16个demo,webpack+react搭配使用
首先教你们2个新技能javascript
首先,install Webpack 和 webpack-dev-server.css
$ npm i -g webpack webpack-dev-server
# Linux & Mac $ git clone git@github.com:holidaying/webpack-demos.git # Windows $ git clone https://github.com/holidaying/webpack-demos.git : $ cd webpack-demos $ npm install
接下来就能够进行demo演示了.html
$ cd demo01 $ webpack-dev-server
用浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080.前端
Webpack 是前端的打包工具类相似于 Grunt and Gulp.可是有区别,由于它是模块化构建机制,Webpack能够看作是模块打包机:它作的事情是,分析你的项目结构,找到JavaScript模块以及其它的一些浏览器不能直接运行的拓展语言(Scss,TypeScript等),并将其打包为合适的格式以供浏览器使用。
WebPack和Grunt以及Gulp相比有什么特性
其实Webpack和另外两个并无太多的可比性,Gulp/Grunt是一种可以优化前端的开发流程的工具,而WebPack是一种模块化的解决方案,不过Webpack的优势使得Webpack能够替代Gulp/Grunt类的工具。
Grunt和Gulp的工做方式是:在一个配置文件中,指明对某些文件进行相似编译,组合,压缩等任务的具体步骤,这个工具以后能够自动替你完成这些任务。
更多信息.vue
$ webpack main.js bundle.js
它的配置文件是 webpack.config.js
.java
// webpack.config.js module.exports = { entry: './main.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' } };
有了webpack.config.js
,你能够不带参数使用webpacknode
$ webpack
一些命令行选项你应该知道。react
webpack
– 构建文件webpack -p
– 发布webpack --watch
– 监听项目webpack -d
– 包含 source maps方便调试webpack --colors
– 让打包界面更好看去构建你的项目, 你能够把启动项写进package.jsonjquery
// package.json { // ... "scripts": { "dev": "webpack-dev-server --devtool eval --progress --colors", "deploy": "NODE_ENV=production webpack -p" }, // ... }
Webpack会入口文件进行打包成bundle.js.webpack
例子, main.js
是单文件入口.
// main.js document.write('<h1>Hello World</h1>');
index.html
<html> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>
Webpack follows webpack.config.js
to build bundle.js
.
// webpack.config.js module.exports = { entry: './main.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' } };
启动服务, 访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080 .
$ webpack-dev-server
多个入口文件,实用于多个页面的应用
// main1.js document.write('<h1>Hello World</h1>'); // main2.js document.write('<h2>Hello Webpack</h2>');
index.html
<html> <body> <script src="bundle1.js"></script> <script src="bundle2.js"></script> </body> </html>
webpack.config.js
module.exports = { entry: { bundle1: './main1.js', bundle2: './main2.js' }, output: { filename: '[name].js' } };
经过使用不一样的loader,webpack经过调用外部的脚本或工具能够对各类各样的格式的文件进行处理(更多信息). 例如, Babel-loader Babel实际上是一个编译JavaScript的平台能够将 JSX/ES6 文件转换成浏览器能够识别的js文件. 官方文档loaders.
main.jsx
is a JSX 文件.
const React = require('react'); const ReactDOM = require('react-dom'); ReactDOM.render( <h1>Hello, world!</h1>, document.querySelector('#wrapper') );
index.html
<html> <body> <div id="wrapper"></div> <script src="bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>
webpack.config.js
module.exports = { entry: './main.jsx', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, module: { loaders:[ { test: /\.js[x]?$/, exclude: /node_modules/, loader: 'babel-loader?presets[]=es2015&presets[]=react' }, ] } };
在 webpack.config.js
, module.loaders
区域是用来分配loader的. 像上面的代码片断使用了 babel-loader
须要安装插件 babel-preset-es2015 和 babel-preset-react to 编译成 ES6 and React. 能够用query配置参数
module: { loaders: [ { test: /\.jsx?$/, exclude: /node_modules/, loader: 'babel', query: { presets: ['es2015', 'react'] } } ] }
Webpack 容许你在js文件中require CSS , 经过 CSS-loader来预处理css文件.
main.js
require('./app.css');
app.css
body { background-color: blue; }
index.html
<html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="bundle.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>Hello World</h1> </body> </html>
webpack.config.js
module.exports = { entry: './main.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, module: { loaders:[ { test: /\.css$/, loader: 'style-loader!css-loader' }, ] } };
可是,你须要使用2中loaders来转换CSS 文件. 第一个是 CSS-loader 来读取CSS文件, 另一个是Style-loader 是将style样式插入到html中。 中间用!链接
启动服务后, index.html
有内部样式.
