以太坊联盟链-多节点私链搭建手册
| 修订日期 | 姓名 | 邮箱 |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-09-23 | brucefeng | brucefeng@brucefeng.com |
一. 前言
这半个月都在处理其余的事情，没来得及更新博客，今天看了下最近的博客访问量增长很多，说明51CTO的小伙伴们对区块链的兴趣程度仍是极大的，可是考虑到前面的几篇文章更多的都是关注于开发层面，而做为运维出身的笔者很清楚51CTO上面的大部分读者仍是运维同窗，因此在中秋节到来之际，写一篇运维同窗比较感兴趣也比较有兴趣去学习的文章。html
说实话，最近这大半年，区块链的圈子一直很是火(我指的是技术圈子，跟业务无关)，不只仅是区块链开发方向，区块链运维也是蛮紧俏的，由于除了须要掌握传统的DevOps技术以外(此处的传统并非老技术，特指运维必备技能统称)，更要熟悉区块链层面的相关软件或者平台，好比以太坊与超级帐本的私有化搭建与部署，固然如今最火爆的仍是对以太坊的研究。node
二. 环境配置
1.配置操做系统环境
本文的操做环境是在虚拟机上完成，共计三台虚拟机(配置尽可能高上去，以下这个配置挖矿太耗时)linux
| 主机名 | IP地址 | 操做系统 | 内存/GB | CPU/核 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nodeA.brucefeng.com | 172.16.222.189 | Ubuntu18.04 LTS | 2 | 2 |
| nodeB.brucefeng.com | 172.16.222.190 | Ubuntu18.04 LTS | 2 | 2 |
| nodeC.brucefeng.com | 172.16.222.191 | Ubuntu18.04 LTS | 2 | 2 |
以nodeA为例进行相关配置，其余节点配置操做相同git
(1) 更新软件源
根据本身须要选择是否须要更换软件源，此处用的是原生的便可。github
$ sudo apt-get update
(2) 安装相关工具
sudo apt-get install vim openssh-server ntp ntpdate make gcc net-tools -y
(3) 配置主机名
$ sudo hostname nodeA.brucefeng.com
(4) 配置地址解析
$ vim /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 172.16.222.189 nodeA.brucefeng.com 172.16.222.190 nodeB.brucefeng.com 172.16.222.191 nodeC.brucefeng.com
hostname --fqdn验证web
$ hostname -f nodeA.brucefeng.com
(5) 同步时间
- 修改时区
$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Shanghai"
- 手动同步
$ sudo ntpdate time1.aliyun.com
- 同步硬件时间
$ sudo hwclock -w # 系统时间同步至硬件
手动设置完毕后，再经过以下方式进行ntp服务的配置，能够选择现有或者自建的时间服务器json
- 测试连通性
$ ntpdate -q time1.aliyun.com server 203.107.6.88, stratum 2, offset 0.050751, delay 0.06232 22 Sep 21:04:36 ntpdate[8082]: adjust time server 203.107.6.88 offset 0.050751 sec
- 修改配置文件
$ sudo cp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf_brucefeng_201809231208 #备份配置文件 $ sudo vim /etc/ntp.conf //修改配置文件
修改信息以下ubuntu
# Use servers from the NTP Pool Project. Approved by Ubuntu Technical Board # on 2011-02-08 (LP: #104525). See http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html for # more information. #pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst #pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst #pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst #pool 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst server time1.aliyun.com server time2.aliyun.com server time3.aliyun.com server time4.aliyun.com server time5.aliyun.com server time6.aliyun.com server time7.aliyun.com
- 启动ntp服务
$ sudo systemctl restart ntp #启动ntp服务
2.配置Golang环境
以下操做在三台机器上均须要执行完毕vim
(1) 下载go安装包
$ mkdir ethereum ;cd ethereum $ wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.11.linux-amd64.tar.gz
(2) 解压安装包
$ sudo tar zxvf go1.11.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
(3) 配置环境变量
$ mkdir -p ~/workspace/{src,pkg,bin}
$ sudo cp /etc/profile /etc/profile_brucefeng_201809231354
$ sudo vim /etc/profile
添加以下配置api
#Setting For Golang export GOROOT="/usr/local/go" export GOPATH="/home/ubuntu/workspace" export GOBIN=$GOPATH/bin export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
(4) 检查配置
$ source /etc/profile $ go env
出现以下信息表示安装完毕
GOARCH="amd64" GOBIN="/home/ubuntu/workspace/bin" GOCACHE="/home/ubuntu/.cache/go-build" GOEXE="" GOFLAGS="" GOHOSTARCH="amd64" GOHOSTOS="linux" GOOS="linux" GOPATH="/home/ubuntu/workspace" GOPROXY="" ......
