html
<template> <div id="home"> <Header/> <Banner/> <Footer/> </div> </template> <script> import Header from "./common/Header" import Banner from "./common/Banner" import Footer from "./common/Footer" export default { name:"Home", data(){ return { } }, components:{ Header, Banner, Footer, } } </script> <style scoped> </style>
前端
<template> <div class="header"> <el-container> <el-header> <el-row> <el-col class="logo" :span="3"> <a href="/"> <img src="@/assets/head-logo.svg" alt=""> </a> </el-col> <el-col class="nav" :span="16"> <el-row> <el-col :span="3"><router-link class="current" to="/course">免费课</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="3"><router-link to="/">轻课</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="3"><router-link to="/">学位课</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="3"><router-link to="/">题库</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="3"><router-link to="/">教育</router-link></el-col> </el-row> </el-col> <el-col class="login-bar" :span="5"> <el-row v-if="token"> <el-col class="cart-ico" :span="9"> <router-link to=""> <b class="goods-number">0</b> <img class="cart-icon" src="@/assets/cart.svg" alt=""> <span><router-link to="/cart">购物车</router-link></span> </router-link> </el-col> <el-col class="study" :span="8" :offset="2"><router-link to="">学习中心</router-link></el-col> <el-col class="member" :span="5"> <el-menu class="el-menu-demo" mode="horizontal"> <el-submenu index="2"> <template slot="title"><router-link to=""><img src="@/assets/logo@2x.png" alt=""></router-link></template> <el-menu-item index="2-1">个人帐户</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-2">个人订单</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-3">个人优惠卷</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-3">退出登陆</el-menu-item> </el-submenu> </el-menu> </el-col> </el-row> <el-row v-else> <el-col class="cart-ico" :span="9"> <router-link to=""> <img class="cart-icon" src="@/assets/cart.svg" alt=""> <span><router-link to="/cart">购物车</router-link></span> </router-link> </el-col> <el-col :span="10" :offset="5"> <span class="register"> <router-link to="/login">登陆</router-link> | <router-link to="/register">注册</router-link> </span> </el-col> </el-row> </el-col> </el-row> </el-header> </el-container> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Header", data(){ return { // 设置一个登陆标识,表示是否登陆 token: false, }; } } </script> <style scoped> .header{ top:0; left:0; right:0; margin: auto; background-color: #fff; height: 80px; z-index: 1000; position: fixed; box-shadow: 0 0.5px 0.5px 0 #c9c9c9; } .header .el-container{ width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; } .el-header{ height: 80px!important; padding:0; } .logo{ } .logo img{ padding-top: 22px; } .nav{ margin-top: 22px; } .nav .el-col a{ display: inline-block; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; position: relative; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 20px; } .nav .el-col .current{ color: #4a4a4a; border-bottom: 4px solid #ffc210; } .login-bar{ margin-top: 22px; } .cart-ico{ position: relative; border-radius: 17px; } .cart-ico:hover{ background: #f0f0f0; } .goods-number{ width: 16px; height: 16px; line-height: 17px; font-size: 12px; color: #fff; text-align: center; background: #fa6240; border-radius: 50%; transform: scale(.8); position: absolute; left: 16px; top: -1px; } .cart-icon{ width: 15px; height: auto; margin-left: 6px; } .cart-ico span{ margin-left: 12px; } .member img{ width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; } .member img:hover{ border: 1px solid yellow; } </style>
Footer.vuevue
<template> <div class="footer"> <el-container> <el-row> <el-col :span="4"><router-link to="">关于咱们</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="4"><router-link to="">联系咱们</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="4"><router-link to="">商务合做</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="4"><router-link to="">帮助中心</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="4"><router-link to="">意见反馈</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="4"><router-link to="">新手指南</router-link></el-col> <el-col :span="24"><p class="copyright">Copyright © luffycity.com版权全部 | 京ICP备17072161号-1</p></el-col> </el-row> </el-container> </div> </template> <script> export default { name:"Footer", data(){ return {} } } </script> <style scoped> .footer{ width: 100%; height: 128px; background: #25292e; } .footer .el-container{ width: 1200px; margin: auto; } .footer .el-row { align-items: center; padding: 0 200px; padding-bottom: 15px; width: 100%; margin-top: 38px; } .footer .el-row a{ color: #fff; font-size: 14px; } .footer .el-row .copyright{ text-align: center; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; } </style>
python
<template> <div class="banner"> <el-carousel trigger="click" height="473px"> <el-carousel-item v-for="banner in banner_list"> <a :href="banner.link"><img width="100%" :src="banner.img" alt=""></a> </el-carousel-item> </el-carousel> </div> </template> <script> export default { name:"Banner", data(){ return { banner_list:[ {link:"http://www.baidu.com",img:"/static/banner/1.png"}, {link:"http://www.baidu.com",img:"/static/banner/2.png"}, {link:"http://www.baidu.com",img:"/static/banner/3.png"}, ] }; } } </script> <style> .el-carousel__arrow{ width: 100px!important; height: 100px!important; } .el-icon-arrow-left{ font-size: 35px; margin-left: 50px; } .el-carousel__arrow--left{ left: -50px; } </style>
ios
import Vue from "vue" import Router from "vue-router" // 导入须要注册路由的组件 import Home from "../components/Home" Vue.use(Router); // 配置路由列表 export default new Router({ mode:"history", routes:[ // 路由列表 { name:"Home", path: "/home", component:Home, }, { name:"Home", path: "/", component:Home, } ] })
前面已经安装了,若是没有安装则须要安装git
pip install pillow
由于以前修改了后端的排版格式,因此如今的settings都在dev.py 文件中设置github
# 设置django的静态文件目录 STATICFILES_DIRS = [ os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"luffy/statics") ] # 项目中存储上传文件的根目录[暂时配置],注意,static目录须要手动建立不然上传文件时报错 MEDIA_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"luffy/statics") # 访问上传文件的url地址前缀 MEDIA_URL ="/media/"
总路由urls.py新增代码:web
from django.urls import re_path from django.conf import settings from django.views.static import serve urlpatterns = [ ... re_path(r'media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {"document_root": settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), ]
redis
## cd luffy/apps python ../../manage.py startapp home
算法
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) # 新增一个系统导包路径 import sys sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"apps")) INSTALLED_APPS = [ # 注意,加上drf框架的注册 'rest_framework', # 子应用 'home', ]
在home/models.py建立模型
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class BannerInfo(models.Model): """ 轮播图 """ # upload_to 存储子目录,真实存放地址会使用配置中的MADIE_ROOT+upload_to image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='轮播图', null=True,blank=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='轮播图名称') note = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='备注信息') link = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='轮播图广告地址') orders = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='显示顺序') is_show=models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否上架",default=False) is_delete=models.BooleanField(verbose_name="逻辑删除",default=False) class Meta: db_table = 'ly_banner' verbose_name = '轮播图' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name
数据迁移
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer from .models import BannerInfo class BannerInfoSerializer(ModelSerializer): """轮播图序列化器""" class Meta: model=BannerInfo fields = ("image","link")
from django.db.models import Q from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView from .models import BannerInfo from .serializers import BannerInfoSerializer class BannerInfoListAPIView(ListAPIView): """ 轮播图列表 """ queryset = BannerInfo.objects.filter( Q(is_show=True) & Q(is_delete=False) ).order_by("-orders") serializer_class = BannerInfoSerializer
from django.urls import path,re_path from . import views urlpatterns = [ path(r"banner/",views.BannerInfoListAPIView.as_view()), ]
把home的路由urls.py注册到总路由
from django.urls import path,include urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('', include("home.urls")), ]
因此咱们须要有一个后台提供数据.
