树莓派3 食用记录（1）：无显示屏开启树莓派之旅 （多图预警）
0. 准备工做
硬件：
- 树莓派 1个
- 网线 1根
- 电脑 1个
- TF卡 1张 （推荐16G及以上）
- 读卡器 1个
软件
- advanced_ip_scanner.exe IP检索软件
- win32diskimager.exe 烧写软件
- putty.exe 远程登陆软件
- tightvncviewer.exe 远程桌面软件
1. 下载镜像
登陆树莓派官网，下载官方镜像，并解压为 .img 文件javascript
注：DESKTOP 版本是有桌面环境的，Lite 版本没有桌面环境php
2. 烧写镜像
win32diskimager 是镜像读写软件，使用此软件烧录树莓派系统。html
因为后续须要远程登陆系统，须要开启系统的ssh服务，默认是未开启的。java
操做：打开读卡器根路径，新建文本文档并更名为 ssh （无后缀），便可。linux
3. 链接网络
注意：此处默认PC机都是有无线网络和有线网络的，若是是台式机，没有无线网络。须要经过手机的USB共享网络功能，让树莓派链接到手机网络中，经过juiceSSH等软件进行远程登陆操做，可查阅相关资料，在此不作赘述。web
因为须要树莓派和PC机同网络，所以，将无线网络分享给有线网络，而后用网线将PC和树莓派链接起来。安全
链接图以下：ruby
在电脑上设置把无线网络共享给有线网络（以win7为例）：网络
打开控制面板，找到网络链接，右击 无线网络链接-属性，点击共享选项卡，选择共享到本地链接，勾选容许，肯定。app
打开命令行工具（win徽标键+R，输入cmd）。输入ipconfig 查看本地网络ip
此时的树莓派和PC机是共享了一样的有线网，可是如何知道树莓派的地址呢？
下面就要使用 advance_ip_scanner.exe 查看树莓派的IP地址了。
查看结果以下图：
制造商带有 Raspberry Pi 字样的 IP地址就是咱们要找的IP。
4. 远程登陆树莓派
上述中，192.168.137.69 就是咱们要登陆的IP地址。此处咱们使用putty登陆IP地址。
固然也可使用其余的远程登陆软件，只是putty轻便小巧，无记录。
首次登陆，弹出安全警告，点击确认。
默认的用户名是 pi
密码是 raspberry （注意：linux系统中，密码都是不可见的，不要觉得没有输入进去而屡次输入。）
回车后，登陆成功。
5. 设置WiFi网络
此处选择最简单的设置方法，所以使用树莓派自带的配置界面进行网络设置。
命令行中输入 sudo raspi-config
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo raspi-config
弹出设置GUI界面以下：
选择 2 NetWork Options ，回车。
选择 N2 Wi-fi ，回车。
选择国家，输入 C ，定位到 CN China ，回车。
点击OK。
输入wifi名称，按↓箭头，选择OK，回车。
输入密码，选择OK，回车。
返回菜单首页，tab键选择Finish。回车。完成设置。
输入 ifconfig 。查看当前网络。
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.137.69 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.137.255 inet6 fe80::ebcd:2a3e:5a3e:d31 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether b8:27:eb:ca:cd:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 3197 bytes 196291 (191.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 970 bytes 247748 (241.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.0.103 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 inet6 fe80::e91c:4f1e:5794:fc0a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether b8:27:eb:9f:98:1b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 38 bytes 5328 (5.2 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 36 bytes 5971 (5.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 pi@raspberrypi:~ $
找到wlan0，会发现网络已链接，IP为192.168.0.103
再打开putty，输入192.168.0.103 发现已经能够正常链接。
终于，咱们能够拔掉网线，放飞树莓派，让它自由飞翔。（大雾）
至此，咱们能够为所欲为的操做咱们的raspberry pi了。可是，丑媳妇总要见公婆的。咱们没有显示屏，也想看看这媳妇怎么办？
6. 换源并更新软件
树莓派软件源地址在国外，因为你们都懂的缘由，想要下载顺畅丝滑，须要更换国内源，此处以阿里云的源为例更改。
6.1 修改源列表
命令行中输入：
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
修改文本内容：
# deb http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi # Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source' #deb-src http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi
命令行中输入：
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list
修改文本内容：
# deb http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ stretch main ui # Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source' #deb-src http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ stretch main ui deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main ui
注意：可使用如下任意源，可是须要明确本身是什么版本的系统，此处的树莓派系统是 stretch 相应更换此代号便可。
感谢： 此博客[1] 提供的源。
目前最新的树莓派中国大陆地区的软件源: 中国科学技术大学 Raspbian http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ 阿里云 Raspbian http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ 清华大学 Raspbian http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ 华中科技大学 Raspbian http://mirrors.hustunique.com/raspbian/raspbian/ Arch Linux ARM http://mirrors.hustunique.com/archlinuxarm/ 华南农业大学（华南用户） Raspbian http://mirrors.scau.edu.cn/raspbian/ 大连东软信息学院源（北方用户） Raspbian http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ 重庆大学源（中西部用户） Raspbian http://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/Raspbian/raspbian/ 新加坡国立大学 Raspbian http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/raspbian/raspbian 牛津大学 Raspbian http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/archive.raspbian.org/archive/raspbian/ 韩国KAIST大学 Raspbian http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/raspbian/raspbian/
6.2 换取最新软件包
输入 sudo apt-get update 命令，获取最早软件包。