三. 安装部署
1.获取源代码
以太坊的源码文件网址以下
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
能够选择经过git clone或者下载zip包的方式进行源代码的获取,为了方便起见，本文直接下载zip包上传至三台节点进行解压部署。
(1) 下载源码包
$ cd /home/ubuntu/ethereum $ wget https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/archive/master.zip
(2) 解压源码包
$ unzip master.zip $ mkdir ~/workspace/github.com/ $ mv go-ethereum-master/ ~/workspace/github.com/go-ethereum $ cd ~/workspace/github.com/go-ethereum ; make geth #编译安装
(3) 添加环境变量
$ sudo vim /etc/profile
添加并修改以下信息
export GETH="$GOPATH/github.com/go-ethereum/build" export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GETH/bin
(4) 测试生效
$ source /etc/profile $ geth --help
2.建立创世区块
(1) 建立数据存储目录
$ mkdir -p /home/ubuntu/nodeA/data0 $ cd /home/ubuntu/nodeA
(2) 创世区块配置文件genesis.json
{
"config": {
"chainId": 66,
"homesteadBlock": 0,
"eip155Block": 0,
"eip158Block": 0
},
"alloc" : {},
"coinbase" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"difficulty" : "0x20000",
"extraData" : "",
"gasLimit" : "0x2fefd8",
"nonce" : "0x0000000000000042",
"mixhash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"parentHash" :"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"timestamp" : "0x00"
}
(3) 初始化创世区块
$ geth --datadir data0/ init genesis.json
3.启动服务
$ geth --datadir data0/ --networkid 66 --nodiscover console
- nodiscover :设置为不自动发现，用于控制联盟链的节点加入
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! 显示启动成功
4.节点通讯
(1) 查看集群节点
> admin.peers []
目前为空状态，代表未于其余节点进行通讯。
(2) 获取节点信息
> admin.nodeInfo.enode
分别在三个节点的console上执行命令，显示以下:
NodeA
"enode://d0d6a32cacb349c8f8c92372dc3a1e118384720636519a46c14067a3b62f6cfa8549a8766ade0f91790ebdadfb44341e03c50a171b714070527be96ed037707e@[::]:30303?discport=0"
NodeB
"enode://d9fc148c9808fbfee7954bd3324bfdff42777de7d2545ac3c2357f05939dbd8ee153cd32320a05f4dbf18138007f743f3a2097b62e71c3c47bb3cf1559dd1328@[::]:30303?discport=0"
NodeC
"enode://246782d2429f4697e18009505989ed82c2c0a664aab96ed80b96e28be42b6d9e2d11b27806ea43e46fddfcb3e9a41e9df4889636f51e3dadc0c937b0735d0bdc@[::]:30303?discport=0"
(3)将NodeB加入NodeA
在NodeA节点上执行以下命令
>admin.addPeer("enode://d9fc148c9808fbfee7954bd3324bfdff42777de7d2545ac3c2357f05939dbd8ee153cd32320a05f4dbf18138007f743f3a2097b62e71c3c47bb3cf1559dd1328@172.16.222.190:30303")
返回true表示加入成功
注意点
- 将[::]修改成正确节点的IP地址(此处不支持DNS解析的域名)
- 删除discport=0
(4) 查看新加入的节点
> admin.peers
在NodeA节点上执行以下命令
经过查看localAddress跟remoteAddress查看节点关联信息。
在NodeB节点上执行以下命令
在NodeC节点上执行以下命令
> admin.peers []
(5) 将NodeC加入NodeA与NodeB
在NodeA节点上执行以下命令
>admin.addPeer("enode://246782d2429f4697e18009505989ed82c2c0a664aab96ed80b96e28be42b6d9e2d11b27806ea43e46fddfcb3e9a41e9df4889636f51e3dadc0c937b0735d0bdc@172.16.222.191:30303")
在NodeB节点上执行以下命令
>admin.addPeer("enode://246782d2429f4697e18009505989ed82c2c0a664aab96ed80b96e28be42b6d9e2d11b27806ea43e46fddfcb3e9a41e9df4889636f51e3dadc0c937b0735d0bdc@172.16.222.191:30303")
(6) 查看节点加入信息
在NodeA节点上执行以下命令
在NodeB节点上执行以下命令
在NodeC节点上执行以下命令
