消息队列应用

正文

简介

        它是一种异步传输模式，能够在不一样的应用之间实现相互通讯，相互通讯的应用能够分布在同一台机器上，也能够分布于相连的网络空间中的任一位置。

它的实现原理是:消息的发送者把本身想要发送的信息放入一个Message中，而后把它保存至一个系统公用空间的消息队列(Message Queue)中;本地或者是异

地的消息接收程序再从该队列中取出发给它的消息进行处理。如图所示：

    

优缺点与使用场景

• 优缺点

  优势：支持离线通信；有消息优先级；有保障的消息传递和执行许多业务处理的可靠的防故障机制；息传递机制使得消息通讯的双方具备不一样的物理平台成为可能。

        缺点：很难知足实时交互需求。

• 使用场景

        一、数据采集：适合多设备多应用数据采集功能。

        二、辅助实时交互：在大并发系统中，某一个操做涉及到不少步骤，某些步骤是不须要及时处理的，将不须要及时处理的步骤提出来，用消息队列处理。

好比：在一个高并发购物网站，一个顾客下单，顾客的操做记录、顾客的余额记录、商品相关的统计记录是不须要及时处理的，这些能够放消息队列处理，

延时处理。

        三、多线程流水线处理：能够应用于生产者和消费者模式里面。好比：批量文件解压+解析+入库处理。为了下降服务器压力，将各个步骤分布在不一样的

服务器上面，每一个步骤的结果能够放入消息队列。

准备工做

• 环境准备

        在使用MSMQ开发以前，须要安装消息队列。按顺序操做：控制面板-》程序-》打开或关闭Windows功能，勾选MSMQ服务器全部选项，如图所示：

        

• 存放位置 

       在调试、操做队列的时候，插入和取出队列信息之后，须要查看操做是否成功，就得去存放队列的服务器中查看队列信息。操做顺序：计算机-》管理-》

服务和应用程序，在里面有相应队列存储的信息，如图所示：

        

MSMQ的代码封装

• 基础准备

         文件做用：

   

      MSMQ队列操做的属性设置：

    /// <summary>
    /// MSMQ队列操做的属性设置
    /// </summary>
    public class MessageQueueSettings
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 专用队列的基本路径
        /// </summary>
        private string basePath = "private$";

        /// <summary>
        /// 队列的ID
        /// </summary>
        public Guid MessageQueueId { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 队列的标签
        /// </summary>
        public string MessageQueueLabel { get; set; } = "由程序建立的默认消息队列";

        /// <summary>
        /// 访问队列的路径，默认是本机，记作“.”
        /// </summary>
        public string RemotePath { get; set; } = ".";

        /// <summary>
        /// 队列名称：默认是 msmqdefault
        /// </summary>
        public string MessageQueueName { get; set; } = ConfigSource.DefaultMSMQName;

        /// <summary>
        /// 队列的路径
        /// </summary>
        public string MessageQueuePath => $"{RemotePath}\\{basePath}\\{MessageQueueName}";

        /// <summary>
        /// 消息队列类型
        /// </summary>
        public QueueType MessageQueueType { get; set; } = QueueType.PrivateQueue;

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或设置队列日志的大小
        /// </summary>
        public long MaximumJournalSize { get; set; } = uint.MaxValue;

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否启用日志
        /// </summary>
        public bool UseJournalQueue { get; set; } = true;

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或设置队列的大小
        /// </summary>
        public long MaximumQueueSize { get; set; } = uint.MaxValue;

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否启用队列事务
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsUseTransaction { get; set; } = true;

        /// <summary>
        /// 队列的访问方式
        /// </summary>
        public QueueAccessMode AccessMode { get; set; } = QueueAccessMode.SendAndReceive;

        /// <summary>
        /// 设置/获取是否通过身份验证
        /// </summary>
        public bool Authenticate { get; set; } = false;

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或设置基优先级，“消息队列”使用该基优先级在网络上传送公共队列的消息。
        /// </summary>
        public short BasePriority { get; set; } = 0;