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get update Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch InRelease [15.0 kB] Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf Packages [11.7 MB] Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/contrib armhf Packages [56.9 kB] Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/non-free armhf Packages [95.2 kB] Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/rpi armhf Packages [1,360 B] Fetched 11.8 MB in 10s (1,151 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done W: Target Packages (main/binary-armhf/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:4 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list:4 W: Target Packages (main/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:4 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list:4 W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en_GB) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:4 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list:4 W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:4 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list:4 W: Target Packages (main/binary-armhf/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:4 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list:4 W: Target Packages (main/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:4 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list:4 W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en_GB) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:4 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list:4 W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:4 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list:4
6.3 升级并安装全部软件包
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages will be upgraded: libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 libruby2.3 libssh-gcrypt-4 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 ruby2.3 5 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 14.8 MB of archives. After this operation, 2,301 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 armhf 2.18.6-1~deb9u1+rpi1 [9,709 kB] Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 armhf 2.18.6-1~deb9u1+rpi1 [1,846 kB] Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf libruby2.3 armhf 2.3.3-1+deb9u3+rpi1 [2,865 kB] Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf libssh-gcrypt-4 armhf 0.7.3-2+deb9u1 [144 kB] Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf ruby2.3 armhf 2.3.3-1+deb9u3+rpi1 [188 kB] Fetched 14.8 MB in 4s (3,348 kB/s) Reading changelogs... Done (Reading database ... 105923 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37_2.18.6-1~deb9u1+rpi1_armhf.deb ... Unpacking libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37:armhf (2.18.6-1~deb9u1+rpi1) over (2.16.6-0+deb9u1+rpi1) ... Preparing to unpack .../libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18_2.18.6-1~deb9u1+rpi1_armhf.deb ... Unpacking libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18:armhf (2.18.6-1~deb9u1+rpi1) over (2.16.6-0+deb9u1+rpi1) ... Preparing to unpack .../libruby2.3_2.3.3-1+deb9u3+rpi1_armhf.deb ... Unpacking libruby2.3:armhf (2.3.3-1+deb9u3+rpi1) over (2.3.3-1+deb9u1+rpi1) ... Preparing to unpack .../libssh-gcrypt-4_0.7.3-2+deb9u1_armhf.deb ... Unpacking libssh-gcrypt-4:armhf (0.7.3-2+deb9u1) over (0.7.3-2) ... Preparing to unpack .../ruby2.3_2.3.3-1+deb9u3+rpi1_armhf.deb ... Unpacking ruby2.3 (2.3.3-1+deb9u3+rpi1) over (2.3.3-1+deb9u1+rpi1) ... Setting up libssh-gcrypt-4:armhf (0.7.3-2+deb9u1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u3) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ... Setting up libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18:armhf (2.18.6-1~deb9u1+rpi1) ... Setting up libruby2.3:armhf (2.3.3-1+deb9u3+rpi1) ... Setting up libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37:armhf (2.18.6-1~deb9u1+rpi1) ... Setting up ruby2.3 (2.3.3-1+deb9u3+rpi1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u3) ... pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
7. 安装VNC Server
想看“丑媳妇”，就须要借助vnc工具了。
VNC（Virtual Network Console）虚拟网络控制台，原理是在咱们的Pi上安装Server，而后在PC上安装Viewer，经过网络，实现显示内容的传输。
7.1 安装 tightvncserver
命令行中执行：sudo apt-get install tightvncserver
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get install tightvncserver Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: libxfont1 xfonts-base xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils Suggested packages: tightvnc-java The following packages will be REMOVED: realvnc-vnc-server The following NEW packages will be installed: libxfont1 tightvncserver xfonts-base xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils 0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 7,225 kB of archives. After this operation, 24.0 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf libxfont1 armhf 1:1.5.2-4 [120 kB] Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf tightvncserver armhf 1:1.3.9-9 [550 kB] