关于PHP加速eAccelerator、Xcache、APC和Zend Optimizer

之前只关注过Zend Optimizer,由于高胖子的书就是这样教的,可是遇到奇葩公司的面试题提问你知道多少个php加速器/缓存,我一会儿楞了,由于我所知道的php5.2.x只用过Zend Optimizer,并且加密过的php程序只能在Zend Optimizer下面运行。可是php5.3.x以上版本,Zend Optimizer支持不了了,更别提eAccelerator、Xcache、APC。Zend guard loader能够支持php5.3.x以上版本,并且最新的php5.5.x版本,官网说内置了Zend guard,因此更不要phper关注加速器了。既然遇到这样的问题,也从网上总结了一下东西,网友们看过就好了,没必要去试验了。php

安装哪个呢?对性能会有什么影响呢?有时间要测试一下。html

从别处看来的。面试

程序环境非必要Zend Optimizer的状况下,首选pecl-APC(它和Zend Optimizer不兼容)。
总结:
1.PHP缓冲(加速)首选pecl-APC,兼容性和性能表现都很是优秀。
2.若是你的PHP环境须要Zend Optimizer,就安装eAccelerator,并把Zend Optimizer的压缩级别调到0。apache

zend optimizer 是一个代码优化的模块,能够调优php代码,实现的原理是对那些在被最终执行以前由运行编译器(Run-Time Compiler)产生的代码进行优化。代码性能能够提升40%到100%,从这点上来讲,应该不具备强大的缓存功能,没有读过源码,不清楚是否具备缓存 以及缓存质量如何。

eAccelerator 是一个将编译以后的php代码缓存在share memory中的模块。经过访问共享内存能够获得编译后的代码并直接执行用以提升效率,这个对于php的执行效率的提升仍是很大的。同 时,eAccelerator也能够缓存数据至文件中,这个部分因为是对文件的操做,我想对大多数的文件cache来讲,原理类似,性能相近。

APC 原理上来说和eAccelerator相近,因此差异不大。不经过修改参数详细测试,不能看出二者的优劣。因此取其一便可。ubuntu

 

 

 

三款免费的PHP加速器:APC、eAccelerator、XCache比较缓存

 

1、PHP加速器介绍服务器

        PHP加速器是一个为了提升PHP执行效率,从而缓存起PHP的操做码,这样PHP后面执行就不用解析转换了,能够直接调用PHP操做码,这样速度上就提升了很多。并发

        Apache中使用mod_php的请求、响应执行流程:工具

  一、Apache接收请求。
二、Apache传递请求给mod_php。
三、mod_php定位磁盘文件,并加载到内存中。
四、mod_php编译源代码成为opcode树。
五、mod_php执行opcode树。性能

       PHP加速器相应的就是第四步,它的目的就是防止PHP每次请求都重复编译PHP代码,由于在高访问量的网站上,大量的编译每每没有执行速度快呢?因此这 里面有个瓶颈就是PHP的重复编译既影响了速度又加载了服务器负载,为了解决此问题,PHP加速器就这样诞生了。

2、PHP加速器安装与配置

        一、安装配置APC

             APC全称是Alternative PHP Cache,官方翻译叫”可选PHP缓存”,它是PHP PECL中的一个扩展,好像是facebook在使用它,下面开始安装(ubuntu环境): 
$wget http://pecl.php.net/get/APC-3.0.19.tgz
$tar xvzf APC-3.0.19.tgz
$cd APC-3.0.19/APC-3.0.19
$/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
$./configure –enable-apc –enable-apc-mmap –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
$make
$sudo make install

下面咱们再配置APC,由于个人PECL扩展路径改变了,因此我得移动下编译好的文件:
$sudo mv /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/apc.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL

而后咱们再编辑php.ini文件进行配置,请把下面的代码加入到php.ini中便可:
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL"
extension = apc.so
; APC
apc.enabled = 1
apc.shm_segments = 1
apc.shm_size = 64
apc.optimization = 1
apc.num_files_hint = 0
apc.ttl = 0
apc.gc_ttl = 3600
apc.cache_by_default = on

     这样重启apache就会在phpinfo()信息中显示。

       二、安装配置eAccelerator

          eAccelerator的前身实际上是truck-mmcache,由于开发truk-mmcache的人被Zend给招安了,因此开发 eAccelerator的人继承了truk-mmcache的一些特性,设计出eAccelerator加速器。安装以下:
$wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2
$tar -jxf eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2
$cd eaccelerator-0.9.5
$/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
$./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
$make
$sudo make install
$sudo mv /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL

将下面代码加入php.ini文件中
extension = eaccelerator.so
; eAccelerator
eaccelerator.shm_size = "16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir = "/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable = "1"
eaccelerator.optimizer = "1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime = "1"
eaccelerator.debug = "0"
eaccelerator.filter = ""
eaccelerator.shm_max = "0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl = "0"
eaccelerator.prune_period = "0"
eaccelerator.shm_only = "0"
eaccelerator.compress = "1"
eaccelerator.compress_level = "9"

建立缓存目录,重启apache

$sudo mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator
$sudo chmod 777 /tmp/eaccelerator
$sudo /usr/local/apache/apachectl restart

在phpinfo()检查是否安装成功.

