这一次我想讲解一下HTML+CSS的两栏、三栏布局以及垂直居中的实现方式。由于我的所学有限因此可能不会罗列出全部的实现方法,不过我会继续努力查漏补缺。布局
1.两栏布局(左固定,右适应)flex
先写出初始样式和结构。spa
<div class="container"> <div class="left">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div> <div class="right">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div> </div> div { height: 200px; color: #fff; }
.left { float: left; width: 300px; background-color: #5616; } .right { width: 100%; margin-left: 300px; background-color: #438; }
.left { position: absolute; left: 0; width: 300px; background-color: #5616; } .right { width: 100%; margin-left: 300px; background-color: #438; }
.container { display: flex; } .left { flex: 0 0 300px; background-color: #5616; } .right { flex: 1 1; background-color: #438; }
右固定,左适应同理。code
2.三栏布局orm
<div class="container"> <div class="left">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div> <div class="right">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div> <div class="main">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div> </div> div { height: 200px; color: #fff; } .main { width: 100%; margin-left: 300px; margin-right: 100px; background-color: #554; } .left { float: left; width: 300px; background-color: #5616; } .right { float: right; width: 100px; background-color: #438; }
.main { width: 100%; margin-left: 300px; margin-right: 100px; background-color: #554; } .left { position: absolute; left: 0px; width: 300px; background-color: #5616; } .right { position: absolute; right: 0px; width: 100px; background-color: #438; }
以上这些实现方式,虽然实现了但还不够好。由于main
是主要的显示区域,因此咱们应该先加载它再加载其它的地方。ip
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 300px auto 100px; //列的宽度 } .main { grid-row: 1; //第几行 background-color: #554; } .left { grid-row: 1; //第几行 background-color: #5616; } .right { grid-row: 1; //第几行 background-color: #438; }
.container { padding: 0 100px 0 300px; overflow: hidden; } .main { float: left; width: 100%; background-color: #554; } .left { position: relative; float: left; width: 300px; left: -300px; margin-left: -100%; background-color: #5616; } .right { position: relative; float: left; right: -100px; margin-left: -100px; width: 100px; background-color: #438; }
<div class="container"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="main">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div> </div> <div class="left">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div> <div class="right">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div> </div> div { height: 200px; color: #fff; } .wrap { float: left; width: 100%; } .main { margin: 0 100px 0 300px; overflow: hidden; background-color: #554; } .left { float: left; width: 300px; margin-left: -100%; background-color: #5616; } .right { float: left; width: 100px; margin-left: -100px; background-color: #438; }
两种布局方式的不一样之处在于如何处理中间主列的位置:rem
圣杯布局是利用父容器的左、右内边距+两个从列相对定位; 双飞翼布局是把主列嵌套在一个新的父级块中利用主列的左、右外边距进行布局调整
3.垂直居中it
<div class="container"> <div class="content"></div> </div> .container { position: relative; width: 500px; height: 500px; background-color: #5465; } .content { position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 50%; width: 200px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px; margin-top: -100px; background-color: #6465; }
.container { position: relative; width: 500px; height: 500px; background-color: #5465; } .content { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; width: 200px; height: 200px; margin: auto; background-color: #6465; }
.container { position: relative; width: 500px; height: 500px; background-color: #5465; } .content { position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 50%; width: 200px; height: 200px; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); background-color: #6465; }
.container { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 500px; height: 500px; background-color: #5465; } .content { width: 200px; height: 200px; background-color: #6465; }
.container { display: inline-block; width: 500px; height: 500px; text-align: center; background-color: #5465; } .content { display: inline-block; width: 200px; height: 200px; vertical-align: middle; background-color: #6465; } .container::after{ content: ''; display: inline-block; width: 0; height: 100%; vertical-align: middle; }
效果都以下io