CentOS/RHEL内软件安装2

时间 2019-11-07

标签 centos rhel 软件安装栏目 CentOS 繁體版

原文原文链接

10月10日任务apache

7.6 yum更换国内源centos

7.7 yum下载rpm包缓存

7.8/7.9 源码包安装网络

yum 更换国内源

163仓库源：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repocurl

获取仓库源文件工具

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

2. 获取网络仓库文件url

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

或在无wget工具的前提下使用curl命令下载
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

3. 备份原仓库Base文件spa

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak

4. 清理缓存debug

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

5. 查看仓库文件列表（生成新缓存）code

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list

查看当前缓存的仓库列表

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id                       repo name                     status
C7.0.1406-base/x86_64         CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base        disabled
C7.0.1406-centosplus/x86_64   CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus  disabled
C7.0.1406-extras/x86_64       CentOS-7.0.1406 - Extras      disabled
C7.0.1406-fasttrack/x86_64    CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus  disabled
C7.0.1406-updates/x86_64      CentOS-7.0.1406 - Updates     disabled
C7.1.1503-base/x86_64         CentOS-7.1.1503 - Base        disabled
C7.1.1503-centosplus/x86_64   CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus  disabled
C7.1.1503-extras/x86_64       CentOS-7.1.1503 - Extras      disabled
C7.1.1503-fasttrack/x86_64    CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus  disabled
C7.1.1503-updates/x86_64      CentOS-7.1.1503 - Updates     disabled
C7.2.1511-base/x86_64         CentOS-7.2.1511 - Base        disabled
C7.2.1511-centosplus/x86_64   CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus  disabled
C7.2.1511-extras/x86_64       CentOS-7.2.1511 - Extras      disabled
C7.2.1511-fasttrack/x86_64    CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus  disabled
C7.2.1511-updates/x86_64      CentOS-7.2.1511 - Updates     disabled
base/7/x86_64                 CentOS-7 - Base               enabled:  9591
base-debuginfo/x86_64         CentOS-7 - Debuginfo          disabled
base-source/7                 CentOS-7 - Base Sources       disabled
c7-media                      CentOS-7 - Media              disabled
centosplus/7/x86_64           CentOS-7 - Plus               disabled
centosplus-source/7           CentOS-7 - Plus Sources       disabled
cr/7/x86_64                   CentOS-7 - cr                 disabled
dvd                           dvd                           enabled:  3831
epel/x86_64                   Extra Packages for Enterprise enabled: 12045
epel-debuginfo/x86_64         Extra Packages for Enterprise disabled
epel-source/x86_64            Extra Packages for Enterprise disabled
epel-testing/x86_64           Extra Packages for Enterprise disabled
epel-testing-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise disabled
epel-testing-source/x86_64    Extra Packages for Enterprise disabled
extras/7/x86_64               CentOS-7 - Extras             enabled:   280
extras-source/7               CentOS-7 - Extras Sources     disabled
fasttrack/7/x86_64            CentOS-7 - fasttrack          disabled
updates/7/x86_64              CentOS-7 - Updates            enabled:  1059
updates-source/7              CentOS-7 - Updates Sources    disabled
repolist: 26806

安装扩展源epel

yum install -y epel-release

yum下载rpm包

仅下载不安装

# 默认的下载存放目录/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/仓库名/packages
[root@localhost ~]# yum install zsh --downloadonly 
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-28.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==========================================================================
 Package      Arch            Version                 Repository     Size
==========================================================================
Installing:
 zsh          x86_64          5.0.2-28.el7            base          2.4 M

Transaction Summary
==========================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 2.4 M
Installed size: 5.6 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm                          | 2.4 MB   00:05     
exiting because "Download Only" specified

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/
total 2436
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2494444 Aug 11 04:24 zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm

2. 指定下载软件所存放的目录

# --downloaddir指定存放的目录
[root@localhost ~]# yum install zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-28.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==========================================================================
 Package      Arch            Version                 Repository     Size
==========================================================================
Installing:
 zsh          x86_64          5.0.2-28.el7            base          2.4 M

Transaction Summary
==========================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 2.4 M
Installed size: 5.6 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
exiting because "Download Only" specified

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /tmp/zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2494444 Aug 11 04:24 /tmp/zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm

3. 上述所下载的包是系统未安装的，要下载已安装软件的软件包，使用reinstall

# tree已安装，使用reinstall；
# --downloaddir指定保存目录，本例中为当前目录；
# 不指定，默认保存在/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/仓库名/packages
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall tree --downloadonly --downloaddir=./
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be reinstalled
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==========================================================================
 Package       Arch            Version                Repository     Size
==========================================================================
Reinstalling:
 tree          x86_64          1.6.0-10.el7           base           46 k

Transaction Summary
==========================================================================
Reinstall  1 Package

Total download size: 46 k
Installed size: 87 k
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                         |  46 kB   00:01     
exiting because "Download Only" specified

源码包安装

约定：源码包存放目录 /usr/local/src/

这里介绍的是通用的安装源码包的方式。有部分源码包使用的是cmake安装，较为复杂，这里就不介绍了。

例：安装apache

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

2. 获取源码包并解压缩(无wget命令，yum安装便可)

[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz

3. 进入软件安装包

[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.34/

4. 执行配置文件，检测安装环境，并生成部分安装文件

[root@localhost src]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2

5. 编译

[root@localhost src]# make

6. 安装

[root@localhost src]# make install

判断上一个命令是否执行成功：0成功，其余不成功

echo $?

问题与解决

无wget命令：经过yum安装或使用curl -O命令下载。
执行./configure报错，无gcc：安装gcc；相似的报错中无哪一种软件就安装哪一种软件，以后再次执行./configure。

源码包的卸载

只要将安装软件时建立的文件、目录删除便可！安装时指定安装文件在一个目录，卸载时就直接将该目录删除就能彻底卸载掉软件。