# 使用官方文档上面的安装方法,在ubantu上会安装失败,须要用下面的方法 pip install https://codeload.github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin/zip/django2
在配置文件中settings/dev.py 注册以下应用
INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... 'xadmin', 'crispy_forms', 'reversion', ... ] # 修改使用中文界面 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans' # 修改时区 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
xadmin有创建本身的数据库模型类,须要进行数据库迁移
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
在总路由中添加xadmin的路由信息
import xadmin xadmin.autodiscover() # version模块自动注册须要版本控制的 Model from xadmin.plugins import xversion xversion.register_models() urlpatterns = [ path(r'xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls), ]
若是以前没有建立超级用户,须要建立,若是有了,则能够直接使用以前的。
python manage.py createsuperuser
import xadmin from xadmin import views class BaseSetting(object): """xadmin的基本配置""" enable_themes = True # 开启主题切换功能 use_bootswatch = True xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting) class GlobalSettings(object): """xadmin的全局配置""" site_title = "路飞学城" # 设置站点标题 site_footer = "路飞学城有限公司" # 设置站点的页脚 menu_style = "accordion" # 设置菜单折叠 xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)
在当前子应用中adminx.py,添加以下代码
# 轮播图 from .models import BannerInfo class BannerInfoModelAdmin(object): list_display=["name","orders","is_show"] xadmin.site.register(BannerInfo, BannerInfoModelAdmin)
class HomeConfig(AppConfig): name = 'home' verbose_name = '个人首页'
在home.py/ __init_.py 加上
default_app_config = "home.apps.HomeConfig"
<template> <div class="banner"> <el-carousel trigger="click" height="506px"> <el-carousel-item v-for="item in banner_list"> <a :href="item.link"><img :src="item.image"></a> </el-carousel-item> </el-carousel> </div> </template> <script> export default { name:"Banner", data(){ return { banner_list:[], }; }, created: function(){ // 获取轮播图 this.$axios.get(this.$settings.Host+"/banner/").then(response => { console.log(response.data) this.banner_list = response.data }).catch(error => { console.log(error.response); }); } } </script>
引入一个公共模型【抽象模型,不会在数据迁移的时候为它建立表】
公共模型,保存项目的公共代码库目录下luffy/utils.py文件中。
from django.db import models class BaseModel(models.Model): """公共字段模型""" orders = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='显示顺序') is_show=models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否上架",default=False) is_delete=models.BooleanField(verbose_name="逻辑删除",default=False) create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True,verbose_name="添加时间") update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True,verbose_name="更新时间") class Meta: # 设置当前模型在数据迁移的时候不要为它建立表 abstract = True
那么这是在model中有一样的字段的状况就不会产生重复的字段
from django.db import models from luffy.utils.models import BaseModel # Create your models here. class BannerInfo(BaseModel): """ 轮播图 """ # upload_to 存储子目录,真实存放地址会使用配置中的MADIE_ROOT+upload_to image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='轮播图', null=True,blank=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='轮播图名称') note = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='备注信息') link = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='轮播图广告地址') class Meta: db_table = 'ly_banner' verbose_name = '轮播图' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class NavInfo(BaseModel): """ 导航 """ NAV_POSITION = ( (0, 'top'), (1, 'footer') ) name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='导航名称') link = models.CharField(max_length=250, verbose_name='导航地址') opt = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=NAV_POSITION, default=0, verbose_name='位置') class Meta: db_table = 'ly_nav' verbose_name = '导航' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name
数据迁移
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer from .models import NavInfo class NavInfoSerializer(ModelSerializer): """导航序列化器""" class Meta: model=NavInfo fields = ("name","link")
from .models import NavInfo from .serializers import NavInfoSerializer class NavInfoAPIView(ListAPIView): """ 导航列表 """ queryset = NavInfo.objects.filter( Q(is_show=True) & Q(is_delete=False) & Q(opt=0) ).order_by("-orders") serializer_class = NavInfoSerializer
from django.urls import path,re_path from . import views urlpatterns = [ ... path(r"nav/",views.NavInfoAPIView.as_view()), ]
在当前子应用adminx.py,添加以下代码
# 导航 from home.models import NavInfo class NavInfoInfoModelAdmin(object): list_display=["name","link","is_show"] xadmin.site.register(NavInfo, NavInfoInfoModelAdmin)
<template> <div class="header"> <el-container> <el-header> <el-row> <el-col class="logo" :span="3"> <a href="/"> <img src="@/assets/head-logo.svg" alt=""> </a> </el-col> <el-col class="nav" :span="16"> <el-row> <el-col v-for="nav in nav_list" :span="3"><a :class="check(nav.link)?'current':''" :href="nav.link">{{nav.name}}</a></el-col> </el-row> </el-col> <el-col class="login-bar" :span="5"> <el-row v-if="token"> <el-col class="cart-ico" :span="9"> <router-link to=""> <b class="goods-number">0</b> <img class="cart-icon" src="@/assets/cart.svg" alt=""> <span><router-link to="/cart">购物车</router-link></span> </router-link> </el-col> <el-col class="study" :span="8" :offset="2"><router-link to="">学习中心</router-link></el-col> <el-col class="member" :span="5"> <el-menu class="el-menu-demo" mode="horizontal"> <el-submenu index="2"> <template slot="title"><router-link to=""><img src="@/assets/logo@2x.png" alt=""></router-link></template> <el-menu-item index="2-1">个人帐户</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-2">个人订单</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-3">个人优惠卷</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="2-3">退出登陆</el-menu-item> </el-submenu> </el-menu> </el-col> </el-row> <el-row v-else> <el-col class="cart-ico" :span="9"> <router-link to=""> <img class="cart-icon" src="@/assets/cart.svg" alt=""> <span><router-link to="/cart">购物车</router-link></span> </router-link> </el-col> <el-col :span="10" :offset="5"> <span class="register"> <router-link to="/login">登陆</router-link> | <router-link to="/register">注册</router-link> </span> </el-col> </el-row> </el-col> </el-row> </el-header> </el-container> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "Header", data(){ return { // 设置一个登陆标识,表示是否登陆 token: false, nav_list:[], }; }, created() { // 获取导航 this.$axios.get(this.$settings.Host+"/nav/").then(response=>{ this.nav_list = response.data console.log(this.nav_list) }).catch(error=>{ console.log(error.response) }) }, methods:{ check(link){ return link==window.location.pathname } } } </script> <style scoped> .header{ top:0; left:0; right:0; margin: auto; background-color: #fff; height: 80px; z-index: 1000; position: fixed; box-shadow: 0 0.5px 0.5px 0 #c9c9c9; } .header .el-container{ width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; } .el-header{ height: 80px!important; padding:0; } .logo{ } .logo img{ padding-top: 22px; } .nav{ margin-top: 22px; } .nav .el-col a{ display: inline-block; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; position: relative; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 20px; } .nav .el-col .current{ color: #4a4a4a; border-bottom: 4px solid #ffc210; } .login-bar{ margin-top: 22px; } .cart-ico{ position: relative; border-radius: 17px; } .cart-ico:hover{ background: #f0f0f0; } .goods-number{ width: 16px; height: 16px; line-height: 17px; font-size: 12px; color: #fff; text-align: center; background: #fa6240; border-radius: 50%; transform: scale(.8); position: absolute; left: 16px; top: -1px; } .cart-icon{ width: 15px; height: auto; margin-left: 6px; } .cart-ico span{ margin-left: 12px; } .member img{ width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; } .member img:hover{ border: 1px solid yellow; } </style>
<template> <div class="login box"> <img src="https://www.luffycity.com/static/img/Loginbg.3377d0c.jpg" alt=""> <div class="login"> <div class="login-title"> <img src="https://www.luffycity.com/static/img/Logotitle.1ba5466.png" alt=""> <p>帮助有志向的年轻人经过努力学习得到体面的工做和生活!</p> </div> <div class="login_box"> <div class="title"> <span @click="login_type=0">密码登陆</span> <span @click="login_type=1">短信登陆</span> </div> <div class="inp" v-if="login_type==0"> <input v-model = "username" type="text" placeholder="用户名 / 手机号码" class="user"> <input v-model = "password" type="password" name="" class="pwd" placeholder="密码"> <div id="geetest1"></div> <div class="rember"> <p> <input type="checkbox" class="no" name="a"/> <span>记住密码</span> </p> <p>忘记密码</p> </div> <button class="login_btn">登陆</button> <p class="go_login" >没有帐号 <span>当即注册</span></p> </div> <div class="inp" v-show="login_type==1"> <input v-model = "username" type="text" placeholder="手机号码" class="user"> <input v-model = "password" type="text" class="pwd" placeholder="短信验证码"> <button id="get_code">获取验证码</button> <button class="login_btn">登陆</button> <p class="go_login" >没有帐号 <span>当即注册</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'Login', data(){ return { login_type: 0, username:"", password:"", } }, methods:{ }, }; </script> <style scoped> .box{ width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; overflow: hidden; } .box img{ width: 100%; min-height: 100%; } .box .login { position: absolute; width: 500px; height: 400px; top: 0; left: 0; margin: auto; right: 0; bottom: 0; top: -338px; } .login .login-title{ width: 100%; text-align: center; } .login-title img{ width: 190px; height: auto; } .login-title p{ font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; font-size: 18px; color: #fff; letter-spacing: .29px; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 50px; } .login_box{ width: 400px; height: auto; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5); border-radius: 4px; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 40px; } .login_box .title{ font-size: 20px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .32px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; display: flex; justify-content: space-around; padding: 50px 60px 0 60px; margin-bottom: 20px; cursor: pointer; } .login_box .title span:nth-of-type(1){ color: #4a4a4a; border-bottom: 2px solid #84cc39; } .inp{ width: 350px; margin: 0 auto; } .inp input{ border: 0; outline: 0; width: 100%; height: 45px; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-indent: 20px; font-size: 14px; background: #fff !important; } .inp input.user{ margin-bottom: 16px; } .inp .rember{ display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; position: relative; margin-top: 10px; } .inp .rember p:first-of-type{ font-size: 12px; color: #4a4a4a; letter-spacing: .19px; margin-left: 22px; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; /*position: relative;*/ } .inp .rember p:nth-of-type(2){ font-size: 14px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .19px; cursor: pointer; } .inp .rember input{ outline: 0; width: 30px; height: 45px; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-indent: 20px; font-size: 14px; background: #fff !important; } .inp .rember p span{ display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; width: 100px; /*position: absolute;*/ /*left: 20px;*/ } #geetest{ margin-top: 20px; } .login_btn{ width: 100%; height: 45px; background: #84cc39; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 16px; color: #fff; letter-spacing: .26px; margin-top: 30px; } .inp .go_login{ text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .26px; padding-top: 20px; } .inp .go_login span{ color: #84cc39; cursor: pointer; } </style>
import Vue from "vue" import Router from "vue-router" // 导入须要注册路由的组件 import Home from "../components/Home" import Login from "../components/Login" Vue.use(Router); // 配置路由列表 export default new Router({ mode:"history", routes:[ // 路由列表 ... { name:"Login", path: "/login", component:Login, } ] })
Header.vue
<router-link to="/login">登陆</router-link>
Django默认已经提供了认证系统。认证系统包含:
用户管理
权限
用户组
密码哈希系统
用户登陆或内容显示的表单和视图
一个可插拔的后台系统
Django默认用户的认证机制依赖Session机制,咱们在项目中将引入JWT认证机制,将用户的身份凭据存放在Token中,而后对接Django的认证系统,帮助咱们来实现:
用户的数据模型
用户密码的加密与验证
用户的权限系统
Django认证系统中提供了用户模型类User保存用户的数据,默认的User包含如下常见的基本字段:
字段描述 | |
---|---|
username |
必选。150个字符之内。 用户名可能包含字母数字,_ ,@ ,+ . 和- 个字符。 |
first_name |
可选(blank=True )。 少于等于30个字符。 |
last_name |
可选(blank=True )。 少于等于30个字符。 |
email |
可选(blank=True )。 邮箱地址。 |
password |
必选。 密码的哈希加密串。 (Django 不保存原始密码)。 原始密码能够无限长并且能够包含任意字符。 |
groups |
与Group 之间的多对多关系。 |
user_permissions |
与Permission 之间的多对多关系。 |
is_staff |
布尔值。 设置用户是否能够访问Admin 站点。 |
is_active |
布尔值。 指示用户的帐号是否激活。 它不是用来控制用户是否可以登陆,而是描述一种账号的使用状态。 |
is_superuser |
是不是超级用户。超级用户具备全部权限。 |
last_login |
用户最后一次登陆的时间。 |
date_joined |
帐户建立的时间。 当帐号建立时,默认设置为当前的date/time。 |
set_password
(raw_password)
设置用户的密码为给定的原始字符串,并负责密码的。 不会保存User
对象。当None
为raw_password
时,密码将设置为一个不可用的密码。
check_password
(raw_password)
若是给定的raw_password是用户的真实密码,则返回True,能够在校验用户密码时使用。
管理器方法便可以经过User.objects.
进行调用的方法。
create_user
(username, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields)
建立、保存并返回一个User
对象。
create_superuser
(username, email, password, **extra_fields)
与create_user()
相同,可是设置is_staff
和is_superuser
为True
。
python ../../manage.py startapp users
在settings.py文件中注册子应用。
INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... 'users', ]
Django认证系统中提供的用户模型类及方法很方便,咱们可使用这个模型类,可是字段有些没法知足项目需求,如本项目中须要保存用户的手机号,须要给模型类添加额外的字段。
Django提供了django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser
用户抽象模型类容许咱们继承,扩展字段来使用Django认证系统的用户模型类。
咱们能够在apps中建立Django应用users,并在配置文件中注册users应用。
在建立好的应用users.py/models.py中定义用户的用户模型类。
class User(AbstractUser): """用户模型类""" mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, verbose_name='手机号') class Meta: db_table = 'ly_users' verbose_name = '用户' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
咱们自定义的用户模型类还不能直接被Django的认证系统所识别,须要在配置文件中告知Django认证系统使用咱们自定义的模型类。
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.User'
AUTH_USER_MODEL点.应用名.模型类名
注意:Django建议咱们对于AUTH_USER_MODEL参数的设置必定要在第一次数据库迁移以前就设置好,不然后续使用可能出现未知错误。
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
在用户注册或登陆后,咱们想记录用户的登陆状态,或者为用户建立身份认证的凭证。咱们再也不使用Session认证机制,而使用Json Web Token认证机制。
Json web token (JWT), 是为了在网络应用环境间传递声明而执行的一种基于JSON的开放标准((RFC 7519).该token被设计为紧凑且安全的,特别适用于分布式站点的单点登陆(SSO)场景。JWT的声明通常被用来在身份提供者和服务提供者间传递被认证的用户身份信息,以便于从资源服务器获取资源,也能够增长一些额外的其它业务逻辑所必须的声明信息,该token也可直接被用于认证,也可被加密。
jwt的头部承载两部分信息:
声明类型,这里是jwt
完整的头部就像下面这样的JSON:
{
'typ': 'JWT',
'alg': 'HS256'
}
而后将头部进行base64加密(该加密是能够对称解密的),构成了第一部分.
eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9
标准中注册的声明
公共的声明
私有的声明
标准中注册的声明 (建议但不强制使用) :
iss: jwt签发者
sub: jwt所面向的用户
aud: 接收jwt的一方
exp: jwt的过时时间,这个过时时间必需要大于签发时间
nbf: 定义在什么时间以前,该jwt都是不可用的.
iat: jwt的签发时间
jti: jwt的惟一身份标识,主要用来做为一次性token,从而回避重放攻击。
公共的声明 : 公共的声明能够添加任何的信息,通常添加用户的相关信息或其余业务须要的必要信息.但不建议添加敏感信息,由于该部分在客户端可解密.
私有的声明 : 私有声明是提供者和消费者所共同定义的声明,通常不建议存放敏感信息,由于base64是对称解密的,意味着该部分信息能够归类为明文信息。
定义一个payload:
{
"sub": "1234567890",
"name": "John Doe",
"admin": true
}
而后将其进行base64加密,获得JWT的第二部分。
eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9
JWT的第三部分是一个签证信息,这个签证信息由三部分组成:
header (base64后的)
payload (base64后的)
secret
这个部分须要base64加密后的header和base64加密后的payload使用.