    }

View Code

    队列类型enum：

    /// <summary>
    /// 队列类型
    /// </summary>
    public enum QueueType
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 私有队列
        /// </summary>
        PrivateQueue = 0,

        /// <summary>
        /// 公共队列
        /// </summary>
        PublicQueue = 1,

        /// <summary>
        /// 管理队列
        /// </summary>
        ManageQueue = 2,

        /// <summary>
        /// 响应队列
        /// </summary>
        ResponseQueue = 3
    }

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• 建立队列

      逻辑代码里面不直接调用队列建立方法，直接用操做基类的构造方法建立。思路：初始化参数实体-》初始化待参数实体的操做基类实例-》实例里面构造方法

判断是否存在存在该队列，若是存在就返回该队列实例，若是不存在，就建立队列，返回实例。

     基础操做类：

        #region 构造函数

        /// <summary>
        /// 默认构造函数：不对外开放
        /// </summary>
        private MessageQueueBase() { }

        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="setting">消息队列的配置</param>
        public MessageQueueBase(MessageQueueSettings setting)
        {
            try
            {
                this.msetting = setting;

                // 校验是否存在队列
                if (msetting.RemotePath == "." && !Exists())
                    this.mqueue = Create();
                else
                    this.mqueue = new MessageQueue(msetting.MessageQueuePath, msetting.AccessMode);

                if (msetting.RemotePath == ".")
                {
                    // 设置是否通过身份验证：默认为否
                    this.mqueue.Authenticate = msetting.Authenticate;

                    // 是否启用日志队列
                    this.mqueue.UseJournalQueue = msetting.UseJournalQueue;

                    // 最大日志队列长度：最大值为uint.MaxValue
                    this.mqueue.MaximumJournalSize =
                        msetting.MaximumJournalSize > uint.MaxValue ?
                        uint.MaxValue :
                        msetting.MaximumJournalSize;

                    // 最大队列长度：最大值为uint.MaxValue
                    this.mqueue.MaximumQueueSize = msetting.MaximumQueueSize > uint.MaxValue ? uint.MaxValue : msetting.MaximumJournalSize;

                    // 队列标签
                    this.mqueue.Label = msetting.MessageQueueLabel;
                }

                // 设置基优先级，默认是0
                this.mqueue.BasePriority = msetting.BasePriority;

                // 获取消息队列的id
                msetting.MessageQueueId = mqueue.Id;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

       ~MessageQueueBase()
        {
            this.mqueue?.Close();
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }
        #endregion

        #region 操做方法

        /// <summary>
        /// 验证队列是否存在
        /// </summary>        
        /// <returns>验证结果</returns>
        public bool Exists()
        {
            var successed = false;
            try
            {
                successed = MessageQueue.Exists(msetting.MessageQueuePath);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
            return successed;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 建立队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="type">队列类型(默认是专用队列)</param>
        /// <returns>队列对象</returns>
        public MessageQueue Create()
        {
            MessageQueue queue = default(MessageQueue);
            try
            {
                queue = MessageQueue.Create(msetting.MessageQueuePath, msetting.IsUseTransaction);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
            return queue;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 删除队列
        /// </summary>
        public void Delete()
        {
            try
            {
                MessageQueue.Delete(msetting.MessageQueuePath);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        #endregion

View Code

    业务调用类：

        /// <summary>
        /// 建立消息队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="queueName">队列名称</param>
        /// <param name="transaction">是不是事务队列</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool CreateMessageQueue(string queueName, bool transaction)
        {
            bool result = false;
            MessageQueueSettings mqs = new MessageQueueSettings()
            {
                 MessageQueueName= queueName,
                 IsUseTransaction= transaction
            };
            IMessageQueueBase messageQueueBase = new MessageQueueBase(mqs);
            result=messageQueueBase.Exists();
            return result;
        }

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   测试结果：

     

     