注意: 节点关机后，会自动被删除，节点从新启动后，会自动加入节点集群,可是若是全部节点所有断掉，则须要从新添加。
四.转帐测试
1.建立帐户
(1) 查看当前节点上的帐户
> personal.listAccounts
或者
> eth.accounts
(2) 建立新帐户
> personal.newAccount("brucefeng1991")
"0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed"
> personal.newAccount("brucefeng1992")
"0xc4f132a71da05257a71ae5872beabd12c50dbb81"
(3) 查看建立的帐户
> personal.listAccounts ["0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed", "0xc4f132a71da05257a71ae5872beabd12c50dbb81"]
查看帐户地址
> personal.listWallets
(4) 查看挖矿帐户
> eth.coinbase INFO [09-23|18:17:20.246] Etherbase automatically configured address=0xcD3d95c64394452313b539a1f2dE54Eab2B80eEd "0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed"
默认状况下，平台会选择建立的第一个帐户做为挖矿帐户(coinbase)，能够经过miner.setEthbase()进行coinbase帐户的设置。
2.挖矿测试
注意：在执行挖矿命令以前，务必在节点上面设置挖矿帐户(coinbase)，不然会报错
Error: etherbase missing: etherbase must be explicitly specified
(1) 帐户信息
NodeA
["0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed", "0xc4f132a71da05257a71ae5872beabd12c50dbb81"]
NodeB
["0x22160d844b4016ed8f45ce63c405de72b1946696", "0x23e80b2f1f74fc6da4bcb015d17ed642bcc98c06"]
NodeC
["0xa37539c0f41fea23c81f65b196df825202bc3bb5", "0x3c9cdb2f29606a0b35ae95b51521a41bb5b48e27"]
(2) 直接挖矿
> miner.start()
INFO [09-23|18:57:41.223] Updated mining threads threads=6 INFO [09-23|18:57:41.223] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=1000000000 null > INFO [09-23|18:57:41.225] Commit new mining work number=1 sealhash=b16ebe…9b0094 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=794.985µs > INFO [09-23|18:57:52.671] Successfully sealed new block number=1 sealhash=b16ebe…9b0094 hash=082473…eb94b6 elapsed=11.446s INFO [09-23|18:57:52.671] ined potential block number=1 hash=082473…eb94b6 INFO [09-23|18:57:52.672] Commit new mining work number=2 sealhash=7a67a7…3c98aa uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=1.062ms INFO [09-23|18:57:55.115] Successfully sealed new block number=2 sealhash=7a67a7…3c98aa hash=c5cd53…c3e66b elapsed=2.443s INFO [09-23|18:57:55.115] ined potential block number=2 hash=c5cd53…c3e66b INFO [09-23|18:57:55.116] Commit new mining work number=3 sealhash=cc1414…f36ad7 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=343.53µs INFO [09-23|18:57:55.166] Successfully sealed new block number=3 sealhash=cc1414…f36ad7 hash=765d41…03ce17 elapsed=50.270ms INFO [09-23|18:57:55.166] ined potential block number=3 hash=765d41…03ce17 INFO [09-23|18:57:55.167] Commit new mining work number=4 sealhash=cb5122…e36b2c uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=718.996µs INFO [09-23|18:57:58.048] Successfully sealed new block number=4 sealhash=cb5122…e36b2c hash=ab1e6d…03b40b elapsed=2.881s INFO [09-23|18:57:58.048] ined potential block number=4 hash=ab1e6d…03b40b INFO [09-23|18:57:58.049] Commit new mining work number=5 sealhash=0dd5ab…5d47d9 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=159.
