@Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class Human { private String name; private int age; }
下面的操做都基于这个类来进行操做。这里面使用了Lombok类库,它用注解的方式实现了基本的get和set等方法,让代码看起来更加的优雅。java
在Java8以前,对集合排序只能建立一个匿名内部类编程
new Comparator<Human>() { @Override public int compare(Human h1, Human h2) { return h1.getName().compareTo(h2.getName()); } }
下面是简单的对Humans进行排序(按名称正序)ide
@Test public void testSortByName_with_plain_java() throws Exception { ArrayList<Human> humans = Lists.newArrayList( new Human("tomy", 22), new Human("li", 25) ); Collections.sort(humans, new Comparator<Human>() { public int compare(Human h1, Human h2) { return h1.getName().compareTo(h2.getName()); } }); Assert.assertThat(humans.get(0), equalTo(new Human("li", 25))); }
使用JAVA8函数式方式的比较器函数式编程
(Human h1, Human h2) -> h1.getName().compareTo(h2.getName())
下面是使用JAVA8函数式的比较的例子函数
@Test public void testSortByName_with_lambda() throws Exception { ArrayList<Human> humans = Lists.newArrayList( new Human("tomy", 22), new Human("li", 25) ); humans.sort((Human h1, Human h2) -> h1.getName().compareTo(h2.getName())); Assert.assertThat("tomy", equalTo(humans.get(1).getName())); }
对于上面的表达式还能够进行简化,JAVA编译器能够根据上下文推测出排序的类型:学习
(h1, h2) -> h1.getName().compareTo(h2.getName())
简化后的比较器是这样的:spa
@Test public void testSortByNameSimplify_with_lambda() throws Exception { ArrayList<Human> humans = Lists.newArrayList( new Human("tomy", 22), new Human("li", 25) ); humans.sort((h1, h2) -> h1.getName().compareTo(h2.getName())); Assert.assertThat("tomy", equalTo(humans.get(1).getName())); }
JAVA8还能够提供使用Lambda表达式的静态类型引用,咱们在Human类增长一个静态比较方法,以下:code
public static int compareByNameThenAge(Human h1, Human h2) { if (h1.getName().equals(h2.getName())) { return Integer.compare(h1.getAge(), h2.getAge()); } return h1.getName().compareTo(h2.getName()); }
而后就能够在humans.sort使用这个引用排序
@Test public void testSort_with_givenMethodDefinition() throws Exception { ArrayList<Human> humans = Lists.newArrayList( new Human("tomy", 22), new Human("li", 25) ); humans.sort(Human::compareByNameThenAge); Assert.assertThat("tomy", is(equalTo(humans.get(1).getName()))); }
JAVA8已经提供了不少方便的比较器供咱们使用,好比Comparator.comparing方法,因此能够使用Comparator.comparing方法来实现根据Human的name进行比较的操做:ip
@Test public void testSort_with_givenInstanceMethod() throws Exception { ArrayList<Human> humans = Lists.newArrayList( new Human("tomy", 22), new Human("li", 25) ); Collections.sort(humans, Comparator.comparing(Human::getName)); Assert.assertThat("tomy", equalTo(humans.get(1).getName())); }
JDK8中也提供了一个支持倒序排序的方法方便咱们更快的进行倒序
@Test public void testSort_with_comparatorReverse() throws Exception { ArrayList<Human> humans = Lists.newArrayList( new Human("tomy", 22), new Human("li", 25) ); Comparator<Human> comparator = (h1, h2) -> h1.getName().compareTo(h2.getName()); humans.sort(comparator.reversed()); Assert.assertThat("tomy", equalTo(humans.get(0).getName())); }
Lambda提供了更复杂的表达式,还能够先对name排序再根据age进行排序:
@Test public void testSort_with_multipleComparator() throws Exception { ArrayList<Human> humans = Lists.newArrayList( new Human("tomy", 22), new Human("li", 25) ); Comparator<Human> comparator = (h1, h2) -> { if (h1.getName().equals(h2.getName())) { return Integer.compare(h1.getAge(), h2.getAge()); } return h1.getName().compareTo(h2.getName()); }; humans.sort(comparator.reversed()); Assert.assertThat("tomy", equalTo(humans.get(0).getName())); }
Comparator对这种组合的排序有更优雅实现,从JDK8开始,咱们能够使用链式操做进行复合操做来构建更复杂的逻辑:
@Test public void testSort_with_multipleComparator_composition() throws Exception { ArrayList<Human> humans = Lists.newArrayList( new Human("tomy", 22), new Human("tomy", 25) ); humans.sort(Comparator.comparing(Human::getName).thenComparing(Human::getAge)); Assert.assertThat(humans.get(0), equalTo(new Human("tomy", 22))); }
JDK8真的是一个很是值得咱们学习的版本,它提供了Lambda表达式,带来了函数式编程的理念,让JAVA代码更优雅。