链接组成的字符串,而后经过header中声明的加密方式进行加盐secret
组合加密,而后就构成了jwt的第三部分。
secret就是用来进行jwt的签发和jwt的验证,因此,它就是你服务端的私钥,在任何场景都不该该流露出去。一旦客户端得知这个secret, 那就意味着客户端是能够自我签发jwt了。
关于签发和核验JWT,咱们可使用Django REST framework JWT扩展来完成。
文档网站http://getblimp.github.io/django-rest-framework-jwt/
安装
pip install djangorestframework-jwt
配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ( 'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication', 'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', 'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication', ), } import datetime JWT_AUTH = { 'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=1), }
from django_redis import get_redis_connection from rest_framework import serializers from .models import User import re class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): sms_code = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, max_length=6, min_length=6, required=True, help_text="短信验证码") password2 = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, help_text="确认密码") token = serializers.CharField(read_only=True, help_text="jwt token值") class Meta: model = User # fields = ["mobile","sms_code","id","token"] fields = ["mobile", "id", "token", "password", "password2", "username", "sms_code"] extra_kwargs = { "id": {"read_only": True}, "username": {"read_only": True}, "password": {"write_only": True}, "mobile": {"write_only": True} } def validate_mobile(self, mobile): # 验证格式 result = re.match('^1[3-9]\d{9}$', mobile) if not result: raise serializers.ValidationError("手机号码格式有误!") # 验证惟一性 try: user = User.objects.get(mobile=mobile) if user: raise serializers.ValidationError("当前手机号码已经被注册!") except User.DoesNotExist: pass return mobile def validate(self, attrs): # 判断密码长度 password = attrs.get("password") if not re.match('^.{6,16}$', password): raise serializers.ValidationError("密码长度必须在6-16位之间!") # 判断密码和确认密码是否一致 password2 = attrs.get("password2") if password != password2: raise serializers.ValidationError("密码和确认密码不一致!") # 验证短信验证码 mobile = attrs.get("mobile") redis = get_redis_connection("sms_code") try: real_sms_code = redis.get("%s_sms_code" % mobile).decode() except: raise serializers.ValidationError("验证码已存在,或已通过期") if real_sms_code != attrs.get("sms_code"): raise serializers.ValidationError("验证码不存在,或错误") # 删除本次使用的验证码 try: redis.delete("%s_sms_code" % mobile) except: pass return attrs def create(self, validated_data): """保存用户""" mobile = validated_data.get("mobile") password = validated_data.get("password") try: user = User.objects.create( mobile=mobile, username=mobile, password=password, ) # 密码加密 user.set_password(user.password) user.save() except: raise serializers.ValidationError("注册用户失败!") # 生成一个jwt from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER payload = jwt_payload_handler(user) user.token = jwt_encode_handler(payload) return user
在用户注册或登陆成功后,在序列化器中返回用户信息之后同时返回token便可。
Django REST framework JWT提供了登陆获取token的视图,能够直接使用
from rest_framework_jwt.views import obtain_jwt_token urlpatterns = [ path(r'authorizations/', obtain_jwt_token, name='authorizations'), ]
在主路由中,引入当前子应用的路由文件
urlpatterns = [ ... path('users/', include("users.urls")), # include 的值必须是 模块名.urls 格式,字符串中间只能出现一个圆点 ]
在登录组件中找到登录按钮,绑定点击事件
<button class="login_btn" @click="loginhander">登陆</button>
在methods中请求后端
export default { name: 'Login', data(){ return { login_type: 0, remember:false, // 记住密码 username:"", password:"", } }, methods:{ // 登陆 loginhander(){ this.$axios.post("http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/authorizations/",{"username":this.username,"password":this.password}).then(response=>{ console.log(response.data) }).catch(error=>{ console.log(error) }) } }, };
浏览器的本地存储提供了sessionStorage 和 localStorage 两种:
sessionStorage 浏览器关闭即失效
localStorage 长期有效
使用方法
sessionStorage.变量名 = 变量值 // 保存数据 sessionStorage.变量名 // 读取数据 sessionStorage.clear() // 清除全部sessionStorage保存的数据 localStorage.变量名 = 变量值 // 保存数据 localStorage.变量名 // 读取数据 localStorage.clear() // 清除全部localStorage保存的数据
登录组件代码Login.vue
.... loginhander() { // 判断用户是否已经经过了极验验证 if (!this.is_geek) { return false; } this.$axios.post(this.$settings.Host + "/users/login/", { username: this.username, password: this.password, }).then(response => { let data = response.data; // 根据用户是否勾选了记住密码来保存用户认证信息 if (this.remember) { // 记住密码 localStorage.token = data.token; localStorage.user_id = data.id; localStorage.user_name = data.username; } else { // 不须要记住密码 sessionStorage.token = data.token; sessionStorage.user_id = data.id; sessionStorage.user_name = data.username; } // 登陆成功之后,跳转会上一个页面 this.$router.push('/'); }).catch(error => { console.log(error.response) }) }, ....
默认的返回值仅有token,咱们还需在返回值中增长username和id,方便在客户端页面中显示当前登录用户
经过修改该视图的返回值能够完成咱们的需求。
def jwt_response_payload_handler(token, user=None, request=None): """ 自定义jwt认证成功返回数据 """ return { 'token': token, 'id': user.id, 'username': user.username }
修改settings/dev.py配置文件
# JWT JWT_AUTH = { 'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=1), 'JWT_RESPONSE_PAYLOAD_HANDLER': 'users.utils.jwt_response_payload_handler', }
登录组件代码Login.vue
// 使用浏览器本地存储保存token if (this.remember) { // 记住登陆 sessionStorage.clear(); localStorage.token = response.data.token; localStorage.id = response.data.id; localStorage.username = response.data.username; } else { // 未记住登陆 localStorage.clear(); sessionStorage.token = response.data.token; sessionStorage.id = response.data.id; sessionStorage.username = response.data.username; }
JWT扩展的登陆视图,在收到用户名与密码时,也是调用Django的认证系统中提供的authenticate()来检查用户名与密码是否正确。
咱们能够经过修改Django认证系统的认证后端(主要是authenticate方法)来支持登陆帐号既能够是用户名也能够是手机号。
修改Django认证系统的认证后端须要继承django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend,并重写authenticate方法。
authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs)
方法的参数说明:
request 本次认证的请求对象
username 本次认证提供的用户帐号
password 本次认证提供的密码
咱们想要让用户既能够以用户名登陆,也能够以手机号登陆,那么对于authenticate方法而言,username参数即表示用户名或者手机号。
重写authenticate方法的思路:
根据username参数查找用户User对象,username参数多是用户名,也多是手机号
若查找到User对象,调用User对象的check_password方法检查密码是否正确
在users/utils.py中编写:
def get_user_by_account(account): """ 根据账号获取user对象 :param account: 帐号,能够是用户名,也能够是手机号 :return: User对象 或者 None """ try: if re.match('^1[3-9]\d{9}$', account): # 账号为手机号 user = User.objects.get(mobile=account) else: # 账号为用户名 user = User.objects.get(username=account) except User.DoesNotExist: return None else: return user import re from .models import User from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend class UsernameMobileAuthBackend(ModelBackend): """ 自定义用户名或手机号认证 """ def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs): user = get_user_by_account(username) if user is not None and user.check_password(password): return user
在配置文件dev.py中告知Django使用咱们自定义的认证后端
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = [ 'users.utils.UsernameMobileAuthBackend', ]
<template> <div class="home"> <Header :is_login="is_login" @logout="logout" :current_page="current_page"/> <Banner/> <Footer/> </div> </template> <script> import Header from "./common/Header" import Banner from "./common/Banner" import Footer from "./common/Footer" export default{ name:"Home", data(){ return { id: sessionStorage.id || localStorage.id, username: sessionStorage.username || localStorage.username, token: sessionStorage.token || localStorage.token, current_page:0, is_login:false, }; }, components:{ Header, Banner, Footer, }, mounted(){ if(this.id && this.token){ this.is_login=true; } }, methods:{ logout(){ this.is_login=false; } } } </script>
Header子组件显示登录状态
Header.vue
<script> export default { name:"Header", props:["current_page","is_login"], data(){ return { nav_list: [], } }, created: function(){ // 获取轮播图 this.$axios.get("http://api.luffycity.cn:8000/home/nav/").then(res => { this.nav_list = res.data }).catch(error => { console.log(error); }); }, methods:{ logout(){ localStorage.clear(); sessionStorage.clear(); this.$emit("logout",{"is_login":false}) } } } </script>
官网: https://www.geetest.com/first_page/
接下来,就能够根据官方文档,把验证码集成到项目中了
文档地址:
下载和安装验证码模块包。
git clone https://github.com/GeeTeam/gt3-python-sdk.git
安装依赖模块
pip install requests
把验证码模块放置在utils中
并在users子应用下建立验证码视图类,并提供验证码和校验验证码的视图方法。
