【CSS】CSS经常使用技巧

概述

相信你们在写css属性的时候,会遇到一些问题,好比说:垂直对齐,垂直居中,背景渐变更画,表格宽度自适应,模糊文本,样式重置,清除浮动,通用媒体查询,自定义选择文本,强制出现滚动条,固定头部和页脚,本身在网上看到的一篇关于css的文章,感受这里边一些经常使用的css代码片断对你们颇有帮助,因此我就把这篇文章分享给你们,但愿你们可以喜欢。css

一、垂直对齐

若是你用CSS,则你会有困惑:我该怎么垂直对齐容器中的元素?如今,利用CSS3的Transform,能够很优雅的解决这个困惑:html

.verticalcenter{
    position: relative;
    top: 50%;
    -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
    -o-transform: translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

使用这个技巧,从单行文本、段落到box,都会垂直对齐。目前浏览器对Transform的支持是须要关注的,css3

Chrome 4, Opera 10, Safari 3, Firefox 3, and Internet Explorer 9均支持该属性

二、伸展一个元素到窗口高度

在具体场景中,你可能想要将一个元素伸展到窗口高度,基本元素的调整只能调整容器的大小,所以要使一个元素伸展到窗口高度,
咱们须要伸展顶层元素:html和body:web

html, 
body {
    height: 100%;
}

而后将100%应用到任何元素的高express

div {
    height: 100%;
}

三、基于文件格式使用不一样的样式

为了更容易知道连接的目标,有时你想让一些连接看起来和其它的不一样。下面的片断在文本连接前添加一个图标,对不一样的资源使用不一样的图标或图片:canvas

a[href^="http://"]{
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url(external.gif) no-repeat center right;
}
/* emails */
a[href^="mailto:"]{
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url(email.png) no-repeat center right;
}

/* pdfs */
a[href$=".pdf"]{
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url(pdf.png) no-repeat center right;
}

四、背景渐变更画

CSS中最具诱惑的一个功能是能添加动画效果,除了渐变,你能够给背景色、透明度、元素大小添加动画。目前,你不能为渐变添加动画,但下面的代码可能有帮助。它经过改变背景位置,让它看起来有动画效果。浏览器

button {
    background-image: linear-gradient(#5187c4, #1c2f45);
    background-size: auto 200%;
    background-position: 0 100%;
    transition: background-position 0.5s;
}    
button:hover {
    background-position: 0 0;
}

五、CSS:表格列宽自适用

对于表格,当谈到调整列宽时,是比较痛苦的。而后,这里有一个可使用的技巧:给td元素添加white-space: nowrap;能让文本正确的换行ruby

td {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

六、只在一边或两边显示盒子阴影

若是你要一个盒阴影,试试这个技巧,能为任一边添加阴影。为了实现这个,首先定义一个有具体宽高的盒子,而后正肯定位:after伪类。实现底边阴影的代码以下app

.box-shadow {
    background-color: #FF8020;
    width: 160px;
    height: 90px;
    margin-top: -45px;
    margin-left: -80px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
}
.box-shadow:after {
    content: "";
    width: 150px;
    height: 1px;
    margin-top: 88px;
    margin-left: -75px;
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    z-index: -1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
       -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
            box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
}

七、包裹长文本

若是你碰到一个比自身容器长的文本,这个技巧对你颇有用。在这个示例中,默认时,无论容器的宽度,文本都将水平填充。ide

简单的CSS代码就能在容器中调整文本:

pre {
    white-space: pre-line;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

效果看起来以下:

八、制造模糊文本

想要让文本模糊?可使用color透明和text-shadow实现

.blurry-text {
   color: transparent;
   text-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
}

