WSL+cmder+oh-my-zsh美化win10命令工具（terminal）

时间  2019-11-16
标签 wsl+cmder+oh wsl cmder zsh 美化 win10 win 命令 工具 terminal 栏目 Linux 繁體版
原文   原文链接

最近在win10下面搭建了一个 WSL+cmder+oh-my-zsh 的程序员命令行环境，为何呢？还不是买不起mac，加上本身的黑苹果瘫了，全部又回到了win10上面。不过上面无论是Cmd仍是PowerShell都是难看的要死要死的，并且不少命令不支持，因此有了这一次的实践。前端

更新于2019年9月28日

以前咱们使用的是 cmder 这个工具。node

在 windows 1903 以及之后的版本中，能够直接使用windows自带的 windows terminal ，能够直接从windwos 10 的应用商店里面下载。这个比 cmder 用起来更加的便捷。linux

检查window版本： windows + R 后 输入 winvergit

安装 windows terminal 之后咱们能够本身去配置 terminal 的样式。 程序员

CMD
powershell
ubuntu

修改配置以下，其中 #XXX 为注释github

{
    "$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
    "globals" : 
    {
        "alwaysShowTabs" : true,
        "copyOnSelect" : true,
        "defaultProfile" : "{c6eaf9f4-32a7-5fdc-b5cf-066e8a4b1e40}", #默认的终端，点击+号
        "initialCols" : 120,
        "initialRows" : 30,
        "keybindings" : 
        [
            {
                "command" : "closePane",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+w"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "copy",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+c"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "duplicateTab",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+d"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTab",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+t"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTabProfile0",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+1"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTabProfile1",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+2"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTabProfile2",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+3"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTabProfile3",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+4"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTabProfile4",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+5"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTabProfile5",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+6"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTabProfile6",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+7"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTabProfile7",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+8"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "newTabProfile8",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+9"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "nextTab",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+tab"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "openNewTabDropdown",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+space"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "openSettings",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+,"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "paste",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+v"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "prevTab",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+tab"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "scrollDown",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+down"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "scrollDownPage",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+pgdn"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "scrollUp",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+up"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "scrollUpPage",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+shift+pgup"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "switchToTab0",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+alt+1"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "switchToTab1",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+alt+2"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "switchToTab2",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+alt+3"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "switchToTab3",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+alt+4"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "switchToTab4",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+alt+5"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "switchToTab5",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+alt+6"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "switchToTab6",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+alt+7"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "switchToTab7",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+alt+8"
                ]
            },
            {
                "command" : "switchToTab8",
                "keys" : 
                [
                    "ctrl+alt+9"
                ]
            }
        ],
        "requestedTheme" : "system",
        "showTabsInTitlebar" : true,
        "showTerminalTitleInTitlebar" : true,
        "wordDelimiters" : " ./\\()\"'-:,.;<>~!@#$%^&*|+=[]{}~?\u2502"
    },
    "profiles" : 
    [
        {
            "acrylicOpacity" : 0.5,
            "backgroundImage": "C://Users//Administrator//Pictures//Saved Pictures//2.jpg", #背景图片
            "backgroundImageOpacity" : 0.6, #背景透明度
            "background" : "#012456",
            "closeOnExit" : true,
            "colorScheme" : "Campbell",
            "commandline" : "powershell.exe",
            "cursorColor" : "#FFFFFF",
            "cursorShape" : "bar",
            "fontFace" : "Cascadia Code", #字体
            "fontSize" : 12,
            "guid" : "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}", #终端惟一编号
            "historySize" : 9001,
            "icon" : "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png",
            "name" : "Windows PowerShell", #启动的终端
            "padding" : "0, 0, 0, 0",
            "snapOnInput" : true,
            "startingDirectory" : "%USERPROFILE%",
            "useAcrylic" : false,
            "tabTitle" : "Powershell"
        },
        {
            "acrylicOpacity" : 0.75,
            "backgroundImage": "C://Users//Administrator//Pictures//Saved Pictures//1.jpg",
            "backgroundImageOpacity" : 0.6,
            "closeOnExit" : true,
            "colorScheme" : "Campbell",
            "commandline" : "cmd.exe",
            "cursorColor" : "#FFFFFF",
