python shutil模块简单介绍

python shutil模块简单介绍

简介

shutil模块提供了大量的文件的高级操做。特别针对文件拷贝和删除，主要功能为目录和文件操做以及压缩操做。

shutil 模块方法：

copy(src, dst)
        Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst") # 复制数据和权限，相对于cp命令
        
        The destination may be a directory.  # 目标数据能够为目录
    
    copy2(src, dst)
        Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst").  # 拷贝文件和状态信息
        
        The destination may be a directory.
    
    copyfile(src, dst)  # 拷贝文件
        Copy data from src to dst
    
    copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16384)  # 将文件内容拷贝到另外一个文件
        copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst
    
    copymode(src, dst)  # 仅拷贝权限,内容,用户,组不变
        Copy mode bits from src to dst
    
    copystat(src, dst)  # 仅拷贝状态信息
        Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst
    
    copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None)  # 递归复制
        Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().
    
    get_archive_formats()  # 返回支持的 压缩格式列表
        Returns a list of supported formats for archiving and unarchiving.
        
        Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple (name, description)
    
    ignore_patterns(*patterns) # 至关于copytree
        Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter.
        
        Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns
        that are used to exclude files
        # 模式是一个序列，用于排除文件glob方式模式
    
    make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0, dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None) 
        Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar). # 建立压缩文件
        参数介绍：
        base_name: 压缩包的文件名, 也可使压缩包的路径.
        format: 压缩种类
        root_dir: 要压缩的文件夹路径，默认为当前路径
        owner: 压缩用户，默认为当前用户
        group: 组，默认为当前组
    
    move(src, dst)  # 移动文件，相对于Linux的“mv”命令
        Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
        similar to the Unix "mv" command.
    
    register_archive_format(name, function, extra_args=None, description='')
        Registers an archive format. # 返回支持的 压缩格式列表
    
    rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None)  # 递归删除目录树
        Recursively delete a directory tree.

shutil 模块使用简单示例：

建立压缩文件（shutil.make_archive）

# cat shutil_test01.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- conding:utf-8 -*-

from shutil import make_archive
import os

archive_name = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', 'myarchive'))
root_dir = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', '.ssh'))
make_archive(archive_name, 'gztar', root_dir)