<head> <script type="text/javascript" src="bundle.js"></script> <style type="text/css"> body { background-color: blue; } </style> </head>
Webpack 容许你在js文件中require图片 , 经过 url-loader和file-loader来预处理图片文件.
main.js
var img1 = document.createElement("img"); img1.src = require("./small.png"); document.body.appendChild(img1); var img2 = document.createElement("img"); img2.src = require("./big.png"); document.body.appendChild(img2);
index.html
<html> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>
webpack.config.js
module.exports = { entry: './main.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, module: { loaders:[ { test: /\.(png|jpg)$/, loader: 'url-loader?limit=8192' } ] } };
url-loader 转换图片文件. 若是图片的大小小于 8192 bytes,它将会转成base64位的地址; 相反, 它就是普通地址.
参数前是用?链接的
启动服务后, small.png
and big.png
将会有一下的地址.
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBOR...uQmCC"> <img src="4853ca667a2b8b8844eb2693ac1b2578.png">
css-loader?modules
(the query parameter modules) enables the CSS Modules spec.
CSS Module能够开启全局变量和局部变量,:global(...)表示全局变量,能够在全局中使用样式(更多信息)
index.html
<html> <body> <h1 class="h1">Hello World</h1> <h2 class="h2">Hello Webpack</h2> <div id="example"></div> <script src="./bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>
app.css
.h1 { color:red; } :global(.h2) { color: blue; }
main.jsx
var React = require('react'); var ReactDOM = require('react-dom'); var style = require('./app.css'); ReactDOM.render( <div> <h1 className={style.h1}>Hello World</h1> <h2 className="h2">Hello Webpack</h2> </div>, document.getElementById('example') );
webpack.config.js
module.exports = { entry: './main.jsx', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, module: { loaders:[ { test: /\.js[x]?$/, exclude: /node_modules/, loader: 'babel-loader', query: { presets: ['es2015', 'react'] } }, { test: /\.css$/, loader: 'style-loader!css-loader?modules' } ] } };
启动服务.
$ webpack-dev-server
访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080 , 你将看到只有第二个 h1
是红的,由于它是局部, 同时 h2
是蓝色的, 由于是h2
全局的.
Webpack 能够去掉自己附加的东西,优化代码 UglifyJs Plugin will minify output(bundle.js
) JS codes.
main.js
var longVariableName = 'Hello'; longVariableName += ' World'; document.write('<h1>' + longVariableName + '</h1>');
index.html
<html> <body> <script src="bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>
webpack.config.js
var webpack = require('webpack'); var uglifyJsPlugin = webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin; module.exports = { entry: './main.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, plugins: [ new uglifyJsPlugin({ compress: { warnings: false } }) ] };
启动服务后, main.js
将会压缩以下.
var o="Hello";o+=" World",document.write("<h1>"+o+"</h1>")
这个例子须要加载三个插件
html-webpack-plugin 建立 index.html
,open-browser-webpack-plugin 打开浏览器
main.js
document.write('<h1>Hello World</h1>');
webpack.config.js
var HtmlwebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin'); var OpenBrowserPlugin = require('open-browser-webpack-plugin'); module.exports = { entry: './main.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, plugins: [ new HtmlwebpackPlugin({ title: 'Webpack-demos', filename: 'index.html' }), new OpenBrowserPlugin({ url: 'http://localhost:8080' }) ] };
启动 webpack-dev-server
.启动这个须要node7版本以上
$ webpack-dev-server
不用手写index.html
也不用手动打开浏览器 Webpack 能够为你作这些事.