from luffy.utils.geetest import GeetestLib from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response # Create your views here. class VerifyCode(APIView): def get(self,request): user_id = 'test' pc_geetest_id = "a9feefab99c8d4bbcf0d9e3021048312" pc_geetest_key = "aa467ab83be3c44929bc7da76eb88028" gt = GeetestLib(pc_geetest_id, pc_geetest_key) status = gt.pre_process(user_id, JSON_FORMAT=0, ip_address="127.0.0.1") if not status: status = 2 request.session[gt.GT_STATUS_SESSION_KEY] = status request.session["user_id"] = user_id response_str = gt.get_response_str() print( response_str ) return Response(response_str) def post(self,request): pc_geetest_id = "a9feefab99c8d4bbcf0d9e3021048312" pc_geetest_key = "aa467ab83be3c44929bc7da76eb88028" gt = GeetestLib(pc_geetest_id, pc_geetest_key) challenge = request.data.get(gt.FN_CHALLENGE, "") validate = request.data.get(gt.FN_VALIDATE, "") seccode = request.data.get(gt.FN_SECCODE, "") status = request.session[gt.GT_STATUS_SESSION_KEY] user_id = request.session["user_id"] if status == 1: result = gt.success_validate(challenge, validate, seccode, user_id, JSON_FORMAT=0) else: result = gt.failback_validate(challenge, validate, seccode) request.session["user_id"] = user_id return Response({{"message":result}})
路由注册:
path(r'code/', views.VerifyCode.as_view()),
// 导入gt极验 import '../static/globals/gt.js'
<template> <div class="login box"> <img src="https://www.luffycity.com/static/img/Loginbg.3377d0c.jpg" alt=""> <div class="login"> <div class="login-title"> <img src="https://www.luffycity.com/static/img/Logotitle.1ba5466.png" alt=""> <p>帮助有志向的年轻人经过努力学习得到体面的工做和生活!</p> </div> <div class="login_box"> <div class="title"> <span @click="login_type=0">密码登陆</span> <span @click="login_type=1">短信登陆</span> </div> <div class="inp" v-if="login_type==0"> <input v-model = "username" type="text" placeholder="用户名 / 手机号码" class="user"> <input v-model = "password" type="password" name="" class="pwd" placeholder="密码"> <div id="geetest"></div> <div class="rember"> <p> <input type="checkbox" class="no" name="a"/> <span>记住密码</span> </p> <p>忘记密码</p> </div> <button class="login_btn" @click="loginhander">登陆</button> <p class="go_login" >没有帐号 <span>当即注册</span></p> </div> <div class="inp" v-show="login_type==1"> <input v-model = "username" type="text" placeholder="手机号码" class="user"> <input v-model = "password" type="text" class="pwd" placeholder="短信验证码"> <button id="get_code">获取验证码</button> <button class="login_btn">登陆</button> <p class="go_login" >没有帐号 <span>当即注册</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'Login', data(){ return { login_type: 0, username:"", password:"", validateResult:false, } }, created(){ this.$axios.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/code",{responseType: 'json',}).then(response=>{ let data = response.data; console.log(data); var _this = this; //请检测data的数据结构, 保证data.gt, data.challenge, data.success有值 initGeetest({ // 如下配置参数来自服务端 SDK gt: data.gt, challenge: data.challenge, offline: !data.success, new_captcha: true, product: 'popup', width:'100%' }, (captchaObj)=>{ var result = captchaObj.getValidate(); // 这里能够调用验证明例 captchaObj 的实例方法 captchaObj.appendTo("#geetest"); //将验证按钮插入到宿主页面中captchaBox元素内 captchaObj.onReady(()=>{ //your code }).onSuccess(()=>{ var result = captchaObj.getValidate(); this.validateResult = result; }).onError(()=>{ _this.validateResult=false; }) }) }) }, methods:{ // 登陆 loginhander(){ // 提交数据前判断用户是否经过了验证码校验 if(!this.validateResult){ return false; } this.$axios.post("http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/authorizations/",{"username":this.username,"password":this.password}).then(response=>{ // 使用浏览器本地存储保存token if (this.remember) { // 记住登陆 sessionStorage.clear(); localStorage.token = response.data.token; localStorage.id = response.data.id; localStorage.username = response.data.username; } else { // 未记住登陆 localStorage.clear(); sessionStorage.token = response.data.token; sessionStorage.id = response.data.id; sessionStorage.username = response.data.username; } this.$router.push("/") }).catch(error=>{ console.log(error) }) } }, }; </script>
注册页面Register,主要是经过登陆页面进行改为而成.
<template> <div class="box"> <img src="https://www.luffycity.com/static/img/Loginbg.3377d0c.jpg" alt=""> <div class="register"> <div class="register_box"> <div class="register-title">注册路飞学城</div> <div class="inp"> <input v-model = "mobile" type="text" placeholder="手机号码" class="user"> <div id="geetest"></div> <input v-model = "sms" type="text" placeholder="输入验证码" class="user"> <button class="register_btn" >注册</button> <p class="go_login" >已有帐号 <router-link to="/login">直接登陆</router-link></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'Register', data(){ return { sms:"", mobile:"", validateResult:false, } }, created(){ }, methods:{}, }; </script> <style scoped> .box{ width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; overflow: hidden; } .box img{ width: 100%; min-height: 100%; } .box .register { position: absolute; width: 500px; height: 400px; top: 0; left: 0; margin: auto; right: 0; bottom: 0; top: -338px; } .register .register-title{ width: 100%; font-size: 24px; text-align: center; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; color: #4a4a4a; letter-spacing: .39px; } .register-title img{ width: 190px; height: auto; } .register-title p{ font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; font-size: 18px; color: #fff; letter-spacing: .29px; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 50px; } .register_box{ width: 400px; height: auto; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5); border-radius: 4px; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 40px; } .register_box .title{ font-size: 20px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .32px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; display: flex; justify-content: space-around; padding: 50px 60px 0 60px; margin-bottom: 20px; cursor: pointer; } .register_box .title span:nth-of-type(1){ color: #4a4a4a; border-bottom: 2px solid #84cc39; } .inp{ width: 350px; margin: 0 auto; } .inp input{ border: 0; outline: 0; width: 100%; height: 45px; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-indent: 20px; font-size: 14px; background: #fff !important; } .inp input.user{ margin-bottom: 16px; } .inp .rember{ display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; position: relative; margin-top: 10px; } .inp .rember p:first-of-type{ font-size: 12px; color: #4a4a4a; letter-spacing: .19px; margin-left: 22px; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; /*position: relative;*/ } .inp .rember p:nth-of-type(2){ font-size: 14px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .19px; cursor: pointer; } .inp .rember input{ outline: 0; width: 30px; height: 45px; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-indent: 20px; font-size: 14px; background: #fff !important; } .inp .rember p span{ display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; width: 100px; /*position: absolute;*/ /*left: 20px;*/ } #geetest{ margin-top: 20px; } .register_btn{ width: 100%; height: 45px; background: #84cc39; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 16px; color: #fff; letter-spacing: .26px; margin-top: 30px; } .inp .go_login{ text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .26px; padding-top: 20px; } .inp .go_login span{ color: #84cc39; cursor: pointer; } </style>
前端注册路由:
import Register from "../components/Register" // 配置路由列表 export default new Router({ mode:"history", routes:[ // 路由列表 ... { name:"Register", path: "/register", component:Register, } ] })
接下来,咱们把注册过程当中一些注册信息(例如:短信验证码)和session缓存到redis数据库中。
pip install django-redis
在dev.py配置中添加一下代码:
# 设置redis缓存 CACHES = { # 默认缓存 "default": { "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache", # 项目上线时,须要调整这里的路径 "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0", "OPTIONS": { "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient", } }, # 提供给xadmin或者admin的session存储 "session": { "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache", "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1", "OPTIONS": { "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient", } }, # 提供存储短信验证码 "sms_code":{ "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache", "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2", "OPTIONS": { "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient", } } } # 设置xadmin用户登陆时,登陆信息session保存到redis SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache" SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = "session"
django-redis提供了get_redis_connection的方法,经过调用get_redis_connection方法传递redis的配置名称可获取到redis的链接对象,经过redis链接对象能够执行redis命令
https://redis-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
在登陆后的平台上面获取一下信息:
ACCOUNT SID:8aaf0708697b6beb01699f4442911776
AUTH TOKEN : b4dea244f43a4e0f90e557f0a99c70fa
AppID(默认):8aaf0708697b6beb01699f4442e3177c
Rest URL(生产): app.cloopen.com:8883 [项目上线时使用真实短信发送服务器]
Rest URL(开发): sandboxapp.cloopen.com:8883 [项目开发时使用沙箱短信发送服务器]
在开发过程当中,为了节约发送短信的成本,能够把本身的或者同事的手机加入到测试号码中.
