Spring如何解决循环引用

概念

什么是循环引用？

故名思义，多个对象造成环路。

有哪几种循环引用？

在Spring中存在以下几种循环引用，一一举例分析一下

• 注入循环引用（Set注入 注解注入）

package c.q.m;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @Auther: chenqimiao
 * @Date: 2019/6/28 11:16
 * @Description:
 */
@Data
public class You {
    private Me me;
}

package c.q.m;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @Auther: chenqimiao
 * @Date: 2019/6/28 11:16
 * @Description:
 */
@Data
public class Me {
    private You you;
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    
    <bean id="me" class="c.q.m.Me">
        <property name="you" ref="you"/>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="you" class="c.q.m.You"> 
        <property name="me" ref="me"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

package c.q.m;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

/**
 * @Auther: chenqimiao
 * @Date: 2019/6/28 13:44
 * @Description:
 */
public class CircularReferenceTest {

    @Test
    public void injectionTest() {
        BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("circular-reference-beans-test-config.xml"));
        Me me = beanFactory.getBean(Me.class);
        You you = beanFactory.getBean(You.class);
        Assert.assertEquals(me.getYou(), you);
    }
}

• 构造器循环引用

package c.q.m;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;

/**
 * @Auther: chenqimiao
 * @Date: 2019/6/28 11:16
 * @Description:
 */
@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
public class You {
    private Me me;
}

package c.q.m;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;

/**
 * @Auther: chenqimiao
 * @Date: 2019/6/28 11:16
 * @Description:
 */
@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
public class Me {
    private You you;
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <bean id="me" class="c.q.m.Me">
        <constructor-arg ref="you"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="you" class="c.q.m.You">
        <constructor-arg ref="me"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

package c.q.m;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

/**
 * @Auther: chenqimiao
 * @Date: 2019/6/28 13:44
 * @Description:
 */
public class CircularReferenceTest {

    @Test
    public void constructorTest() {
        BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("circular-           reference-beans-test-config.xml"));
        Me me = beanFactory.getBean(Me.class);
        You you = beanFactory.getBean(You.class);
        Assert.assertEquals(me.getYou(), you);
    }
}

• 工厂构造循环引用（与构造器循环引用相似）

Spring如何解决

提早暴露一个ObjectFactory 类型的工厂对象，经过这种方式Spring解决了单例模式下的注入循环引用，至于其余类型的循环引用Spring也并无什么好的解决办法。

经过源码的方式来分析一下Spring的手段

• org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory

  protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class<T> requiredType,
            @Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {
  
        final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
        Object bean;
  
        // Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
        Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
        if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
                    logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
                            "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
                }
                else {
                    logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
                }
            }
            bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
        }
  
        else {
            // Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
            // We're assumably within a circular reference.
            if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
                throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
            }
  
            // Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
            BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
            if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
                // Not found -> check parent.
                String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
                if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
                    return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
                            nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
                }
                else if (args != null) {
                    // Delegation to parent with explicit args.
                    return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
                }
                else if (requiredType != null) {
                    // No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
                    return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
                }
                else {
                    return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup);
                }
            }
  
            if (!typeCheckOnly) {
                markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
            }
  
            try {
                final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
                checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
  
                // Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
                String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
                if (dependsOn != null) {
                    for (String dep : dependsOn) {
                        if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
                            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                                    "Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
                        }
                        registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
                        try {
                            getBean(dep);
                        }
                        catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
                            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                                    "'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);
                        }
                    }
                }
  
                // Create bean instance.
                if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
                    sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
                        try {
                            return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                        }
                        catch (BeansException ex) {
                            // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
                            // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
                            // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
                            destroySingleton(beanName);
                            throw ex;
                        }
                    });
                    bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                }
  
                else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
                    // It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
                    Object prototypeInstance = null;
                    try {
                        beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                        prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                    }
                    finally {
                        afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                    }
                    bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                }
  
                else {
                    String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
                    final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
                    if (scope == null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
                    }
                    try {
                        Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
                            beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                            try {
                                return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                            }
                            finally {
                                afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                            }
                        });
                        bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                    }
                    catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
                        throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
                                "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
                                "defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
                                ex);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (BeansException ex) {
                cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
                throw ex;
            }
        }
  
        // Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
        if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
            try {
                T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
                if (convertedBean == null) {
                    throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
                }
                return convertedBean;
            }
            catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
                            ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
                }
                throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
            }
        }
        return (T) bean;
    }

  跟踪上面的Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);方法

• org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry

  @Override
    @Nullable
    public Object getSingleton(String beanName) {
        return getSingleton(beanName, true);
    }
  
    @Nullable
    protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
        Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
        if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
            synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
                singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
                if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
            //*******singleFactory中拿到提早暴露的ObjectFactory对象******//
                    ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
                    if (singletonFactory != null) {
                        singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
                        this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
                        this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return singletonObject;
    }