注意:尽可能将虚拟机的配置调高一点，不然会出现如下这些信息，耗时很是久。
INFO [09-23|18:48:45.223] Updated mining threads threads=2 INFO [09-23|18:48:45.229] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=1000000000 INFO [09-23|18:48:45.230] Etherbase automatically configured address=0x22160D844B4016eD8f45cE63C405DE72B1946696 null > INFO [09-23|18:48:45.236] Commit new mining work number=1 sealhash=88e805…da6df6 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=4.290ms INFO [09-23|18:48:48.930] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=0 elapsed=2.961s INFO [09-23|18:48:51.895] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=1 elapsed=5.926s INFO [09-23|18:48:54.739] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=2 elapsed=8.770s ..........无尽的等待......... INFO [09-23|18:53:50.638] Generated ethash verification cache epoch=0 elapsed=5m4.669s INFO [09-23|18:54:08.357] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=0 elapsed=15.480s INFO [09-23|18:54:19.874] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=1 elapsed=26.997s INFO [09-23|18:54:29.911] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=2 elapsed=37.034s ..........无尽的等待......... WARN [09-23|18:57:57.836] Discarded bad propagated block number=1 hash=082473…eb94b6 INFO [09-23|18:57:58.398] Block synchronisation started INFO [09-23|18:57:58.404] Mining aborted due to sync INFO [09-23|18:57:58.611] Imported new state entries count=1 elapsed=1.352ms processed=1 pending=0 retry=0 duplicate=0 unexpected=0 INFO [09-23|18:57:58.870] Imported new block headers count=4 elapsed=95.436ms number=4 hash=ab1e6d…03b40b INFO [09-23|18:57:58.889] Imported new chain segment blocks=4 txs=0 mgas=0.000 elapsed=16.862ms mgasps=0.000 number=4 hash=ab1e6d…03b40b cache=849.00B INFO [09-23|18:57:58.892] Imported new block headers count=1 elapsed=20.452ms number=5 hash=75e595…4e4cc2 INFO [09-23|18:57:58.893] Imported new chain segment blocks=1 txs=0 mgas=0.000 elapsed=316.348µs mgasps=0.000 number=5 hash=7 ..........无尽的等待......... INFO [09-23|19:07:35.250] Generated ethash verification cache epoch=1 elapsed=13m42.368s INFO [09-23|19:09:28.613] Successfully sealed new block number=37 sealhash=95e0e0…ad356d hash=7506d6…015be8 elapsed=10m54.093s INFO [09-23|19:09:28.614] ined potential block number=37 hash=7506d6…015be8 INFO [09-23|19:09:28.619] Commit new mining work number=38 sealhash=96b6b0…b3d462 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=662.942µs INFO [09-23|19:12:33.104] Successfully sealed new block number=38 sealhash=96b6b0…b3d462 hash=a91e1b…a15902 elapsed=3m4.484s INFO [09-23|19:12:33.105] ined potential block number=38 hash=a91e1b…a15902 INFO [09-23|19:12:33.107] Commit new mining work number=39 sealhash=6bf2a3…0d8be3 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=2.170ms
(3) 中止挖矿
> miner.stop()
3.查询余额
NodeA
coinbase帐户: 0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed
> eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase) 180000000000000000000
或者
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 180000000000000000000
或者对结果进行单位转换
> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]),'ether') 180
NodeB查询NodeA的coinbase帐户
> eth.getBalance("0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed")
180000000000000000000
NodeC查询NodeA的coinbase帐户
> eth.getBalance("0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed")
180000000000000000000
一样，在NodeA和NodeC上面一样能够查询NodeB上面帐号地址的余额。
4.交易转帐
场景: NodeA(原有额度:180)的挖矿地址向NodeB(原有额度:10)的挖矿地址转入2 ETH
(1) 解锁帐户
在进行交易转帐以前，咱们须要对交易转出方的帐户进行解锁操做。
NodeA上执行命令
> personal.unlockAccount("0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed")
Unlock account 0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed
Passphrase:
true
(2) 设置转帐金额
将ETH转成Wei进行交易
> transferAmount= web3.toWei(2,'ether') "2000000000000000000"
(3) 执行转帐
>eth.sendTransaction({from:"0xcd3d95c64394452313b539a1f2de54eab2b80eed",to:"0x22160d844b4016ed8f45ce63c405de72b1946696",value:transferAmount})
返回结果