from .yuntongxun.sms import CCP class SMSCodeAPIView(APIView): """ 短信验证码 """ def get(self, request, mobile): """ 短信验证码 """ # 生成短信验证码 sms_code = "%06d" % random.randint(0, 999999) # 保存短信验证码与发送记录 redis_conn = get_redis_connection('verify_codes') # 使用redis提供的管道操做能够一次性执行多条redis命令 pl = redis_conn.pipeline() pl.multi() pl.setex("sms_%s" % mobile, 300, sms_code) # 设置短信有效期为300s pl.setex("sms_time_%s" % mobile, 60, 1) # 设置发送短信间隔为60s pl.execute() # 发送短信验证码 ccp = CCP() ccp.send_template_sms(mobile, [code, "5"], 1) return Response({"message": "OK"}, status.HTTP_200_OK)
建立序列化器对象[暂时不涉及到手机验证码功能
from rest_framework import serializers from .models import User import re class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): """用户信息序列化器""" sms_code = serializers.CharField(label='手机验证码', required=True, allow_null=False, allow_blank=False, write_only=True) password2 = serializers.CharField(label='确认密码', required=True, allow_null=False, allow_blank=False, write_only=True) class Meta: model=User fields = ('sms_code', 'mobile', 'password','password2') extra_kwargs={ "password":{ "write_only":True } } def validate_mobile(self, value): """验证手机号""" if not re.match(r'^1[345789]\d{9}$', value): raise serializers.ValidationError('手机号格式错误') # 验证手机号是否已经被注册了 # try: # user = User.objects.get(mobile=value) # except: # user = None # # if user: # raise serializers.ValidationError('当前手机号已经被注册') # 上面验证手机号是否存在的代码[优化版] try: User.objects.get(mobile=value) # 若是有获取到用户信息,则下面的代码不会被执行,若是没有获取到用户信息,则表示手机号没有注册过,能够直接pass raise serializers.ValidationError('当前手机号已经被注册') except: pass return value def validate(self,data): # 验证密码 password = data.get("password") password2 = data.get("password2") if len(password)<6: raise serializers.ValidationError('密码过短不安全~') if password !=password2: raise serializers.ValidationError('密码和确认必须一致~') return data def create(self, validated_data): # 删除一些不须要保存到数据库里面的字段 del validated_data['password2'] del validated_data['sms_code'] # 由于数据库中默认用户名是惟一的,因此咱们把用户手机号码做为用户名 validated_data["username"] = validated_data["mobile"] # 继续调用ModelSerializer内置的添加数据功能 user = super().create(validated_data) # 针对密码要加密 user.set_password(user.password) # 修改密码等用于更新了密码,因此须要保存 user.save() return user
用户管理视图代码:
# users/views.py from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView from .models import User from .serializers import UserModelSerializer class UserAPIView(CreateAPIView): """用户管理""" queryset = User.objects.all() serializer_class = UserModelSerializer
# 子应用路由 urls.py urlpatterns=[ ... path(r"user", views.UserAPIView.as_view()), ]
客户端发送注册信息和发送短信 (前端代码)
<template> <div class="box"> <img src="https://www.luffycity.com/static/img/Loginbg.3377d0c.jpg" alt=""> <div class="register"> <div class="register_box"> <div class="register-title">注册路飞学城</div> <div class="inp"> <!--<el-select v-model="region">--> <!--<el-option v-for="item in region_list" :label="item.nation_name+'('+item.nation_code+')'" :value="item.nation_code"></el-option>--> <!--</el-select>--> <input v-model = "mobile" type="text" placeholder="手机号码" class="user"> <input v-model = "password" type="password" placeholder="密码" class="user"> <input v-model = "password2" type="password" placeholder="确认密码" class="user"> <div id="geetest"></div> <div class="sms"> <input v-model="sms_code" maxlength="16" type="text" placeholder="输入验证码" class="user"> <span class="get_sms" @click="send_sms">{{get_sms_text}}</span> </div> <button class="register_btn" @click="registerHander">注册</button> <p class="go_login" >已有帐号 <router-link to="/login">直接登陆</router-link></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'Register', data(){ return { region:"+86", sms_code:"", password:"", password2:"", mobile:"", validateResult:false, get_sms_text:"获取验证码", } }, created(){ // 页面初始化的时候设置号码的地区号 // this.region_list = this.$nation; // 显示图片验证码 this.$axios.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/verify").then(response=>{ // 请求成功 let data = response.data; // 使用initGeetest接口 // 参数1:配置参数 // 参数2:回调,回调的第一个参数验证码对象,以后可使用它作appendTo之类的事件 console.log(response.data); data = JSON.parse(data); initGeetest({ gt: data.gt, challenge: data.challenge, width: "350px", product: "embed", // 产品形式,包括:float,embed,popup。注意只对PC版验证码有效 offline: !data.success // 表示用户后台检测极验服务器是否宕机,通常不须要关注 // 更多配置参数请参见:http://www.geetest.com/install/sections/idx-client-sdk.html#config }, this.handlerPopup); }).catch(error=>{ console.log(error) }) }, methods:{ send_sms(){ let reg = /1[1-9]{2}\d{8}/; if( !reg.test(this.mobile) ){ return false; } // 若是get_sms_text 不是文本,而是数字,则表示当前手机号码还在60秒的发送短信间隔内 if(this.get_sms_text != "获取验证码"){ return false; } // 发送短信 let _this = this; this.$axios.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/sms?mobile="+this.mobile).then(response=>{ console.log(response); // 显示发送短信之后的文本倒计时 let time = 60; let timer = setInterval(()=>{ --time; if(time <=1){ // 若是倒计时为0,则关闭当前定时器 _this.get_sms_text = "获取验证码"; clearInterval(timer); }else{ _this.get_sms_text = time; } },1000) }).catch(error=>{ console.log(error); }) }, registerHander(){ // 注册信息提交 // 提交数据前判断用户是否经过了验证码校验 if(!this.validateResult){ alert("验证码验证有误"); return false; } this.$axios.post("http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/user",{ "mobile":this.mobile, "password":this.password, "password2":this.password2, "sms_code":this.sms_code, },{ responseType:"json", }). then(response=>{ // 请求成功,保存登录状态 localStorage.removeItem("token"); let data = response.data; sessionStorage.token = data.token; sessionStorage.id = data.id; sessionStorage.username = data.mobile; // 注册成功之后默认表示已经登陆了,跳转用户中心的页面 // this.$router.push("/user"); alert("注册成功!"); }).catch(error=>{ console.log(error); }) }, handlerPopup(captchaObj){ // 验证码成功的回调 let _this = this; captchaObj.onSuccess(function () { var validate = captchaObj.getValidate(); _this.$axios.post("http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/verify",{ geetest_challenge: validate.geetest_challenge, geetest_validate: validate.geetest_validate, geetest_seccode: validate.geetest_seccode },{ responseType:"json", }).then(response=>{ // 请求成功 console.log(response.data); if(response.data.status == "success") { _this.validateResult = true; // 获取验证结果 } }).catch(error=>{ // 请求失败 console.log(error) }) }); // 将验证码加到id为captcha的元素里 captchaObj.appendTo("#geetest"); } }, }; </script> <style scoped> .box{ width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; overflow: hidden; } .el-select{ width:100%; margin-bottom: 15px; } .box img{ width: 100%; min-height: 100%; } .box .register { position: absolute; width: 500px; height: 400px; top: 0; left: 0; margin: auto; right: 0; bottom: 0; top: -338px; } .register .register-title{ width: 100%; font-size: 24px; text-align: center; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; color: #4a4a4a; letter-spacing: .39px; } .register-title img{ width: 190px; height: auto; } .register-title p{ font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; font-size: 18px; color: #fff; letter-spacing: .29px; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 50px; } .sms{ margin-top: 15px; position: relative; } .sms .get_sms{ position: absolute; right: 15px; top: 14px; font-size: 14px; color: #ffc210; cursor: pointer; border-left: 1px solid #979797; padding-left: 20px; } .register_box{ width: 400px; height: auto; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5); border-radius: 4px; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 40px; } .register_box .title{ font-size: 20px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .32px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; display: flex; justify-content: space-around; padding: 50px 60px 0 60px; margin-bottom: 20px; cursor: pointer; } .register_box .title span:nth-of-type(1){ color: #4a4a4a; border-bottom: 2px solid #84cc39; } .inp{ width: 350px; margin: 0 