装饰器模式 容许向一个现有的对象添加新的功能,同时又不改变其结构。装饰者能够在所委托被装饰者的行为以前或以后加上本身的行为,以达到特定的目的。java
装饰器模式由组件和装饰者组成。设计模式
抽象组件(Component):须要装饰的抽象对象。
具体组件(ConcreteComponent):是咱们须要装饰的对象
抽象装饰类(Decorator):内含指向抽象组件的引用及装饰者共有的方法。
具体装饰类(ConcreteDecorator):被装饰的对象。markdown
假设咱们如今去咖啡店要了一杯咖啡,能够加奶、加糖等等。咖啡和奶、糖分别有不一样的价格。
咖啡就是咱们的组件,奶和糖是咱们的装饰者,如今咱们要计算调制这样一杯咖啡花费多少。ide
Drink 接口类:post
package DesignPattern.Strategy.Decorator; public interface Drink { public float cost(); public String getDescription(); }
Coffee 类:测试
package DesignPattern.Strategy.Decorator; public class Coffee implements Drink { final private String description = "coffee"; //每杯 coffee 售价 10 元 public float cost() { return 10; } public String getDescription() { return description; } }
CondimentDecorator 调味抽象类:this
package DesignPattern.Strategy.Decorator; public abstract class CondimentDecorator implements Drink { protected Drink decoratorDrink; public CondimentDecorator(Drink decoratorDrink) { this.decoratorDrink = decoratorDrink; } public float cost() { return decoratorDrink.cost(); } public String getDescription() { return decoratorDrink.getDescription(); } }
Milk 牛奶装饰类:spa
package DesignPattern.Strategy.Decorator; public class Milk extends CondimentDecorator { public Milk(Drink decoratorDrink) { super(decoratorDrink); } @Override public float cost() { return super.cost() + 2; } @Override public String getDescription() { return super.getDescription() + " milk"; } }
Sugar 装饰类:设计
package DesignPattern.Strategy.Decorator; public class Sugar extends CondimentDecorator { public Sugar(Drink decoratorDrink) { super(decoratorDrink); } @Override public float cost() { return super.cost() + 1; } @Override public String getDescription() { return super.getDescription() + " sugar"; } }
测试代码:code
package DesignPattern.Strategy.Decorator; public class CoffeeShop { public static void main(String[] args) { //点一杯coffee Drink drink = new Coffee(); System.out.println(drink.getDescription() + ":" + drink.cost()); //加一份奶 drink = new Milk(drink); System.out.println(drink.getDescription() + ":" + drink.cost()); //加一份糖 drink = new Sugar(drink); System.out.println(drink.getDescription() + ":" + drink.cost()); //再加一份糖 drink = new Sugar(drink); System.out.println(drink.getDescription() + ":" + drink.cost()); } }
上图咱们能够看出 coffee 加不一样的调味料价格的不一样。
参考:
Head First 设计模式