1)首先,主数据库必须处于强制日志(Force Logging)模式下运行,这是要防止主数据库中存在直接的数据修改而不记录日志的行为。java
检查强制日志模式以下:sql
SQL> select dbid,name,force_logging from v$database; DBID NAME FORCE_LOGGING ---------- --------- --------------------------------------- 1565839253 ORCL NO
启动强制日志模式以下:数据库
SQL> alter database force logging; Database altered.
取消强制日志模式以下:网络
SQL> alter database no force logging; Database altered.
2)其次,检查主数据库的日志运行模式,Data Guard要求主数据库必须在归档模式下运行,此模式下数据库能够连续完整的保存事务日志。session
SQL> archive log list Database log mode No Archive Mode Automatic archival Disabled Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST Oldest online log sequence 11 Current log sequence 13
若是数据库处在非归档模式,则须要作以下调整:架构
SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1241513984 bytes Fixed Size 2923872 bytes Variable Size 452985504 bytes Database Buffers 771751936 bytes Redo Buffers 13852672 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database archivelog; Database altered. SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> archive log list Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST Oldest online log sequence 11 Next log sequence to archive 13 Current log sequence 13
3)最后,要检查数据库实例的口令文件,Data Guard环境下的每一个数据库必须强制使用口令文件,而且备用数据库口令文件中SYS用户的口令必须和主数据库SYS用户的口令彻底一致。若没有,使用orapwd命令建立口令文件。oracle
[oracle@sz ~]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7680 Apr 18 13:41 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl
1)主备库架构app
按照以下所示的内容构建Data Guard环境,假设一个主库在深圳,备库在上海。dom
DG ROLE测试 |
DB_NAME |
INSTANCE_NAME |
DB_UNIQUE_NAME |
TNS_NAME |
主库 |
orcl |
orcl |
orcl |
shzhen |
备库 |
orcl |
orcldg |
orcldg |
shhai |
2)主库配置参数
orcl.__data_transfer_cache_size=0 orcl.__db_cache_size=687865856 orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216 orcl.__large_pool_size=33554432 orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=671088640 orcl.__sga_target=973078528 orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0 orcl.__shared_pool_size=218103808 orcl.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='12.1.0.2.0' *.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='orcl' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4560m *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)' *.local_listener='LISTENER_ORCL' *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf' *.memory_target=1560m *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=300 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' #############################The following is adding for DG by Alen Liu 2020-04-19#################################### DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg)' LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl' LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=shhai LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg' LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO FAL_SERVER=orcldg FAL_CLIENT=orcl DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl' LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl' #############################The following is adding for DG by Alen Liu 2020-04-19####################################
3)设置网络配置
[oracle@sz admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. SHHAI = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.103)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcldg) ) ) LISTENER_ORCL = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sz.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521)) SHZHEN = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.102)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sz.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) )
将主库的密码文件拷贝至备库,并修更名称。
1)主库传送文件
[oracle@sz dbs]$ scp orapworcl oracle@192.168.56.103:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcldg oracle@192.168.56.103's password: orapworcl 100% 7680 7.5KB/s 00:00
2)备库检查文件
[oracle@sh ~]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcldg -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7680 Apr 19 17:28 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcldg
将主库的设置好的网络文件拷贝至备库。
1)主库传送文件
[oracle@sz admin]$ scp tnsnames.ora oracle@192.168.56.103:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/ oracle@192.168.56.103's password: tnsnames.ora 100% 809 0.8KB/s 00:00
2)备库检查文件
[oracle@sh ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. SHHAI = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.103)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcldg) ) ) LISTENER_ORCL = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sh.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521)) SHZHEN = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.102)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sz.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) )
1)将主库的pfile传送至备库,并作适当调整。
[oracle@sz dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora oracle@192.168.56.103:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcldg.ora The authenticity of host '192.168.56.103 (192.168.56.103)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is bd:22:31:30:20:8f:b1:12:3a:0c:dd:db:5b:f0:8f:12. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.56.103' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. oracle@192.168.56.103's password: initorcl.ora 100% 1869 1.8KB/s 00:00
2)检查备库文件
[oracle@sh dbs]$ cat initorcldg.ora orcl.__data_transfer_cache_size=0 orcl.__db_cache_size=687865856 orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216 orcl.__large_pool_size=33554432 orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=671088640 orcl.__sga_target=973078528 orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0 orcl.__shared_pool_size=218103808 orcl.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcldg/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='12.1.0.2.0' #*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='orcl' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4560m *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)' *.local_listener='LISTENER_ORCL' *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf' *.memory_target=1560m *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=300 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' #############################The following is adding for DG by Alen Liu 2017-09-11#################################### DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg)' LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg' LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=shzhen LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl' LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO FAL_SERVER=orcl FAL_CLIENT=orcldg DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg' LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg' #############################The following is adding for DG by Alen Liu 2017-09-11####################################
SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1644167168 bytes Fixed Size 2925024 bytes Variable Size 1056968224 bytes Database Buffers 570425344 bytes Redo Buffers 13848576 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> create spfile from pfile; File created.