九、用CSS动画实现省略号动画

这个片断将帮助你制造一个ellipsis的动画,对于简单的加载状态是颇有用的,而不用去使用gif图像。

.loading:after {
    overflow: hidden;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: bottom;
    animation: ellipsis 2s infinite;
    content: "\2026"; /* ascii code for the ellipsis character */
}
@keyframes ellipsis {
    from {
        width: 2px;
    }
    to {
        width: 15px;
    }
}

十、样式重置

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  font-size: 100%;
  font: inherit;
  vertical-align: baseline;
  outline: none;
  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
html { height: 101%; }
body { font-size: 62.5%; line-height: 1; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; }
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section { display: block; }
ol, ul { list-style: none; }
blockquote, q { quotes: none; }
blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; }
strong { font-weight: bold; } 
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; }
img { border: 0; max-width: 100%; }
p { font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.0em; color: #333; }

十一、典型的CSS清除浮动

.clearfix:after {
 content: "."; 
 display: block;
 clear: both;
 visibility: hidden;
 line-height: 0;
 height: 0; 
}
.clearfix { display: inline-block; }
html[xmlns] .clearfix { display: block; }
* html .clearfix { height: 1%; }

十二、新版清除浮动(2011)

.clearfix:before, .container:after { content: ""; display: table; }
.clearfix:after { clear: both; }
/* IE 6/7 */
.clearfix { zoom: 1; }

1三、跨浏览器的透明

.transparent {
    filter: alpha(opacity=50); /* internet explorer */
    -khtml-opacity: 0.5;      /* khtml, old safari */
    -moz-opacity: 0.5;       /* mozilla, netscape */
    opacity: 0.5;           /* fx, safari, opera */
}

1四、通用媒体查询

/* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen 
and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 321px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : landscape) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Desktops and laptops ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1224px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Large screens ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1824px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPhone 4 ----------- */
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5) {
  /* Styles */
}

1五、自定义文本选择

::selection { background: #e2eae2; }
::-moz-selection { background: #e2eae2; }
::-webkit-selection { background: #e2eae2; }

1六、为logo隐藏H1

h1 {
    text-indent: -9999px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 320px;
    height: 85px;
    background: transparent url("images/logo.png") no-repeat scroll;
}

1七、锚连接伪类

a:link { color: blue; }
a:visited { color: purple; }
a:hover { color: red; }
a:active { color: yellow; }

1八、CSS3:全屏背景

html { 
    background: url('images/bg.jpg') no-repeat center center fixed; 
    -webkit-background-size: cover;
    -moz-background-size: cover;
    -o-background-size: cover;
    background-size: cover;
}

1九、内容垂直居中

.container {
    min-height: 6.5em;
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

20、强制出现垂直滚动条

html { height: 101% }

2一、CSS3渐变模板

#colorbox {
    background: #629721;
    background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#83b842), to(#629721));
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
}

2二、CSS3 斑马线

tbody tr:nth-child(odd) {
    background-color: #ccc;
}

2三、内部CSS3 盒阴影

#mydiv { 
    -moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
    box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
}

2四、外部CSS3 盒阴影

#mydiv { 
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52);
}

2五、三角形列表项目符号

ul {
    margin: 0.75em 0;
    padding: 0 1em;
    list-style: none;
}
li:before { 
    content: "";
    border-color: transparent #111;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 0.35em 0 0.35em 0.45em;
    display: block;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    left: -1em;
    top: 0.9em;
    position: relative;
}

2六、固定宽度的居中布局

#page-wrap {
    width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

2七、CSS3 列文本

#columns-3 {
    text-align: justify;
    -moz-column-count: 3;
    -moz-column-gap: 12px;
    -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #c4c8cc;
    -webkit-column-count: 3;
    -webkit-column-gap: 12px;
    -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #c4c8cc;
}

2八、CSS固定页脚

#footer {
    position: fixed;
    left: 0px;
    bottom: 0px;
    height: 30px;
    width: 100%;
    background: #444;
}
/* IE 6 */
* html #footer {
    position: absolute;
    top: expression((0-(footer.offsetHeight)+(document.documentElement.clientHeight ? document.documentElement.clientHeight : document.body.clientHeight)+(ignoreMe = document.documentElement.scrollTop ? document.documentElement.scrollTop : document.body.scrollTop))+'px');
}