• 发送消息

      发送消息分为单条发送和列表发送，是否启用事务，以当前需求和队列属性决定。

      基础操做类：

#region 发送操做
        /// <summary>
        /// 发送数据到队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">发送的数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="t">发送的数据对象</param>
        public void Send<T>(T t)
        {
            MessageQueueTransaction tran = null;
            try
            {
                tran = msetting.IsUseTransaction || mqueue.Transactional ? new MessageQueueTransaction() : null;
                using (Message message = new Message())
                {
                    tran?.Begin();
                    message.Body = t;
                    message.Label = $"推送时间[{DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH-mm-ss.fff")}]";
                    message.UseDeadLetterQueue = true;
                    message.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
                    message.TimeToBeReceived = new TimeSpan(30, 0, 0, 0);
                    message.TimeToReachQueue = new TimeSpan(30, 0, 0, 0);
                    if (tran != null)
                    {
                        mqueue.Send(message, tran);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        mqueue.Send(message);
                    }
                    tran?.Commit();
                    tran?.Dispose();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                tran?.Abort();
                tran?.Dispose();
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 发送多条数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">发送的数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="ts">发送的数据对象集合</param>
        public void SendList<T>(IList<T> ts)
        {
            MessageQueueTransaction tran = null;
            try
            {
                tran = msetting.IsUseTransaction || mqueue.Transactional ? new MessageQueueTransaction() : null;
                tran?.Begin();
                foreach (var item in ts)
                {
                    using (Message message = new Message())
                    {
                        message.Body = item;
                        message.Label = $"推送时间[{DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH-mm-ss.fff")}]";
                        message.UseDeadLetterQueue = true;
                        message.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
                        message.TimeToBeReceived = new TimeSpan(30, 0, 0, 0);
                        message.TimeToReachQueue = new TimeSpan(30, 0, 0, 0);
                        if (tran != null)
                        {
                            mqueue.Send(message, tran);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            mqueue.Send(message);
                        }
                    }
                }
                tran?.Commit();
                tran?.Dispose();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                tran?.Abort();
                tran?.Dispose();
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        #endregion

View Code

      业务调用类：

  /// <summary>
        /// 发送消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="queueName">队列名称</param>
        /// <param name="priority">优先级</param>
        /// <param name="isTransaction">是否启用队列事务</param>
        /// <param name="userInfo">新增用户信息</param>
        public void SendMessage(string queueName, short priority, bool isTransaction, user userInfo)
        {
            MessageQueueSettings mqs = new MessageQueueSettings()
            {
                MessageQueueName = queueName,
                BasePriority = priority,
                IsUseTransaction = isTransaction
            };
            IMessageQueueBase messageQueueBase = new MessageQueueBase(mqs);
            messageQueueBase.Send<user>(userInfo);
        }

View Code

      测试结果：

      

      

• 接收消息

       消息接收分为同步接收和异步接收。

       基础操做类：

#region 接收方法

        /// <summary>
        /// 同步获取队列消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">返回的数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="action">获取数据后的回调</param>
        public void Receive<T>(Action<T> action) where T : class
        {
            try
            {
                mqueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
                Message message = mqueue.Receive();
                T obj = message.Body as T;
                if (obj != null)
                    action(obj);
                else
                    throw new InvalidCastException("队列获取的类型与泛型类型不符");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 同步查询但不移除队列第一条数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">返回的数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="action">获取数据后的回调</param>
        public void Peek<T>(Action<T> action) where T : class
        {
            try
            {
                mqueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
                Message message = mqueue.Peek();
                T obj = message.Body as T;
                if (obj != null)
                    action(obj);
                else
                    throw new InvalidCastException("队列获取的类型与泛型类型不符");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {

                throw ex;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取全部消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <returns>取出来的数据</returns>
        public IList<T> GetAll<T>() where T : class
        {
            try
            {
                mqueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
                var enumerator = mqueue.GetMessageEnumerator2();
                var ret = new List<T>();
                while (enumerator.MoveNext())
                {
                    var messageInfo = enumerator.Current.Body as T;
                    if (messageInfo != null)
                    {
                        ret.Add(messageInfo);
                    }
                    enumerator.RemoveCurrent();
                    enumerator.Reset();
                }
                return ret;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 异步接收队列消息，并删除接收的消息数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">返回的数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="action">获取数据后的回调</param>
        public void ReceiveAsync<T>(Action<T> action) where T : class
        {
            MessageQueueTransaction tran = null;
            try
            {
                tran = msetting.IsUseTransaction || mqueue.Transactional ? new MessageQueueTransaction() : null;