SQL> startup nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1644167168 bytes Fixed Size 2925024 bytes Variable Size 1056968224 bytes Database Buffers 570425344 bytes Redo Buffers 13848576 bytes SQL> create spfile from pfile; File created.
[oracle@sh ~]$ rman target sys/system@shzhen auxiliary sys/system@shhai Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Sun Apr 19 17:58:55 2020 Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1565938253) connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted) RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck; Starting Duplicate Db at 19-APR-20 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=23 device type=DISK current log archived contents of Memory Script: { backup as copy reuse targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcldg' ; } executing Memory Script Starting backup at 19-APR-20 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=46 device type=DISK Finished backup at 19-APR-20 contents of Memory Script: { sql clone "create spfile from memory"; shutdown clone immediate; startup clone nomount; restore clone from service 'shzhen' standby controlfile; } executing Memory Script sql statement: create spfile from memory Oracle instance shut down connected to auxiliary database (not started) Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 1644167168 bytes Fixed Size 2925024 bytes Variable Size 1073745440 bytes Database Buffers 553648128 bytes Redo Buffers 13848576 bytes Starting restore at 19-APR-20 allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=22 device type=DISK channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service shzhen channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/controlfile/o1_mf_h9r8963y_.ctl Finished restore at 19-APR-20 contents of Memory Script: { sql clone 'alter database mount standby database'; } executing Memory Script sql statement: alter database mount standby database contents of Memory Script: { set newname for tempfile 1 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/temp01.dbf"; switch clone tempfile all; set newname for datafile 1 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/system01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 3 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/sysaux01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 4 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/undotbs01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 5 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/example01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 6 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/users01.dbf"; restore from service 'shzhen' clone database ; sql 'alter system archive log current'; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET NEWNAME renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/temp01.dbf in control file executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting restore at 19-APR-20 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service shzhen channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/system01.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service shzhen channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/sysaux01.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service shzhen channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/undotbs01.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service shzhen channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/example01.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service shzhen channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/users01.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 19-APR-20 sql statement: alter system archive log current current log archived contents of Memory Script: { restore clone force from service 'shzhen' archivelog from scn 1792397; switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script Starting restore at 19-APR-20 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service shzhen channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=12 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service shzhen channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=13 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 19-APR-20 datafile 1 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=1038160949 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/system01.dbf datafile 3 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=1038160949 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/sysaux01.dbf datafile 4 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1038160949 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/undotbs01.dbf datafile 5 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1038160949 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/example01.dbf datafile 6 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=1038160949 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/users01.dbf contents of Memory Script: { set until scn 1793777; recover standby clone database delete archivelog ; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause Starting recover at 19-APR-20 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 12 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/archivelog/2020_04_19/o1_mf_1_12_h9r8fm03_.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 13 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/archivelog/2020_04_19/o1_mf_1_13_h9r8fn6x_.arc archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/archivelog/2020_04_19/o1_mf_1_12_h9r8fm03_.arc thread=1 sequence=12 archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/archivelog/2020_04_19/o1_mf_1_13_h9r8fn6x_.arc thread=1 sequence=13 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished recover at 19-APR-20 Finished Duplicate Db at 19-APR-20
SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> select name,open_mode,protection_mode,database_role from v$database; NAME OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE DATABASE_ROLE --------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------- ORCL READ ONLY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; Database altered.
SQL> create table scott.test(id number,name varchar2(100)); Table created. SQL> insert into scott.test values(1,'Alen'); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
SQL> select * from scott.test; ID NAME ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Alen
告警日志:
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session Sun Apr 19 18:15:44 2020 WARNING: There are no standby redo logs. Standby redo logs should be configured for real time apply. Real time apply will be ignored. Sun Apr 19 18:15:44 2020 Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (orcldg) Starting background process MRP0 Sun Apr 19 18:15:44 2020 MRP0 started with pid=36, OS id=812 Sun Apr 19 18:15:44 2020 MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (orcldg) Sun Apr 19 18:15:49 2020 Serial Media Recovery started Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply Sun Apr 19 18:15:49 2020 Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived... Sun Apr 19 18:15:49 2020 All non-current ORLs have been archived. Sun Apr 19 18:15:49 2020 Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/archivelog/2020_04_19/o1_mf_1_14_h9r8pmo1_.arc Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 15 (in transit) Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session Sun Apr 19 18:16:33 2020 Archived Log entry 4 added for thread 1 sequence 15 rlc 1038157520 ID 0x5d570e4d dest 2: RFS[1]: No standby redo logfiles created RFS[1]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 16 dbid 1565938253 branch 1038157520 Sun Apr 19 18:16:34 2020 Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/archivelog/2020_04_19/o1_mf_1_15_h9r8rz29_.arc Resize operation completed for file# 3, old size 675840K, new size 706560K Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 16 (in transit)
显示没有备库standby redolog,建立便可。
WARNING: There are no standby redo logs.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log') size 50M; Database altered. SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log') size 50M; Database altered. SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log') size 50M; Database altered. SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log') size 50M; Database altered.
至此,基于DUPLICATE构建物理备用数据库完成。