三、安装配置XCache

XCache做为国人本身开发的东西,作小菜鸟的我也感到骄傲,并且XCache不管在速度仍是性能上都作的不错。下面就赶忙让咱们品尝它吧!

$wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/1.2.2/xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
$tar xvzf xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
$cd xcache-1.2.2
$/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
$./configure –enable-xcache –enable-xcache-coverager –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/php-config
$make
$sudo make install
$sudo mv /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL

在php.ini添加配置信息:

extension = xcache.so
; xcache
xcache.admin.user = "admin"
xcache.admin.pass = "(执行) echo ’(你的密码)’|md5sum(得出的密文)"
;
xcache.size = 24M
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.count = 2
xcache.slots = 8k
xcache.ttl = 0
xcache.gc_interval = 0

xcache.var_size = 8M
xcache.var_count = 1
xcache.var_slots = 8k
xcache.var_ttl = 0
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.test = Off
xcache.readonly_protection = On
xcache.mmap_path = "/tmp/xcache"
xcache.coredump_directory = ""
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.stat = On
xcache.optimizer = Off
;
xcache.coverager = On
xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""

建立缓存目录,重启apache

$sudo mkdir /tmp/xcache
$sudo chmod 777 /tmp/xcache
$sudo /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart

去查看phpinfo()信息吧!

3、PHP加速器测试

一、测试环境

硬件: AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 4400+ @ 2.2GHz CPU, 2GB 内存. 160GB SATA 硬盘

软件: Linux Ubuntu server Gutsy 7.10, Apache 2.2.4, MySQL 5.0.45 和 PHP 5.2.3

测试指令: ab -c5 -n3000 http://example.com/ (咱们使用的是Apache Benchmark (ab) 工具,并发链接为5,3000次请求)

二、测试结果

无任何加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 288.255212 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 10.41 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 480.425 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 96.085 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 226.23 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.5 0 19
Processing: 181 479 186.0 444 1822
Waiting: 166 461 184.7 427 1708
Total: 181 479 186.0 444 1822
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 444
66% 525
75% 577
80% 619
90% 732
95% 819
98% 946
99% 1012
100% 1822 (longest request)

APC加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 98.530068 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 30.45 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 164.217 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 32.843 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 661.84 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.0 0 2
Processing: 58 163 71.2 155 2452
Waiting: 53 158 69.6 150 2329
Total: 58 163 71.2 155 2452
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 155
66% 178
75% 193
80% 204
90% 235
95% 258
98% 285
99% 302
100% 2452 (longest request)

eAccelerator加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 95.983986 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 31.26 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 159.973 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 31.995 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 679.39 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 3
Processing: 57 159 91.3 148 3830
Waiting: 50 152 89.8 142 3704
Total: 57 159 91.3 148 3830
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 148
66% 174
75% 193
80% 205
90% 239
95% 263
98% 289
99% 309
100% 3830 (longest request)

XCache加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 99.76300 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 30.28 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 165.127 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 33.025 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 658.19 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.0 0 2
Processing: 59 164 83.4 155 3367
Waiting: 52 156 66.4 148 1802
Total: 59 164 83.4 155 3367
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 155
66% 178
75% 196
80% 206
90% 237
95% 263
98% 287
99% 305
100% 3367 (longest request)

三、结果摘要

  请求时间(秒) 单次请求时间(毫秒) 最大内存占用(MB) 最小内存占用(MB)
None 10.41 96.08 24 24
APC 30.45 32.84 21 21
eAccelerator 31.26 31.99 23 18
XCache 30.28 33.02 29 19

4、PHP加速器比较结果总结

     一、经过测试得出eAccelerator在请求时间和内存占用综合方面是最好的。

     二、经过测试得出使用加速器比无加速器在请求时间快了3倍左右。

     三、经过各个官方观察,XCache是更新最快的,这也说明最有发展的。

        以上是总结结果,你也许会问我到底用那个加速器好呢?我只能告诉你,首先,用必定比不用好,其次每一个加速器还有一些能够调优的参数,因此要根据你的系统环 境而定,而后,我我的以为你能够详细研究下eAccelerator和XCache,这两款潜力仍是很大的,最后我从比较专业的测试网站搞了一张结果图:

cache

原文连接地址:http://www.vpser.net/opt/apc-eaccelerator-xcache.html

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