你能够利用环境变量来控制特定代码的输出
main.js
document.write('<h1>Hello World</h1>'); if (__DEV__) { document.write(new Date()); }
index.html
<html> <body> <script src="bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>
webpack.config.js
var webpack = require('webpack'); var devFlagPlugin = new webpack.DefinePlugin({ __DEV__: JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(process.env.DEBUG || 'false')) }); module.exports = { entry: './main.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, plugins: [devFlagPlugin] };
# Linux & Mac $ env DEBUG=true webpack-dev-server # Windows $ set DEBUG=true $ webpack-dev-server
对于大型项目,把全部代码编译到一个文件并非有效的, Webpack 容许你把代码分红好多块. 特别是某种状况下,只须要个别代码这些块能够按需加载。
在commonjs中有一个Modules/Async/A规范,里面定义了require.ensure语法。webpack实现了它,做用是能够在打包的时候进行代码分片,并异步加载分片后的代码。用法以下:
require.ensure([], function(require){
var list = require('./list');
list.show();
});
此时list.js会被打包成一个单独的chunk文件,大概长这样:
1.fb874860b35831bc96a8.js
可读性比较差。我在上一篇结尾也提到了,给它命名的方式,那就是给require.ensure传递第三个参数,如:
require.ensure([], function(require){
var list = require('./list');
list.show();
}, 'list');
这样就能获得你想要的文件名称:
首先,你须要用 require.ensure
to 来定义一个分割的点. (官方文档)
// main.js require.ensure(['./a'], function(require) { var content = require('./a'); document.open(); document.write('<h1>' + content + '</h1>'); document.close(); });
require.ensure
告诉 Webpack ./a.js
应该从 bundle.js
中分离成一个单独的块
// a.js module.exports = 'Hello World';
Now Webpack takes care of the dependencies, output files and runtime stuff. You don't have to put any redundancy into your index.html
and webpack.config.js
.
<html> <body> <script src="bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>
webpack.config.js
module.exports = { entry: './main.js', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' } };
地洞服务.
$ webpack-dev-server
在界面上, 你感受不到任何不同的地方. 可是, Webpack 已经把 main.js
和 a.js
编译成(bundle.js
和 1.bundle.js
)的块。
dem10是一种,另外一种是利用bundle-loader.
// main.js // Now a.js is requested, it will be bundled into another file var load = require('bundle-loader!./a.js'); // To wait until a.js is available (and get the exports) // you need to async wait for it. load(function(file) { document.open(); document.write('<h1>' + file + '</h1>'); document.close(); });
require('bundle-loader!./a.js')
tells Webpack to load a.js
from another chunk.
Now Webpack will build main.js
into bundle.js
, and a.js
into 1.bundle.js
.
利用webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin,你能够共通的组件,代码块分离出来
// main1.jsx var React = require('react'); var ReactDOM = require('react-dom'); ReactDOM.render( <h1>Hello World</h1>, document.getElementById('a') ); // main2.jsx var React = require('react'); var ReactDOM = require('react-dom'); ReactDOM.render( <h2>Hello Webpack</h2>, document.getElementById('b') );
index.html
<html> <body> <div id="a"></div> <div id="b"></div> <script src="init.js"></script> <script src="bundle1.js"></script> <script src="bundle2.js"></script> </body> </html>
webpack.config.js
var CommonsChunkPlugin = require("webpack/lib/optimize/CommonsChunkPlugin"); module.exports = { entry: { bundle1: './main1.jsx', bundle2: './main2.jsx' }, output: { filename: '[name].js' }, module: { loaders:[ { test: /\.js[x]?$/, exclude: /node_modules/, loader: 'babel-loader', query: { presets: ['es2015', 'react'] } }, ] }, plugins: [ new CommonsChunkPlugin('init.js') ] }
利用ebpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin,你能够把第三方库抽离出来
main.js
var $ = require('jquery'); $('h1').text('Hello World');
index.html
<html> <body> <h1></h1> <script src="vendor.js"></script> <script src="bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>
webpack.config.js
var webpack = require('webpack'); module.exports = { entry: { app: './main.js', vendor: ['jquery'], }, output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, plugins: [ new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin(/* chunkName= */'vendor', /* filename= */'vendor.js') ] };
If you want a module available as variable in every module, such as making $ and jQuery available in every module without writing require("jquery")
. You should use ProvidePlugin
(官方文档).