2九、跨浏览器设置最小高度

#container {
    min-height: 550px;
    height: auto !important;
    height: 550px;
}

30、CSS3 鲜艳的输入

input[type=text], textarea {
    -webkit-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    -moz-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    -ms-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    -o-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    outline: none;
    padding: 3px 0px 3px 3px;
    margin: 5px 1px 3px 0px;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
}
input[type=text]:focus, textarea:focus {
    box-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(81, 203, 238, 1);
    padding: 3px 0px 3px 3px;
    margin: 5px 1px 3px 0px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(81, 203, 238, 1);
}

3一、基于文件类型的连接样式

/* external links */
a[href^="http://"] {
    padding-right: 13px;
    background: url('external.gif') no-repeat center right;
}
/* emails */
a[href^="mailto:"] {
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url('email.png') no-repeat center right;
}
/* pdfs */
a[href$=".pdf"] {
    padding-right: 18px;
    background: url('acrobat.png') no-repeat center right;
}

3二、强制换行

pre {
    white-space: pre-wrap;       /* css-3 */
    white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;  /* Mozilla, since 1999 */
    white-space: -pre-wrap;      /* Opera 4-6 */
    white-space: -o-pre-wrap;    /* Opera 7 */
    word-wrap: break-word;       /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */
}

3三、在可点击的项目上强制手型

a[href], input[type='submit'], input[type='image'], label[for], select, button, .pointer {
    cursor: pointer;
}

3四、CSS3对话气泡

.chat-bubble {
    background-color: #ededed;
    border: 2px solid #666;
    font-size: 35px;
    line-height: 1.3em;
    margin: 10px auto;
    padding: 10px;
    position: relative;
    text-align: center;
    width: 300px;
    -moz-border-radius: 20px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 5px #888;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 5px #888;
    font-family: 'Bangers', arial, serif; 
}
.chat-bubble-arrow-border {
    border-color: #666 transparent transparent transparent;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 20px;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -42px;
    left: 30px;
}
.chat-bubble-arrow {
    border-color: #ededed transparent transparent transparent;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 20px;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -39px;
    left: 30px;
}

3五、H1-H5默认样式

h1,h2,h3,h4,h5{
    color: #005a9c;
}
h1{
    font-size: 2.6em;
    line-height: 2.45em;
}
h2{
    font-size: 2.1em;
    line-height: 1.9em;
}
h3{
    font-size: 1.8em;
    line-height: 1.65em;
}
h4{
    font-size: 1.65em;
    line-height: 1.4em;
}
h5{
    font-size: 1.4em;
    line-height: 1.25em;
}

3六、CSS悬浮提示文本

a { 
    border-bottom:1px solid #bbb;
    color:#666;
    display:inline-block;
    position:relative;
    text-decoration:none;
}
a:hover,
a:focus {
    color:#36c;
}
a:active {
    top:1px; 
}
/* Tooltip styling */
a[data-tooltip]:after {
    border-top: 8px solid #222;
    border-top: 8px solid hsla(0,0%,0%,.85);
    border-left: 8px solid transparent;
    border-right: 8px solid transparent;
    content: "";
    display: none;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    left: 25%;
    position: absolute;
}
a[data-tooltip]:before {
    background: #222;
    background: hsla(0,0%,0%,.85);
    color: #f6f6f6;
    content: attr(data-tooltip);
    display: none;
    font-family: sans-serif;
    font-size: 14px;
    height: 32px;
    left: 0;
    line-height: 32px;
    padding: 0 15px;
    position: absolute;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 1px hsla(0,0%,0%,1);
    white-space: nowrap;
    -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
    -moz-border-radius: 5px;
    -o-border-radius: 5px;
    border-radius: 5px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:hover:after {
    display: block;
    top: -9px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:hover:before {
    display: block;
    top: -41px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:active:after {
    top: -10px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:active:before {
    top: -42px;
}

