操做 | In Place | Rebuilds Table | Concurrent DML | Only Modifies Metadata | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
add/create secondary index | yes | No | yes* | no | 当表上有FULLTEXT索引除外,须要锁表,阻塞写 |
drop index | yes | no | yes | yes | - |
add fulltext index | yes | no | no | no | - |
add primary key | yes* | yes | yes | no | 即便in-place,但须要copy data,不过效率比copy方式高 |
drop primary key | no | yes | no | no | 即便in-place,但须要copy data,不过效率比copy方式高 |
Dropping a primary key and adding another | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | - |
add column | yes | yes | yes* | no | 自增列阻塞写 |
drop column | yes | yes | yes | no | - |
Rename a column | yes | no | yes* | yes | 只改变列名不改变类型才支持写 |
Reorder columns | yes | yes | yes | no | - |
Set default value for a column | yes | no | yes | yes | - |
Change data type of column | no | yes | no | no | - |
Dropping the column default value | yes | no | yes | yes | - |
Changing the auto-increment value | yes | no | yes | no* | 修改时内存值不是数据文件 |
Making a column NULL | yes | yes | yes | no | - |
Making a column NOT NULL | yes | yes | yes | no | - |
Modifying the definition of an ENUM or SET column | yes | no | yes | yes | - |
Adding a foreign key constraint | yes* | no | yes | yes | INPLACE只有在foreign_key_checks=off |
Dropping a foreign key constraint | yes | no | yes | yes | - |
Changing the ROW_FORMAT | yes | yes | yes | no | — |
Changing the KEY_BLOCK_SIZE | yes | yes | yes | no | — |
Convert character set | no | yes | no | no | - |
optimize table | yes* | yes | yes | no | 从5.6.17支持in-place,但当带有fulltext index的表用copy table方式而且阻塞写 |
alter table...engine=innodb | yes* | yes | yes | no | 从5.6.17支持in-place,当带有fulltext index的表用copy table方式而且阻塞写 |
Renaming a table | yes | no | yes | yes | - |
操做 | In Place | Rebuilds Table | Concurrent DML | Only Modifies Metadata | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Renaming an index | yes | no | yes | yes | 5.7新增 |
Adding a SPATIAL index | Yes | No | No | No | 5.7新增 |
Extending VARCHAR column size | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5.7新增,只能在[0-255],[256-~]字节区间扩大 |
一、扩展varchar长度测试算法
1.1)varchar从大变小session
操做 | In Place | Rebuilds Table | Concurrent DML | Only Modifies Metadata | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
varchar从大变小 | no | yes | no | no | 阻塞DML |
1.2) varchar从小变大测试
对于大小为0到255字节的VARCHAR列,须要一个长度字节来编码该值。对于大小为256或更多的字节的VARCHAR列,须要两个长度字节。 所以,in-place算法更改表只支持将VARCHAR列的大小从0字节增长到255字节,或者从256字节增长到更大的值。 in-place算法不支持将VARCHAR列的大小从小于256字节增长到等于或大于256字节的大小,由于在这种状况下,所需长度字节的数量从1变化到2,只能经过copy方式实现。 好比将VARARAR(255字节)更改成VARCHAR(256字节),只能copy算法而且阻塞写
-------------------测试---------------------
```
说明:采用utf8,若是存中文字符,一个字符须要3个字节,所以255字节对应最大字符数是varchar(85),也就是[0-255]对应varchar(0-85),[256-~]对应varchar(86-~)ui
表结构:
create table varchar_test(
c1 varchar(1) not null default '0'
);this
1)采用online方式,扩大到85字符---支持 alter table varchar_test change c1 c1 varchar(85) not null default '0',ALGORITHM=INPLACE, LOCK=NONE; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 2)采用online方式,扩大到86字符---不支持 alter table varchar_test change c1 c1 varchar(86) not null default '0',ALGORITHM=INPLACE, LOCK=NONE; ERROR 1846 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not supported. Reason: Cannot change column type INPLACE. Try ALGORITHM=COPY. 3)采用copy方式 alter table varchar_test change c1 c1 varchar(86) not null default '0',ALGORITHM=copy; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 4)采用online方式,从86扩大到259字符---支持 alter table varchar_test change c1 c1 varchar(259) not null default '0',ALGORITHM=INPLACE, LOCK=NONE; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