auto; } .inp input{ border: 0; outline: 0; width: 100%; height: 45px; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-indent: 20px; font-size: 14px; background: #fff !important; } .inp input.user{ margin-bottom: 16px; } .inp .rember{ display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; position: relative; margin-top: 10px; } .inp .rember p:first-of-type{ font-size: 12px; color: #4a4a4a; letter-spacing: .19px; margin-left: 22px; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; /*position: relative;*/ } .inp .rember p:nth-of-type(2){ font-size: 14px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .19px; cursor: pointer; } .inp .rember input{ outline: 0; width: 30px; height: 45px; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-indent: 20px; font-size: 14px; background: #fff !important; } .inp .rember p span{ display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; width: 100px; /*position: absolute;*/ /*left: 20px;*/ } #geetest{ margin-top: 20px; } .register_btn{ width: 100%; height: 45px; background: #84cc39; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 16px; color: #fff; letter-spacing: .26px; margin-top: 30px; } .inp .go_login{ text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .26px; padding-top: 20px; } .inp .go_login span{ color: #84cc39; cursor: pointer; } </style>
Header.vue组件代码:
<script> export default { name: "Header", data(){ return { // 设置一个登陆标识,表示是否登陆 token: sessionStorage.token || localStorage.token, user_name: sessionStorage.user_name || localStorage.user_name, user_id: sessionStorage.user_id || localStorage.user_id, nav_list:[], }; }, 。。。 } </script>
实现的思路:头部子组件是经过token值进行判断登陆状态,因此当用户点击"退出登陆",则须要移出token的值,并使用elementUI里面的弹窗组件进行提示。
在登陆认证中接入极验验证
官网: https://www.geetest.com/first_page/
注册登陆之后,即进入登陆后台,选择行为验证。
<template> <div class="login-box"> <img src="../../static/img/login1.jpg" alt=""> <div class="login"> <div class="login-title"> <img src="../../static/img/Logotitle.png" alt=""> <p>帮助有志向的年轻人经过努力学习得到体面的工做和生活!</p> </div> <div class="login_box"> <div class="title"> <span @click="login_type=0">密码登陆</span> <span @click="login_type=1">短信登陆</span> </div> <div class="inp" v-show="login_type===0"> <input v-model="username" type="text" placeholder="用户名 / 手机号码" class="user"> <input v-model="password" type="password" name="" class="pwd" placeholder="密码"> <div id="geetest1"></div> <div class="rember"> <p> <input type="checkbox" class="no" v-model="remember"/> <span>记住密码</span> </p> <p>忘记密码</p> </div> <button class="login_btn" @click="loginhander">登陆</button> <p class="go_login">没有帐号 <router-link to="/register">当即注册</router-link> </p> </div> <div class="inp" v-show="login_type===1"> <input v-model="username" type="text" placeholder="手机号码" class="user"> <input v-model="sms" type="text" class="pwd" placeholder="短信验证码"> <button id="get_code" @click="smsHandle">{{sms_text}}</button> <button class="login_btn" @click="login2Hander">登陆</button> <p class="go_login">没有帐号 <router-link to="/register">当即注册</router-link> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'Login', data() { return { login_type: 0, username: "", sms: "", is_send: false, // 是否已经发送短信的状态 password: "", remember: "", is_geek: false, send_interval: 60, // 发送短信的间隔 sms_text: "点击发送短信", // 发送短信的提示 } }, created() { // 请求后端获取生成验证码的流水号 this.$axios.get(this.$settings.Host + "/users/captcha/", { responseType: 'json', // 但愿返回json数据 }).then(response => { let data = response.data; // 验证初始化配置 initGeetest({ gt: data.gt, challenge: data.challenge, product: "popup", // 产品形式,包括:float,embed,popup。注意只对PC版验证码有效 offline: !data.success }, this.handlerPopup) }).catch(error => { console.log(error.response); }); }, methods: { //发送短信 smsHandle() { // 判断是否填写了手机 if (!/^\d{11}$/.test(this.username)) { this.$alert('手机号码格式有误!', '警告'); return false; } // 判断是否在60s内有发送太短信,若是有则,不能点击发送 if (this.is_send) { this.$alert('60s内不能频繁发送短信!', '警告'); return false; } // 判断是否在60s内有发送太短信,若是有则,不能点击发送 if (this.is_send) { this.$alert('60s内不能频繁发送短信!', '警告'); return false; } let _this = this; _this.$axios.get(_this.$settings.Host + `/users/sms/${_this.username}/`).then(response => { let data = response.data; console.log(data); if (data.result === '-1') { _this.$alert("发送短信失败!", "错误"); } else { _this.is_send = true; _this.$alert("发送短信成功了!", "成功", { callback() { let num = _this.send_interval; let timer = setInterval(() => { if (num < 1) { clearInterval(timer); _this.sms_text = "点击发送短信"; _this.is_send = false; } else { num--; _this.sms_text = num + "后可继续点击发送"; } }, 1000) } }); } }).catch(error => { console.log(error.response) }) }, //短信验证码登陆 login2Hander(){ // 验证手机号码 if (!/^\d{11}$/.test(this.username)) { this.$alert('手机号码格式有误!', '警告'); return false; } this.$axios.post(this.$settings.Host+"/users/login/",{ username:this.username, password:this.sms, }) }, // 用户登陆 loginhander() { // 判断用户是否已经经过了极验验证 if (!this.is_geek) { return false; } this.$axios.post(this.$settings.Host + "/users/login/", { username: this.username, password: this.password, }).then(response => { let data = response.data; // 根据用户是否勾选了记住密码来保存用户认证信息 if (this.remember) { // 记住密码 localStorage.token = data.token; localStorage.user_id = data.id; localStorage.user_name = data.username; } else { // 不须要记住密码 sessionStorage.token = data.token; sessionStorage.user_id = data.id; sessionStorage.user_name = data.username; } // 登陆成功之后,跳转会上一个页面 this.$router.push('/'); }).catch(error => { console.log(error.response) }) }, // 验证码的成功验证事件方法 handlerPopup(captchaObj) { // 把验证码添加到模板中制定的页面 captchaObj.appendTo("#geetest1"); // 记录vue对象 let _this = this; // 监听用户对于验证码的操做是否成功了 captchaObj.onSuccess(() => { var validate = captchaObj.getValidate(); _this.$axios.post(_this.$settings.Host + "/users/captcha/", { geetest_challenge: validate.geetest_challenge, geetest_validate: validate.geetest_validate, geetest_seccode: validate.geetest_seccode }).then(response => { // 在用户成功添加数据之后,能够容许点击登陆按钮 _this.is_geek = true; }).catch(error => { console.log(error.response) }) }); }, }, }; </script> <style scoped> .login-box { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; overflow: hidden; margin-top: -80px; } .login-box img { width: 100%; min-height: 100%; } .login-box .login { position: absolute; width: 500px; height: 400px; left: 0; margin: auto; right: 0; bottom: 0; top: -220px; } .login .login-title { width: 100%; text-align: center; } .login-title img { width: 190px; height: auto; } .login-title p { font-size: 18px; color: #fff; letter-spacing: .29px; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 50px; } .login_box { width: 400px; height: auto; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .5); border-radius: 4px; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 40px; } .login_box .title { font-size: 20px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .32px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; display: flex; justify-content: space-around; padding: 50px 60px 0 60px; margin-bottom: 20px; cursor: pointer; } .login_box .title span:nth-of-type(1) { color: #4a4a4a; border-bottom: 2px solid #84cc39; } .inp { width: 350px; margin: 0 auto; } .inp input { outline: 0; width: 100%; height: 45px; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-indent: 20px; font-size: 14px; background: #fff !important; } .inp input.user { margin-bottom: 16px; } .inp .rember { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; position: relative; margin-top: 5px; } .inp .rember p:first-of-type { font-size: 12px; color: #4a4a4a; letter-spacing: .19px; margin-left: 22px; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; /*position: relative;*/ } .inp .rember p:nth-of-type(2) { font-size: 14px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .19px; cursor: pointer; } .inp .rember input { outline: 0; width: 30px; height: 45px; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-indent: 20px; font-size: 14px; background: #fff !important; } .inp .rember p span { display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; width: 100px; /*position: absolute;*/ /*left: 20px;*/ } #geetest1 { margin-top: 20px; } .login_btn { width: 100%; height: 45px; background: #84cc39; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 16px; color: #fff; letter-spacing: .26px; margin-top: 30px; } .inp .go_login { text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: #9b9b9b; letter-spacing: .26px; padding-top: 20px; } .inp .go_login span { color: #84cc39; cursor: pointer; } </style>