            "cursorShape" : "bar",
            "fontFace" : "Cascadia Code",
            "fontSize" : 12,
            "guid" : "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
            "historySize" : 9001,
            "icon" : "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}.png",
            "name" : "cmd",
            "padding" : "0, 0, 0, 0",
            "snapOnInput" : true,
            "startingDirectory" : "%USERPROFILE%",
            "useAcrylic" : true
        },
        {
            "acrylicOpacity" : 0.59999999999999998,
            "closeOnExit" : false,
            "colorScheme" : "Vintage",
            "commandline" : "Azure",
            "connectionType" : "{d9fcfdfa-a479-412c-83b7-c5640e61cd62}",
            "cursorColor" : "#FFFFFF",
            "cursorShape" : "bar",
            "fontFace" : "Cascadia Code",
            "fontSize" : 12,
            "guid" : "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
            "historySize" : 9001,
            "icon" : "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}.png",
            "name" : "Azure Cloud Shell",
            "padding" : "0, 0, 0, 0",
            "snapOnInput" : true,
            "startingDirectory" : "%USERPROFILE%",
            "useAcrylic" : true
        },
        {
            "acrylicOpacity" : 0.5,
            "backgroundImage": "C://Users//Administrator//Pictures//Saved Pictures//3.jpg",
            "backgroundImageOpacity" : 0.4,
            "guid": "{c6eaf9f4-32a7-5fdc-b5cf-066e8a4b1e40}",
            "name": "Ubuntu-18.04",
            "closeOnExit" : true,
            "colorScheme" : "Campbell",
            "cursorColor" : "#FFFFFF",
            "cursorShape" : "bar",
            "fontFace" : "Cascadia Code",
            "fontSize" : 12,
            "source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl",
            "padding" : "0, 0, 0, 0",
            "snapOnInput" : true,
            "historySize" : 9001,
            "tabTitle" : "Ubuntu (WSL)",
            "useAcrylic" : false
        }
    ],
    "schemes" : 
    [
        {
            "background" : "#0C0C0C",
            "black" : "#0C0C0C",
            "blue" : "#0037DA",
            "brightBlack" : "#767676",
            "brightBlue" : "#3B78FF",
            "brightCyan" : "#61D6D6",
            "brightGreen" : "#16C60C",
            "brightPurple" : "#B4009E",
            "brightRed" : "#E74856",
            "brightWhite" : "#F2F2F2",
            "brightYellow" : "#F9F1A5",
            "cyan" : "#3A96DD",
            "foreground" : "#CCCCCC",
            "green" : "#13A10E",
            "name" : "Campbell",
            "purple" : "#881798",
            "red" : "#C50F1F",
            "white" : "#CCCCCC",
            "yellow" : "#C19C00"
        },
        {
            "background" : "#000000",
            "black" : "#000000",
            "blue" : "#000080",
            "brightBlack" : "#808080",
            "brightBlue" : "#0000FF",
            "brightCyan" : "#00FFFF",
            "brightGreen" : "#00FF00",
            "brightPurple" : "#FF00FF",
            "brightRed" : "#FF0000",
            "brightWhite" : "#FFFFFF",
            "brightYellow" : "#FFFF00",
            "cyan" : "#008080",
            "foreground" : "#C0C0C0",
            "green" : "#008000",
            "name" : "Vintage",
            "purple" : "#800080",
            "red" : "#800000",
            "white" : "#C0C0C0",
            "yellow" : "#808000"
        },
        {
            "background" : "#282C34",
            "black" : "#282C34",
            "blue" : "#61AFEF",
            "brightBlack" : "#5A6374",
            "brightBlue" : "#61AFEF",
            "brightCyan" : "#56B6C2",
            "brightGreen" : "#98C379",
            "brightPurple" : "#C678DD",
            "brightRed" : "#E06C75",
            "brightWhite" : "#DCDFE4",
            "brightYellow" : "#E5C07B",
            "cyan" : "#56B6C2",
            "foreground" : "#DCDFE4",
            "green" : "#98C379",
            "name" : "One Half Dark",
            "purple" : "#C678DD",
            "red" : "#E06C75",
            "white" : "#DCDFE4",
            "yellow" : "#E5C07B"
        },
        {
            "background" : "#FAFAFA",
            "black" : "#383A42",
            "blue" : "#0184BC",
            "brightBlack" : "#4F525D",
            "brightBlue" : "#61AFEF",
            "brightCyan" : "#56B5C1",
            "brightGreen" : "#98C379",
            "brightPurple" : "#C577DD",
            "brightRed" : "#DF6C75",
            "brightWhite" : "#FFFFFF",
            "brightYellow" : "#E4C07A",
            "cyan" : "#0997B3",
            "foreground" : "#383A42",
            "green" : "#50A14F",
            "name" : "One Half Light",
            "purple" : "#A626A4",
            "red" : "#E45649",
            "white" : "#FAFAFA",
            "yellow" : "#C18301"
        },
        {
            "background" : "#002B36",
            "black" : "#073642",
            "blue" : "#268BD2",
            "brightBlack" : "#002B36",
            "brightBlue" : "#839496",
            "brightCyan" : "#93A1A1",
            "brightGreen" : "#586E75",
            "brightPurple" : "#6C71C4",
            "brightRed" : "#CB4B16",
            "brightWhite" : "#FDF6E3",
            "brightYellow" : "#657B83",
            "cyan" : "#2AA198",
            "foreground" : "#839496",
            "green" : "#859900",
            "name" : "Solarized Dark",
            "purple" : "#D33682",
            "red" : "#DC322F",
            "white" : "#EEE8D5",
            "yellow" : "#B58900"
        },
        {
            "background" : "#FDF6E3",
            "black" : "#073642",
            "blue" : "#268BD2",
            "brightBlack" : "#002B36",
            "brightBlue" : "#839496",
            "brightCyan" : "#93A1A1",
            "brightGreen" : "#586E75",
            "brightPurple" : "#6C71C4",
            "brightRed" : "#CB4B16",
            "brightWhite" : "#FDF6E3",
            "brightYellow" : "#657B83",
            "cyan" : "#2AA198",
            "foreground" : "#657B83",
            "green" : "#859900",
            "name" : "Solarized Light",
            "purple" : "#D33682",
            "red" : "#DC322F",
            "white" : "#EEE8D5",
            "yellow" : "#B58900"
        }
    ]
}
复制代码

