendmail(msg['From'],toaddrs,msg.as_string()) server.quit() except: # 登录失败 pass
邮件内容: python2.7