INFO [09-23|20:13:20.968] Setting new local account address=0xcD3d95c64394452313b539a1f2dE54Eab2B80eEd INFO [09-23|20:13:20.968] Submitted transaction fullhash=0xd115c9ccfb1bfcc92faaf3ef6fae34ba670ef68cb03807d82d943141851985ce recipient=0x22160D844B4016eD8f45cE63C405DE72B1946696 "0xd115c9ccfb1bfcc92faaf3ef6fae34ba670ef68cb03807d82d943141851985ce"
(4) 查询交易池状态
> txpool.status
{
pending: 1,
queued: 0
}
(5) 执行挖矿
指定只挖一个区块
> miner.start() ; admin.sleepBlocks(1),miner.stop()
(6) 查看结果
- 查看交易池
> txpool.status
{
pending: 0,
queued: 0
}
- 查看余额
NodeB的CoinBase帐户余额
> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance("0x22160d844b4016ed8f45ce63c405de72b1946696"),'ether')
12
五.合约部署
用于测试的合约，咱们能够沿用上一篇博客《以太坊智能合约项目-Token合约开发与部署中定义的Token合约。
pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
contract EIP20Interface{
//获取_owner地址的余额
function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 balance);
//转帐:从本身帐户向_to地址转入_value个Token
function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value)public returns (bool success);
//转帐:从_from向_to转_value个Token
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success);
//容许_spender从本身(调用方)帐户转走_value个Token
function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) returns (bool success);
//本身_owner查询__spender地址能够转走本身多少个Token
function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) view returns (uint256 remaining);
//转帐的时候必需要调用的时间，好比Tranfer,TransferFrom
event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 _value);
//成功执行approve方法后调用的事件
event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint256 _value);
}
contract BFCToken is EIP20Interface {
//1.获取token名字，好比"BruceFeng Coin"
string public name;
//2.获取Token简称,好比"BFC"
string public symbol;
//3.获取小数位，好比以太坊的decimals为18
uint8 public decimals;
//4.获取token发布的总量，好比HT 5亿
uint256 public totalSupply;
mapping(address=>uint256) balances ;
mapping(address=>mapping(address=>uint256)) allowances;
function BFCToken(string _name,string _symbol, uint8 _decimals,uint256 _totalSupply) public{
name = _name;
symbol = _symbol;
decimals = _decimals;
totalSupply = _totalSupply;
balances[msg.sender] = _totalSupply;
}
//获取_owner地址的余额
function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 balance){
return balances[_owner];
}
//转帐:从本身帐户向_to地址转入_value个Token
function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value)public returns (bool success){
require(_value >0 && balances[_to] + _value > balances[_to] && balances[msg.sender] > _value);
balances[_to] += _value;
balances[msg.sender] -= _value;
Transfer(msg.sender, _to,_value);
return true;
}
//转帐:从_from向_to转_value个Token
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success){
uint256 allowan = allowances[_from][_to];
require(allowan > _value && balances[_from] >= _value && _to == msg.sender && balances[_to] + _value>balances[_to]);
allowances[_from][_to] -= _value;
balances[_from] -= _value;
balances[_to] += _value;
Transfer(_from,_to,_value);
return true;
}
//容许_spender从本身(调用方)帐户转走_value个Token
function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) returns (bool success){
require(_value >0 && balances[msg.sender] > _value);
allowances[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
Approval(msg.sender,_spender,_value);
return true;
}
//本身_owner查询_spender地址能够转走本身多少个Token
function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) view returns (uint256 remaining){
return allowances[_owner][_spender];
}
}
1.获取信息
(1) 获取合约的ABI信息
[
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [],
"name": "name",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "string"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "view",
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": false,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "_spender",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "_value",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"name": "approve",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "success",
"type": "bool"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [],