  定位到这里，发现Spring再获取bean的时候，会去singletonFactories集合里面拿一个ObjectFactory

  对象，再调用其getObject()方法拿到咱们想要的bean.那么问题来了，singletonFactories的对象是什么时候put进去的？带着这个问题，咱们跟踪一下singletonFactories 这个集合。

  咱们回到org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory的doGetBean方法，定位到下面的代码段：

  // Create bean instance.
                if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
                    sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
                        try {
                            return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                        }
                        catch (BeansException ex) {
                            // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
                            // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
                            // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
                            destroySingleton(beanName);
                            throw ex;
                        }
                    });
                    bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
                }

  定义的bean是单例，则调用getSingleton方法，跟踪这个方法发现它是属于org.springframework.beans.factory.suppor.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry 的

  public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
        Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
        synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
            Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
            if (singletonObject == null) {
                if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {
                    throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,
                            "Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +
                            "(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");
                }
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
                }
                beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
                boolean newSingleton = false;
                boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);
                if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
                    this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
                }
                try {
                    singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
                    newSingleton = true;
                }
                catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
                    // Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime ->
                    // if yes, proceed with it since the exception indicates that state.
                    singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
                    if (singletonObject == null) {
                        throw ex;
                    }
                }
                catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
                    if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
                        for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {
                            ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
                        }
                    }
                    throw ex;
                }
                finally {
                    if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
                        this.suppressedExceptions = null;
                    }
                    afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
                }
                if (newSingleton) {
                    addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
                }
            }
            return singletonObject;
        }
    }

  这个方法提供了不少的扩展方法，可是咱们关注的核心是这一句话

  singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();而singletonFactory就是咱们刚刚传入的函数。

  try {
                            return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                        }
                        catch (BeansException ex) {
                            // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
                            // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
                            // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
                            destroySingleton(beanName);
                            throw ex;
                        }

  接着定位到createBean方法，它是属于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory的

  @Override
    protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
            throws BeanCreationException {
  
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
        }
        RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;
  
        // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point, and
        // clone the bean definition in case of a dynamically resolved Class
        // which cannot be stored in the shared merged bean definition.
        Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
        if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
            mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
            mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
        }
  
        // Prepare method overrides.
        try {
            mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
                    beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
        }
  
        try {
            // Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
            Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
            if (bean != null) {
                return bean;
            }
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                    "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
        }
  
        try {
            Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
            }
            return beanInstance;
        }
        catch (BeanCreationException | ImplicitlyAppearedSingletonException ex) {
            // A previously detected exception with proper bean creation context already,
            // or illegal singleton state to be communicated up to DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.
            throw ex;
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Unexpected exception during bean creation", ex);
        }
    }

  跟踪这一句话Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);

  protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
            throws BeanCreationException {
  
        // Instantiate the bean.
        BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
        if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
            instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
        }
        if (instanceWrapper == null) {
            instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
        }
        final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
        Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
        if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
            mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
        }
  
        // Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
        synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
            if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
                try {
                    applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
                }
                catch (Throwable ex) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                            "Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
                }
                mbd.postProcessed = true;
            }
        }
  
        // Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
        // even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
        boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
                isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
                        "' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
            }
            addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
        }
  
        // Initialize the bean instance.
        Object exposedObject = bean;
        try {
            populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
            exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
                throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
            }
            else {
                throw new BeanCreationException(
                        mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
            }
        }
  
        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
            if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
                if (exposedObject == bean) {
                    exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
                }
                else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
                    String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
                    Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
                    for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
                        if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
                            actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
                        }
                    }
                    if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
                        throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
                                "Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
                                StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
                                "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
                                "wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
                                "bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
                                "'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
  
        // Register bean as disposable.
        try {
            registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
        }
  
        return exposedObject;
    }

  真相差很少浮出水面了,请看这一句话

  addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));

  protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
        Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
        synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
            if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
                this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
                this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
                this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
            }
        }
    }

  this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);就在这里beanFactory被put进了singletonFactories.看一下singletonFactory具体的实现

  protected Object getEarlyBeanReference(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object bean) {
        Object exposedObject = bean;
        if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
            for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
                if (bp instanceof SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
                    SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                    exposedObject = ibp.getEarlyBeanReference(exposedObject, beanName);
                }
            }
        }
        return exposedObject;
    }

  将传入的bean通过BeanPostProcessor的处理后返回。那么传入的bean究竟是什么状态的bean呢？

  此时的bean是完成了初始化构造的bean，可是尚未进行set或者注解注入的bean,是bean的一个中间状态。

  说到这里应该差很少清晰了，Spring会在bean还未彻底实例化的时候，将bean包装在ObjectFactory里面，调用doGetBean的时候，先尝试去ObjectFactory中去拿还未彻底实例化的bean.

  You and Me 的例子在注解注入形成循环依赖时，Spring的调用链时序图以下：
  

  总结