3七、深灰色的圆形按钮

.graybtn {
    -moz-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
    -webkit-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
    box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
    background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #ffffff), color-stop(1, #d1d1d1) );
    background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #ffffff 5%, #d1d1d1 100% );
    filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffffff', endColorstr='#d1d1d1');
    background-color:#ffffff;
    -moz-border-radius:6px;
    -webkit-border-radius:6px;
    border-radius:6px;
    border:1px solid #dcdcdc;
    display:inline-block;
    color:#777777;
    font-family:arial;
    font-size:15px;
    font-weight:bold;
    padding:6px 24px;
    text-decoration:none;
    text-shadow:1px 1px 0px #ffffff;
}
.graybtn:hover {
    background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #d1d1d1), color-stop(1, #ffffff) );
    background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #d1d1d1 5%, #ffffff 100% );
    filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#d1d1d1', endColorstr='#ffffff');
    background-color:#d1d1d1;
}
.graybtn:active {
    position:relative;
    top:1px;
}

3八、在可打印的网页中显示URLs

@media print   {  
  a:after {  
    content: " [" attr(href) "] ";  
  }  
}

3九、CSS3 圆点图案

body {
    background: radial-gradient(circle, white 10%, transparent 10%),
    radial-gradient(circle, white 10%, black 10%) 50px 50px;
    background-size: 100px 100px;
}

40、CSS font属性缩写

p {
  font: italic small-caps bold 1.2em/1.0em Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica;
}

4一、论文页面的卷曲效果

ul.box {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1; /* prevent shadows falling behind containers with backgrounds */
    overflow: hidden;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0; 
}
ul.box li {
    position: relative;
    float: left;
    width: 250px;
    height: 150px;
    padding: 0;
    border: 1px solid #efefef;
    margin: 0 30px 30px 0;
    background: #fff;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset;
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset; 
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset; 
}
ul.box li:before,
ul.box li:after {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    left: 10px;
    bottom: 10px;
    width: 70%;
    max-width: 300px; /* avoid rotation causing ugly appearance at large container widths */
    max-height: 100px;
    height: 55%;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -webkit-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -moz-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -ms-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -o-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg); 
}
ul.box li:after {
    left: auto;
    right: 10px;
    -webkit-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -moz-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -ms-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -o-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg); 
}

4二、鲜艳的锚连接

a {
    color: #00e;
}
a:visited {
    color: #551a8b;
}
a:hover {
    color: #06e;
}
a:focus {
    outline: thin dotted;
}
a:hover, a:active {
    outline: 0;
}
a, a:visited, a:active {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
    -webkit-transition: all .3s ease-in-out;
}
a:hover, .glow {
    color: #ff0;
    text-shadow: 0 0 10px #ff0;
}

4三、禁用移动Webkit的选择高亮

body {
    -webkit-touch-callout: none;
    -webkit-user-select: none;
    -khtml-user-select: none;
    -moz-user-select: none;
    -ms-user-select: none;
    user-select: none;
}

4四、css3实现头像变灰

CSS过滤器属性可以实现将图片变为灰色
(支持Firefox 3.5+, Opera 15+, Safari, Chrome, and IE)
-webkit-filter: grayscale(100%);  
-webkit-filter: grayscale(1);  
filter: grayscale(100%);  
filter: gray;

4五、图片与文字在赞成div中中间对齐

<div class="image-text">
    <img src="xxxx"/>
    <p>文字<p/>
</div>
.image-text {
    display:inline-block;
    vertical-align:middle;
}

4六、实现水平和垂直翻转

transform: scale(-1, 1);//水平翻转
transform: scale(1, -1);//垂直翻转
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