"name": "totalSupply",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "view",
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": false,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "_from",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "_to",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "_value",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"name": "transferFrom",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "success",
"type": "bool"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [],
"name": "decimals",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "uint8"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "view",
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "_owner",
"type": "address"
}
],
"name": "balanceOf",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "balance",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "view",
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [],
"name": "symbol",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "",
"type": "string"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "view",
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": false,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "_to",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "_value",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"name": "transfer",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "success",
"type": "bool"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
"type": "function"
},
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "_owner",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "_spender",
"type": "address"
}
],
"name": "allowance",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "remaining",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "view",
"type": "function"
},
{
"inputs": [
{
"name": "_name",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "_symbol",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "_decimals",
"type": "uint8"
},
{
"name": "_totalSupply",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
"type": "constructor"
},
{
"anonymous": false,
"inputs": [
{
"indexed": true,
"name": "_from",
"type": "address"
},
{
"indexed": true,
"name": "_to",
"type": "address"
},
{
"indexed": false,
"name": "_value",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"name": "Transfer",
"type": "event"
},
{
"anonymous": false,
"inputs": [
{
"indexed": true,
"name": "_owner",
"type": "address"
},
{
"indexed": true,
"name": "_spender",
"type": "address"
},
{
"indexed": false,
"name": "_value",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"name": "Approval",
"type": "event"
}
]
经过http://www.bejson.com/zhuanyi/进行JSON压缩后的结果以下
[{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_spender","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"approve","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_from","type":"address"},{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"decimals","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint8"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"}],"name":"balanceOf","outputs":[{"name":"balance","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"name":"_spender","type":"address"}],"name":"allowance","outputs":[{"name":"remaining","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"name":"_name","type":"string"},{"name":"_symbol","type":"string"},{"name":"_decimals","type":"uint8"},{"name":"_totalSupply","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"_from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"_spender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"}]
在NodeA上执行命令,将以上ABI压缩字段复制给ABI变量