                if (!initReceiveAsync)
                {
                    mqueue.ReceiveCompleted += (sender, e) =>
                    {
                        Message message = mqueue.EndReceive(e.AsyncResult);
                        T obj = message.Body as T;
                        if (obj != null)
                            action(obj);
                        else
                            throw new InvalidCastException("队列获取的类型与泛型类型不符");
                    };
                    initReceiveAsync = true;
                }
                mqueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
                tran?.Begin();
                mqueue.BeginReceive();
                tran?.Commit();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 启动一个没有超时设定的异步查看操做。直到队列中出现消息时，才完成此操做。
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">获取的消息数据的类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="action">获取数据后的回调</param>
        public void PeekAsync<T>(Action<T> action) where T : class
        {
            MessageQueueTransaction tran = null;
            try
            {
                tran = msetting.IsUseTransaction || mqueue.Transactional ? new MessageQueueTransaction() : null;
                if (!initPeekAsync)
                {
                    mqueue.PeekCompleted += (sender, e) =>
                    {
                        Message message = mqueue.EndPeek(e.AsyncResult);
                        T obj = message.Body as T;
                        if (obj != null)
                            action(obj);
                        else
                            throw new InvalidCastException("队列获取的类型与泛型类型不符");
                    };
                    initPeekAsync = true;
                }
                mqueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
                tran?.Begin();
                mqueue.BeginPeek();
                tran?.Commit();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 异步循环获取队列消息，调用此方法将一直接收队列数据，直到IsStopReceiveLoop被设置为true
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">返回的数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="action">获取数据后的回调</param>
        public void ReceiveAsyncLoop<T>(Action<T> action) where T : class
        {
            MessageQueueTransaction tran = null;
            try
            {
                tran = msetting.IsUseTransaction || mqueue.Transactional ? new MessageQueueTransaction() : null;
                if (!initReceiveAsync)
                {
                    mqueue.ReceiveCompleted += (sender, e) =>
                    {
                        Message message = mqueue.EndReceive(e.AsyncResult);
                        T obj = message.Body as T;
                        if (obj != null)
                            action(obj);
                        else
                            throw new InvalidCastException("队列获取的类型与泛型类型不符");

                        //只要不中止就一直接收
                        if (!IsStopReceiveLoop)
                        {
                            tran?.Begin();
                            mqueue.BeginReceive();
                            tran?.Commit();
                        }
                    };
                    initReceiveAsync = true;
                }
                mqueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
                IsStopReceiveLoop = false;
                tran?.Begin();
                mqueue.BeginReceive();
                tran?.Commit();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        #endregion

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      业务调用类：

 /// <summary>
        /// 接收消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="queueName">队列</param>
        /// <param name="isAsy">是否异步</param>
        public user ReceiveMessage(string queueName, bool isAsy)
        {
            user userInfo = new user();
            MessageQueueSettings mqs = new MessageQueueSettings()
            {
                MessageQueueName = queueName
            };
            IMessageQueueBase messageQueueBase = new MessageQueueBase(mqs);
            if (!isAsy)
            {
                messageQueueBase.Receive<user>(p =>
                {
                    userInfo = p;
                });
            }
            else
            {
                messageQueueBase.ReceiveAsync<user>(p =>
                {
                    userInfo = p;
                });
            }
            return userInfo;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取所有
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="queueName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public IList<user> GetAll(string queueName)
        {
            MessageQueueSettings mqs = new MessageQueueSettings()
            {
                MessageQueueName = queueName
            };
            IMessageQueueBase messageQueueBase = new MessageQueueBase(mqs);
            return messageQueueBase.GetAll<user>();
        }

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      测试结果：

      点击插入数据，在队列中插入N条数据。同步接收和异步接收每次只获取队列第一条数据；异步循环是每次获取一条数据，循环获取，知道队列没有数据；

接收所有是一次性获取指定队列全部数据。

     

     

补充

        下一篇写Dapper应用或Redis应用。