// main.js $('h1').text('Hello World'); // webpack.config.js var webpack = require('webpack'); module.exports = { entry: { app: './main.js' }, output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, plugins: [ new webpack.ProvidePlugin({ $: "jquery", jQuery: "jquery", "window.jQuery": "jquery" }) ] };
插件会执行两次这个方法,第一次将公共的第三方代码抽离移到vendor的块中,这个过程以前也讲过会将运行时runtime也转移到vendor块中,第二次执行则是将运行时runtime抽离出来转移到manifest块中。这步操做解决了缓存问题。
这样处理,最后会生成3个打包文件chunk,app.js是业务代码,vendor则是公共的第三方代码,manifest.js则是运行时。
webpack能够不处理应用的某些依赖库,使用externals配置后,依旧能够在代码中经过CMD、AMD或者window/global全局的方式访问。若是你想引入一些全局变量, 可是不想被加载处理, 你能够在 webpack.config.js
使用 externals
模块 (官方文档).
有时咱们但愿咱们经过script引入的库,如用CDN的方式引入的jquery,咱们在使用时,依旧用require的方式来使用,可是却不但愿webpack将它又编译进文件中。
例子, data.js
.
var data = 'Hello World';
We can expose data
as a global variable.
// webpack.config.js module.exports = { entry: './main.jsx', output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, module: { loaders:[ { test: /\.js[x]?$/, exclude: /node_modules/, loader: 'babel-loader', query: { presets: ['es2015', 'react'] } }, ] }, externals: { // require('data') is external and available // on the global var data 'data': 'data' } };
如今, 你能够require data
做为模块化引入进来使用. 可是其实是一个全局变量
// main.jsx var data = require('data'); var React = require('react'); var ReactDOM = require('react-dom'); ReactDOM.render( <h1>{data}</h1>, document.body );
Hot Module Replacement (HMR) exchanges, adds, or removes modules while an application is running without a page reload.
经过webpack-dev-server.你可使用2中方式 来进行热模块替换
(1) Specify --hot
and --inline
on the command line
$ webpack-dev-server --hot --inline
参数的意思:
--hot
: adds the HotModuleReplacementPlugin and switch the server to hot mode.--inline
: embed the webpack-dev-server runtime into the bundle.--hot --inline
: also adds the webpack/hot/dev-server entry.(2) 修改 webpack.config.js
.
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()
to the plugins
模块webpack/hot/dev-server
和 webpack-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080
to the entry
模块webpack.config.js
以下所示.
var webpack = require('webpack'); var path = require('path'); module.exports = { entry: [ 'webpack/hot/dev-server', 'webpack-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080', './index.js' ], output: { filename: 'bundle.js', publicPath: '/static/' }, plugins: [ new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin() ], module: { loaders: [{ test: /\.jsx?$/, exclude: /node_modules/, loader: 'babel-loader', query: { presets: ['es2015', 'react'] }, include: path.join(__dirname, '.') }] } };
启动服务
$ webpack-dev-server
访问 http://localhost:8080, 你能够在浏览器上看到 'Hello World' .
不要关闭服务.打开终端找到 App.js
, 同时修改 'Hello World' 为 'Hello Webpack'. 保存后,你就能够在浏览器上看到数据更新了
App.js
import React, { Component } from 'react'; export default class App extends Component { render() { return ( <h1>Hello World</h1> ); } }
index.js
import React from 'react'; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'; import App from './App'; ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));
index.html
<html> <body> <div id='root'></div> <script src="/static/bundle.js"></script> </body> </html>
利用webpack作的例子 React-router's 官方例子.
Let's imagine a little app with a dashboard, inbox, and calendar.
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| +---------+ +-------+ +--------+ |
| |Dashboard| | Inbox | |Calendar| Logged in as Jane | | +---------+ +-------+ +--------+ | +---------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Dashboard | | | | | | +---------------------+ +----------------------+ | | | | | | | | | + + | +---------> | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | +-------------> | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-+---+----+-----+----+ +----------------------+ | | | +---------------------------------------------------------+
$ webpack-dev-server --history-api-fallback
MIT