> ABI = [{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_spender","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"approve","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_from","type":"address"},{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"decimals","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint8"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"}],"name":"balanceOf","outputs":[{"name":"balance","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[{"name":"success","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"name":"_spender","type":"address"}],"name":"allowance","outputs":[{"name":"remaining","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"name":"_name","type":"string"},{"name":"_symbol","type":"string"},{"name":"_decimals","type":"uint8"},{"name":"_totalSupply","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"_from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"_to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"_owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"_spender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"_value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"}]
(2) 获取合约对象
bruceToken = eth.contract(ABI)
(3) 获取合约二进制代码
经过BYTECODE获取Object信息
赋值的时候，切记在前面加上
0x
> bruceHEX = "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"
2.执行部署
(1) 实例化Token合约
中秋节Token发给你们，祝你们中秋节快乐 :-)
bruceTokenBZQJT = bruceToken.new("Brucefeng ZHONGQIU Token ","BZQJT",18,8888000000000000000000,{from:eth.accounts[0],data:bruceHEX,gas:3000000})
参数信息
- name : "Brucefeng ZHONGQIU Token "
- symbol: BZQJT"
- decimals: 18
- totalSupply: 8888000000000000000000
记录下以下信息便可
- 交易Hash: 0xe8118238fc7eeec6a8e3e07d8877b480fbe06716add30aa2cf4a5fa5629e1b3a
- 合约地址: 0xc191EceD0ddf7D9aE883E24Ff6ed5fd6004c718F
(2) 打包交易，执行挖矿
查看交易池信息
> txpool.status
{
pending: 1,
queued: 0
}
>
执行挖矿
miner.start() ; admin.sleepBlocks(1),miner.stop()
3.测试合约
由于针对于合约的测试，在本文中并不是是重点，因此，此处只进行简单的测试
(1) Token参数值
> bruceTokenBZQJT.name() "Brucefeng ZHONGQIU Token "
> bruceTokenBZQJT.symbol() "BZQJT"
> bruceTokenBZQJT.decimals() 18
> bruceTokenBZQJT.totalSupply() 8.888e+21
(2) Token转帐操做
从当前NodeA的coinbase帐户转帐
0.8个中秋Token到NodeB的coinbase帐户
>bruceTokenBZQJT.transfer("0x22160d844b4016ed8f45ce63c405de72b1946696",800000000000000000,{from:eth.accounts[0],data:bruceHEX,gas:3000000})
查看NodeA,NodeB的coinbase帐户中
中秋Token的余额
4.节点同步
此处的节点同步并不是同步合约到其余节点，合约在一台节点上部署完毕后，全部节点均已经同步，此处的节点同步代指在其余节点上面想要对合约进行相关的操做时须要准备的操做。
(1) 获取合约信息
-
获取合约的ABI信息
-
获取合约对象
- 获取合约的二进制代码
以上三个步骤直接参照上文进行变量定义便可,只是不须要执行执行部署的操做了。
(2) 获取合约实例
经过合约地址直接能够获取合约实例
> TokenNodeB = bruceToken.at("0xc191EceD0ddf7D9aE883E24Ff6ed5fd6004c718F")
此时，能够在新的节点上面对合约进行任意功能内的测试与使用了。
六.附录
1. 创世区块配置文件参数说明
| 参数名 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| chainId | 指定独立的区块链网络ID，1-4为保留ID，其中1为主网ID，其他为测试网 |
| alloc | 用来设置帐号以及帐号的以太币数量，私有链能够不进行设置 |
| coinbase | 用于获取挖矿奖励的矿工帐号 |
| difficulty | 设置挖矿的难度系数 |
| extraData | 附加信息，自定义便可 |
| gasLimit | 设置对gas的消耗总量的限制,私有链中能够填写任意数值(大数值) |
| nonce | 用于进行挖矿的随机数 |
| mixhash | 与nonce配合使用，用于挖矿 |
| parentHash | 上一个区块的Hash值，因为该区块为创世区块，因此父Hash值为0 |
| timestamp | 时间戳 |
data0目录中的相关文件列表
- chaindata : 存储区块数据
- keystore: 存储帐户数据
2. 私链服务启动常见参数说明
| 参数名 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| identity | 用于标识区块链的名称 |
| init | 用于指定创世区块的位置，而且建立创世区块以及相关目录结构 |
| datadir | 设置当前区块链网络数据存放的位置 |
| port | 区块链启动的监听端口，默认为30303 |
| rpc | 启用RPC服务，能够用于智能合约的部署与调试，默认监听127.0.0.1,端口为8545 |
| rpcapi | 设置RPC提供的API接口类型，通常为db,eth.net.web3 |
| networkid | 设置当前区块链的网络ID |
| nodiscover | 设置节点不被自动发现，用于控制节点的加入 |
| console | 启用命令行模式，用于执行命令 |
| help | 帮助命令，全部参数的汇总 |
3.控制台命令说明
以太坊提供了一个交互式的JavaScript环境，能够在该环境中进行命令或者代码的执行操做，其中一些经常使用的以太坊JavaScript对象能够直接被调用。
| 对象名 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| eth | 操做区块链相关的方法 |
| eth.accounts | 查看当前系统中的全部帐户地址 |
| eth.getBalance() | 查询帐户余额，返回单位为Wei(1 ether=10^18Wei) |
| eth.blockNumber | 列出区块总数 |
| eth.getTransaction() | 获取指定交易的状态信息 |
| eth.getBlock() | 获取指定区块的信息 |
| net | 用于查看p2p网络状态 |
| admin | 管理节点相关的方法 |
| admin.peers | 查看通信的节点信息 |
| admin.addPeer() | 添加通信P2P节点 |
| miner | 启动/中止挖矿相关方法 |
| personal | 用于管理帐户 |
| personal.newAccount() | 建立帐户 |
| personal.unlockAccount() | 解锁帐户 |
| txpool | 查看交易池信息, txpool.status() |
| web3 | 包含了以上对象以及单位换算等方法 |
| web3.fromWei() | Wei换算成ether或者其余单位 |
| web3.toWei() | 将ether或者其余单位换算成Wei |
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