如何在ASP.NET Core中实现一个基础的身份认证

注：本文提到的代码示例下载地址> How to achieve a basic authorization in ASP.NET Core

如何在ASP.NET Core中实现一个基础的身份认证

ASP.NET终于能够跨平台了，可是不是咱们经常使用的ASP.NET, 而是叫一个ASP.NET Core的新平台，他能够跨Windows, Linux, OS X等平台来部署你的web应用程序，你能够理解为，这个框架就是ASP.NET的下一个版本，相对于传统ASP.NET程序，它仍是有一些不一样的地方的，好比不少类库在这两个平台之间是不通用的。

 

今天首先咱们在ASP.NET Core中来实现一个基础的身份认证，既登录功能。

 

前期准备：

1.推荐使用 VS 2015 Update3 做为你的IDE，下载地址：www.visualstudio.com

2.你须要安装.NET Core的运行环境以及开发工具，这里提供VS版：www.microsoft.com/net/core

 

建立项目：

在VS中新建项目，项目类型选择ASP.NET Core Web Application (.NET Core), 输入项目名称为TestBasicAuthor。

接下来选择 Web Application, 右侧身份认证选择：No Authentication

 

打开Startup.cs

在ConfigureServices方法中加入以下代码：

services.AddAuthorization(); 

在Configure方法中加入以下代码：

app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions 
{ 
    AuthenticationScheme = "Cookie", LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"), AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Forbidden"), AutomaticAuthenticate = true, AutomaticChallenge = true }); 

完整的代码应该是这样：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 
{ 
    services.AddMvc(); 
 
    services.AddAuthorization(); 
} 
 
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory) { app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions { AuthenticationScheme = "Cookie", LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"), AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Forbidden"), AutomaticAuthenticate = true, AutomaticChallenge = true }); app.UseMvc(routes => { routes.MapRoute( name: "default", template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); }); }

你或许会发现贴进去的代码是报错的，这是由于尚未引入对应的包，进入报错的这一行，点击灯泡，加载对应的包就能够了。

在项目下建立一个文件夹命名为Model，并向里面添加一个类User.cs

代码应该是这样

public class User
{
    public string UserName { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } }

 

建立一个控制器，取名为：AccountController.cs

在类中贴入以下代码：

[HttpGet] 
public IActionResult Login() { return View(); } [HttpPost] public async Task<IActionResult> Login(User userFromFore) { var userFromStorage = TestUserStorage.UserList .FirstOrDefault(m => m.UserName == userFromFore.UserName && m.Password == userFromFore.Password); if (userFromStorage != null) { //you can add all of ClaimTypes in this collection var claims = new List<Claim>() { new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,userFromStorage.UserName) //,new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email,"emailaccount@microsoft.com")  }; //init the identity instances var userPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "SuperSecureLogin")); //signin await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("Cookie", userPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties { ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(20), IsPersistent = false, AllowRefresh = false }); return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); } else { ViewBag.ErrMsg = "UserName or Password is invalid"; return View(); } } public async Task<IActionResult> Logout() { await HttpContext.Authentication.SignOutAsync("Cookie"); return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); } 

相同的文件里让咱们来添加一个模拟用户存储的类

//for simple, I'm not using the database to store the user data, just using a static class to replace it.
public static class TestUserStorage
{
    public static List<User> UserList { get; set; } = new List<User>() { new User { UserName = "User1",Password = "112233"} }; }

接下来修复好各类引用错误。

完整的代码应该是这样

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using TestBasicAuthor.Model; using System.Security.Claims; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Authentication; // For more information on enabling MVC for empty projects, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=397860 namespace TestBasicAuthor.Controllers { public class AccountController : Controller { [HttpGet] public IActionResult Login() { return View(); } [HttpPost] public async Task<IActionResult> Login(User userFromFore) { var userFromStorage = TestUserStorage.UserList .FirstOrDefault(m => m.UserName == userFromFore.UserName && m.Password == userFromFore.Password); if (userFromStorage != null) { //you can add all of ClaimTypes in this collection var claims = new List<Claim>() { new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,userFromStorage.UserName) //,new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email,"emailaccount@microsoft.com")  }; //init the identity instances var userPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "SuperSecureLogin")); //signin await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("Cookie", userPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties { ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(20), IsPersistent = false, AllowRefresh = false }); return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); } else { ViewBag.ErrMsg = "UserName or Password is invalid"; return View(); } } public async Task<IActionResult> Logout() { await HttpContext.Authentication.SignOutAsync("Cookie"); return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); } } //for simple, I'm not using the database to store the user data, just using a static class to replace it. public static class TestUserStorage { public static List<User> UserList { get; set; } = new List<User>() { new User { UserName = "User1",Password = "112233"} }; } }

在Views文件夹中建立一个Account文件夹，在Account文件夹中建立一个名位index.cshtml的View文件。

贴入以下代码：

@model TestBasicAuthor.Model.User


<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <title></title>
</head>
<body> @using (Html.BeginForm()) { <table> <tr> <td></td> <td>@ViewBag.ErrMsg</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UserName</td> <td>@Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.UserName)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Password</td> <td>@Html.PasswordFor(m => m.Password)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><button>Login</button></td> </tr> </table> } </body> </html>

打开HomeController.cs

添加一个Action, AuthPage.

[Authorize]
[HttpGet]
public IActionResult AuthPage() { return View(); }

在Views/Home下添加一个视图，名为AuthPage.cshtml

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Auth page</h1>

    <p>if you are not authorized, you can't visit this page.</p>
</body>
</html>

到此，一个基础的身份认证就完成了，核心登录方法以下：

await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("Cookie", userPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties
{
    ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(20), IsPersistent = false, AllowRefresh = false });

启用验证以下：

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions { AuthenticationScheme = "Cookie", LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"), AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Forbidden"), AutomaticAuthenticate = true, AutomaticChallenge = true }); }

在某个Controller或Action添加[Author]，便可配置位须要登录验证的页面。

 

最后：如何运行这个Sample以及下载完整的代码请访问：How to achieve a basic authorization in ASP.NET Core