## 3、8.0版本online DDL(仅列出与5.7不一样的地方) Operation| Instant |In Place| Rebuilds Table| Permits Concurrent DML| Only Modifies Metadata|desc ---|---|---|---|---|---|---| add column|yes*|yes|yes|yes*|no|自增列阻塞写 modify index type|yes|yes|no|yes|yes|- **三、实现原理**
目标表T1上MDL(SHARED_NO_WRITE),阻塞全部写操做 判断是否符合在线加字段的条件,如符合,执行步骤3,不然按照官方方式来新增字段。 建立跟目标表T1同构的临时表frm文件S1.frm(含新增字段) 目标表T1的字典锁升级为排它锁,全部关于T1表的全部读写操做被阻塞 修改T1表InnoDB内部数据字典信息,增长新字段。 将S1.frm重命名为T1.frm 释放表T1的字典锁
**二、支持instant的ddl**
Change index option
Rename table (in ALTER way)
SET/DROP DEFAULT
MODIFY COLUMN
Add/drop virtual columns
Add columns– We call this instant ADD COLUMN编码
**四、使用最新算法instant条件:**
1)不能合并写到其余不支持instant算法的alter 语句后面;code
alter table sbtest1 add index idx_2(k),add c5 varchar(10) not null default '0' ,ALGORITHM=instant;
ERROR 1845 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INSTANT is not supported for this operation. Try ALGORITHM=COPY/INPLACE.orm
2) 不支持before和after关键字,只能默认的加到最后一列;blog
alter table sbtest1 add c2 varchar(10) not null default '0';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0索引
alter table sbtest1 add c4 varchar(10) not null default '0' after id;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (26.42 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
alter table sbtest1 add c5 varchar(10) not null default '0' after id,ALGORITHM=instant;
ERROR 1845 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INSTANT is not supported for this operation. Try ALGORITHM=COPY/INPLACE.
3)不支持ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED类型的表;
root:sbtest> show table status like 'sbtest1'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Name: sbtest1
Engine: InnoDB
Version: 10
Row_format: Compressed
Rows: 9906340
Avg_row_length: 73
Data_length: 724033536
Max_data_length: 0
Index_length: 101171200
Data_free: 3145728
Auto_increment: 20000020
Create_time: 2018-10-21 15:48:22
Update_time: NULL
Check_time: NULL
Collation: utf8_general_ci
Checksum: NULL
Create_options: max_rows=100000000 row_format=COMPRESSED
Comment:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
root:sbtest>
root:sbtest> alter table sbtest1 add c5 varchar(10) not null default '0',ALGORITHM=instant;
ERROR 1845 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INSTANT is not supported for this operation. Try ALGORITHM=COPY/INPLACE.
root:sbtest>
4)表上有FULLTEXT index,不支持instant算法;
5)不支持临时表加字段;
6)若是表上存在大事务,instant也会被阻塞
## 6、官方online ddl限制  **一、大事务可能引发MDL锁(即便是8.0.12 instant方式也是须要获取MDL锁的)**
session 1:
alter table sbtest1 ALGORITHM=INPLACE,drop column c2 ;
session2:写入事务未提交
set autocommit=0;
begin;
insert into sbtest1(c) values("session2"); --当执行后,session 1将被阻塞,状态有alter table -->Waiting for table metadata lock
session3:
insert into sbtest1(c) values("session2"); --被阻塞
结论发现:
dbadmin:sbtest> show processlist;
+----------+---------+-----------+--------+---------+------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----------+---------+-----------+--------+---------+------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 78213439 | dbadmin | localhost | sbtest | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
| 78213440 | root | localhost | sbtest | Query | 1763 | Waiting for table metadata lock | alter table sbtest1 ALGORITHM=INPLACE,drop column c2 |
| 78213441 | dbadmin | localhost | sbtest | Query | 1373 | Waiting for table metadata lock | insert into sbtest1(c) values("darren") |
```
通过漫长的时间,发现session2 插入语句被回滚了(由于客户端链接超过30分钟断开致使未提交的事务自动回滚),session 1和session 3执行成功。
二、online ddl没法暂停和进度监控
三、online ddl大表可能致使从库延迟严重