接下来,咱们把注册过程当中一些注册信息(例如:短信验证码)和session缓存到redis数据库中。
安装django-redis。
关于django-redis 的使用,说明文档可见http://django-redis-chs.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/
django-redis提供了get_redis_connection的方法,经过调用get_redis_connection方法传递redis的配置名称可获取到redis的链接对象,经过redis链接对象能够执行redis命令
https://redis-py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
在登陆后的平台上面获取一下信息:
注册的前端
1 <template> 2 <div class="box"> 3 <img src="../../static/img/login1.jpg" alt=""> 4 <div class="register"> 5 <div class="register_box"> 6 <div class="register-title">注册路飞学城</div> 7 <div class="inp"> 8 <input v-model="mobile" type="text" placeholder="手机号码" class="user"> 9 <input v-model="password" type="password" placeholder="登陆密码" class="user"> 10 <input v-model="password2" type="password" placeholder="确认密码" class="user"> 11 <div id="geetest"></div> 12 <div class="sms-box"> 13 <input v-model="sms" type="text" placeholder="输入验证码" class="user"> 14 <div class="sms-btn" @click="smsHandle">{{sms_text}}</div> 15 </div> 16 <button class="register_btn" @click="registerHander">注册</button> 17 <p class="go_login">已有帐号 18 <router-link to="/login">直接登陆</router-link> 19 </p> 20 </div> 21 </div> 22 </div> 23 </div> 24 </template> 25 26 <script> 27 export default { 28 name: 'Register', 29 data() { 30 return { 31 sms: "", 32 mobile: "", 33 password: "", 34 password2: "", 35 validateResult: false, 36 is_send: false, // 是否已经发送短信的状态 37 send_interval: 60, // 发送短信的间隔 38 sms_text: "点击发送短信", // 发送短信的提示 39 } 40 }, 41 methods: { 42 // 发送短信 43 smsHandle() { 44 // 判断是否填写了手机 45 if (!/^\d{11}$/.test(this.mobile)) { 46 this.$alert('手机号码格式有误!', '警告'); 47 return false; 48 } 49 50 // 判断是否在60s内有发送太短信,若是有则,不能点击发送 51 if (this.is_send) { 52 this.$alert('60s内不能频繁发送短信!', '警告'); 53 return false; 54 } 55 56 57 let _this = this; 58 59 _this.$axios.get(_this.$settings.Host + `/users/sms/${_this.mobile}/`).then(response => { 60 let data = response.data; 61 console.log(data); 62 if (data.result === '-1') { 63 _this.$alert("发送短信失败!", "错误"); 64 } else { 65 _this.is_send = true; 66 _this.$alert("发送短信成功了!", "成功", { 67 callback() { 68 let num = _this.send_interval; 69 let timer = setInterval(() => { 70 if (num < 1) { 71 clearInterval(timer); 72 _this.sms_text = "点击发送短信"; 73 _this.is_send = false; 74 } else { 75 num--; 76 _this.sms_text = num + "后可继续点击发送"; 77 } 78 }, 1000) 79 } 80 }); 81 } 82 }).catch(error => { 83 console.log(error.response) 84 }) 85 86 }, 87 // 提交注册信息 88 registerHander() { 89 // 验证手机号码 90 if (!/^\d{11}$/.test(this.mobile)) { 91 this.$alert('手机号码格式有误!', '警告'); 92 return false; 93 } 94 95 // 密码长度 96 if (!/^.{6,16}$/.test(this.password)) { 97 this.$alert('密码长度必须在6-16位字符之间!', '警告'); 98 return false; 99 } 100 101 // 密码和确认密码 102 if (this.password !== this.password2) { 103 this.$alert('确认密码必须和密码保持一致!', '警告'); 104 return false; 105 } 106 107 // 发送请求注册用户 108 this.$axios.post(this.$settings.Host + "/users/register/", { 109 mobile: this.mobile, 110 password: this.password, 111 password2: this.password2, 112 sms_code: this.sms, 113 }).then(response => { 114 115 let _this = this; 116 117 _this.$alert("注册成功!", { 118 callback() { 119 let data = response.data; 120 console.log(data); 121 // 保存登陆状态 122 sessionStorage.token = data.token; 123 sessionStorage.user_id = data.id; 124 sessionStorage.user_name = data.username; 125 126 // 跳转到首页 127 _this.$router.push("/"); 128 } 129 }); 130 131 }).catch(error => { 132 console.log(error.response) 133 }) 134 135 } 136 }, 137 138 }; 139 </script> 140 141 <style scoped> 142 .box { 143 width: 100%; 144 height: 100%; 145 position: relative; 146 overflow: hidden; 147 margin-top: -80px; 148 } 149 150 .box img { 151 width: 100%; 152 min-height: 100%; 153 } 154 155 .box .register { 156 position: absolute; 157 width: 500px; 158 height: 400px; 159 top: 0; 160 left: 0; 161 margin: auto; 162 right: 0; 163 bottom: 0; 164 top: -220px; 165 } 166 167 .register .register-title { 168 width: 100%; 169 font-size: 24px; 170 text-align: center; 171 padding-top: 30px; 172 padding-bottom: 30px; 173 color: #4a4a4a; 174 letter-spacing: .39px; 175 } 176 177 .register-title img { 178 width: 190px; 179 height: auto; 180 } 181 182 .register-title p { 183 font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; 184 font-size: 18px; 185 color: #fff; 186 letter-spacing: .29px; 187 padding-top: 10px; 188 padding-bottom: 50px; 189 } 190 191 .register_box { 192 width: 400px; 193 height: auto; 194 background: #fff; 195 box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .5); 196 border-radius: 4px; 197 margin: 0 auto; 198 padding-bottom: 40px; 199 } 200 201 .register_box .title { 202 font-size: 20px; 203 color: #9b9b9b; 204 letter-spacing: .32px; 205 border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6; 206 display: flex; 207 justify-content: space-around; 208 padding: 50px 60px 0 60px; 209 margin-bottom: 20px; 210 cursor: pointer; 211 } 212 213 .register_box .title span:nth-of-type(1) { 214 color: #4a4a4a; 215 border-bottom: 2px solid #84cc39; 216 } 217 218 .inp { 219 width: 350px; 220 margin: 0 auto; 221 } 222 223 .inp input { 224 border: 0; 225 outline: 0; 226 width: 100%; 227 height: 45px; 228 border-radius: 4px; 229 border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; 230 text-indent: 20px; 231 font-size: 14px; 232 background: #fff !important; 233 } 234 235 .inp input.user { 236 margin-bottom: 16px; 237 } 238 239 .inp .rember { 240 display: flex; 241 justify-content: space-between; 242 align-items: center; 243 position: relative; 244 margin-top: 10px; 245 } 246 247 .inp .rember p:first-of-type { 248 font-size: 12px; 249 color: #4a4a4a; 250 letter-spacing: .19px; 251 margin-left: 22px; 252 display: -ms-flexbox; 253 display: flex; 254 -ms-flex-align: center; 255 align-items: center; 256 /*position: relative;*/ 257 } 258 259 .inp .rember p:nth-of-type(2) { 260 font-size: 14px; 261 color: #9b9b9b; 262 letter-spacing: .19px; 263 cursor: pointer; 264 } 265 266 .inp .rember input { 267 outline: 0; 268 width: 30px; 269 height: 45px; 270 border-radius: 4px; 271 border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; 272 text-indent: 20px; 273 font-size: 14px; 274 background: #fff !important; 275 } 276 277 .inp .rember p span { 278 display: inline-block; 279 font-size: 12px; 280 width: 100px; 281 /*position: absolute;*/ 282 /*left: 20px;*/ 283 284 } 285 286 #geetest { 287 margin-top: 20px; 288 } 289 290 .register_btn { 291 width: 100%; 292 height: 45px; 293 background: #84cc39; 294 border-radius: 5px; 295 font-size: 16px; 296 color: #fff; 297 letter-spacing: .26px; 298 margin-top: 30px; 299 } 300 301 .inp .go_login { 302 text-align: center; 303 font-size: 14px; 304 color: #9b9b9b; 305 letter-spacing: .26px; 306 padding-top: 20px; 307 } 308 309 .inp .go_login span { 310 color: #84cc39; 311 cursor: pointer; 312 } 313 314 .sms-box { 315 position: relative; 316 } 317 318 .sms-btn { 319 font-size: 14px; 320 color: #ffc210; 321 letter-spacing: .26px; 322 position: absolute; 323 right: 16px; 324 top: 10px; 325 cursor: pointer; 326 overflow: hidden; 327 background: #fff; 328 border-left: 1px solid #484848; 329 padding-left: 16px; 330 padding-bottom: 4px; 331 } 332 </style>