Nginx的安装,默认虚拟主机,用户认证,域名重定向

Nginx 安装

下载安装包，解压编译安装

[root@test-a etc]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@test-a src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz  
[root@test-a src]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz
[root@test-a nginx-1.14.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@test-a nginx-1.14.1]# make
[root@test-a nginx-1.14.1]# make install

编写启动脚本，启动

启动脚本内容:

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"

start() 
{
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}

stop() 
{
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
    rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}

reload()
{
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}

restart()
{
    stop
    start
}

configtest()
{
    $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
    return 0
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  configtest)
        configtest
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
        RETVAL=1
esac

exit $RETVAL

更改启动脚本权限，设置系统开机启动等

[root@test-a nginx-1.14.1]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@test-a nginx-1.14.1]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@test-a nginx-1.14.1]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@test-a nginx-1.14.1]# chkconfig nginx on
[root@test-a nginx-1.14.1]# ls /usr/local/nginx/
conf  html  logs  sbin
[root@test-a nginx-1.14.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

新建配置文件，内容以下

user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 6000;
}

http
{
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
    server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
    log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
    ' $host "$request_uri" $status'
    ' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 3m;
    client_body_timeout 3m;
    send_timeout 3m;
    connection_pool_size 256;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
    request_pool_size 4k;
    output_buffers 4 32k;
    postpone_output 1460;
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;
    client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
    proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
    fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 8k;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm 
    application/xml;

    server
    {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        root /usr/local/nginx/html;

        location ~ \.php$ 
        {
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
            # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # tcp方式
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
        }    
    }
}

启动

[root@test-a conf]# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.orignal 
[root@test-a conf]# vim nginx.conf # 添加上面的nginx内容
[root@test-a conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@test-a conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx (via systemctl):                            [  OK  ]

测试访问 [root@test-a conf]# curl localhost

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>


[root@test-a conf]# cd ../html/
[root@test-a html]# vim index.php
[root@test-a html]# cat index.php
<?php
echo "Hello,nginx";
[root@test-a html]# curl localhost/index.php
Hello,nginx[root@test-a html]#

Nginx 默认虚拟主机

先把nginx.conf中的server部份内容去掉，换成include 虚拟主机配置，参考以下

user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 6000;
}

http
{
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
    server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
    log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
    ' $host "$request_uri" $status'
    ' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 3m;
    client_body_timeout 3m;
    send_timeout 3m;
    connection_pool_size 256;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
    request_pool_size 4k;
    output_buffers 4 32k;
    postpone_output 1460;
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;
    client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
    proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
    fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 8k;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
    application/xml;

    include "vhost/*.conf";
}

建立虚拟主机配置目录及文件

[root@test-a conf]# mkdir vhost
[root@test-a conf]# cd vhost/
[root@test-a vhost]# vim test.com.conf # 添加以下内容
server
{
        listen 80 default_server;
        server_name test.com;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        root /data/wwwroot/default;
}

建立站点目录，添加文件，测试

[root@test-a conf]# mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default
[root@test-a conf]# cd /data/wwwroot/default/
[root@test-a default]# vim index.html
[root@test-a default]# cat index.html
This is nginx default site.
[root@test-a default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@test-a default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@test-a vhost]# curl localhost
This is nginx default site.

Nginx用户认证

添加虚拟站点配置，生成认证帐户

[root@test-a vhost]# vim abc.com.conf
[root@test-a vhost]# cat abc.com.conf # 添加以下内容
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name abc.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/abc.com;
    
    location  /
    {
        auth_basic              "Auth";
        auth_basic_user_file   /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/nginx-htpasswd;
    }
}
# 若是没有htpasswd, 能够yum install -y httpd安装便可
[root@test-a vhost]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c nginx-htpasswd test
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user test
[root@test-a vhost]# ls
abc.com.conf  nginx-htpasswd  test.com.conf
[root@test-a vhost]# cat nginx-htpasswd
test:$apr1$p3836SLL$Atra.KlKSpLnEWb8lKDNh1
[root@test-a vhost]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd  nginx-htpasswd test1
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user test1

建立站点目录及文件,从新加载服务器配置

[root@test-a vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/abc.com
[root@test-a vhost]# cd /data/wwwroot/abc.com
[root@test-a abc.com]# vim index.html
[root@test-a abc.com]# cat index.html
This is abc.com site.
[root@test-a vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@test-a vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

访问测试

[root@test-a abc.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 abc.com
<html>
<head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@test-a abc.com]# curl -utest1:test1 -x127.0.0.1:80 abc.com
This is abc.com site.

若是访问返回403状态码，有几种可能:

1. 用户名密码不正确
2. 秘钥文件配置不正确
3. 没有配置索引页，即index index.html
4. 站点目录没有对应的索引页
5. 索引页及相应的目录权限不正确
6. nginx启动的用户和站点用户不一致

Nginx 域名重定向

配置,从新加载配置

[root@test-a vhost]# vim abc.com.conf 
[root@test-a vhost]# cat abc.com.conf 
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name abc.com ab.com a.com; # 这里和apache的ServerName配置有点差异,apache不能配置多个，配置了也只能识别第一个，只能经过ServerAlias来配置。
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/abc.com;
    
    if ($host != 'abc.com'){
	rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://abc.com/$1 permanent; # permanent 301, redirect 302   
    } 

}

[root@test-a nginx]# ./sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@test-a nginx]# ./sbin/nginx -s reload

访问测试

[root@test-a nginx]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 ab.com -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.14.1
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2018 22:59:41 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://abc.com/

[root@test-a nginx]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 a.com -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.14.1
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2018 22:59:55 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://abc.com/