上面咱们用到了 Cascadia Code 字体。这里在推荐一下这个字体，这个月微软为编程人员出的一款字体，用起来简直舒服。 下载地址shell

安装WSL

win10系统须要更新到1067及其之后的版本，而且是64位的系统才能够安装。相信作开发的都是64位系统吧。npm

win10打开程序和功能 编程

勾选适用于系统的Linux的子系统，而后重启系统。
重启之后，此时咱们已经可使用Linux系统，可是咱们还差一个系统，因此须要安装一个

咱们在win10应用商店里面搜索linux，安装Ubuntu。 json

安装完成后在开始菜单里面找到程序，启动。

刚开始的时候须要等一下，在配置环境。完成后须要设置用户名以及密码。

安装cmder

cmder有两个版本，Mini版与完整版（包含了git以及一些其余的命令）。推荐安装完整版。 安装完成后打开，咱们须要进行配置一下

如上图，在tasks中添加一个task

  • 名字为Ubuntu，这个名字随便你
  • 下面的大框里面set "PATH=%ConEmuBaseDirShort%\wsl;%PATH%" & %ConEmuBaseDirShort%\conemu-cyg-64.exe --wsl --distro-guid={9df562ee-848c-4af4-ab4e-aedad54ceba9} -cur_console:pm:/mnt。这里面的9df562ee-848c-4af4-ab4e-aedad54ceba9指的是Ubuntu的惟一标识符，若是重装了子系统，那么这个标识符实惠变得。能够在在注册表(regedit)中查找 计算机\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Lxss。win+R搜索regedit。

在常规里面设置刚刚的名字为默认的启动项。若是你要打开其余的，好比cmd，能够点窗口右下角的 +，里面有全部的配置。

安装oh-my-zsh

在Ubuntu系统中使用命令行而不是win中

安装任何包以前必定要先更新！ sudo apt-get update

安装zsh sudo apt-get install zsh

安装oh-my-zsh sh -c "$(wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"

安装成功

若是 遇到证书相似问题 apt-get install ca-certificates

自动启动zsh vim ~/.bashrc或者nano ~/.bashrc（推荐使用）打开编辑.bashrc文件，添加如下内容：

if test -t 1; then
    exec zsh
fi
复制代码

若是你使用的是vim ~/.bashrc，编辑后使用:wq退出。

若是你使用的是nano ~/.bashrc，使用Ctrl+Shift+X保存并退出。

修改主题：

nano ~/.zshrc

# 主题名字ys，你能够搜索其余的主题使用，ys挺好的
ZSH_THEME="ys"
复制代码

修改之后保存。

终端字体补全 sudo apt-get install fonts-powerline

客户端字体补全 注意： 有些字符在windows 上没法显示，因此须要安装字体 nerdfonts.com，选择 Hack

修改cmder字体为

固然，你也能够设置为其余你认为好看的字体。

这个是个人配置的最后的效果，还设置了透明度以及背景什么的，大家也能够本身进行配置。

在VSCode上使用WSL

因为博主是作前端开发的，用的是VSCode因此这里说一下，怎么在VSCode上面使用。

在VSCode的设置文件中添加这一句

"terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32\\\\wsl.exe",
复制代码

若是须要使用node，npm等工具，WSL里面是不可以直接使用windows自带的这些环境变量的，咱们须要在WSL中安装，具体的安装方法能够google--Ubuntu安装软件

说在结尾

以前说的字体fonts-powerline，Hack Nerd Font Mono这个字体，其实仍是挺好看的，你们可使用，包括在PC上面也能够。这个字体可使用Git下载https://github.com/powerline/fonts，不过这个实在是有点慢，这里我已经下载下来放在了这里。

下载下来之后使用PowerShell，到字体目录下，运行如下命令

.\install.ps1
复制代码

可能会遇到报错，此时先执行set-Executionpolicy Remotesigned

image

关于启动时候报错 有时候咱们启动子系统的时候会报错，错误代码：0x800703fa

具体错误内容：WslRegisterDistribution failed with error: 0x800703fa

此时win+R在运行窗口中执行“services.msc”指令，在本地服务中重启 LxssManager 服务便可

参考文献

[1]. segmentfault.com/a/119000001… [2]. blog.joaograssi.com/windows-sub…

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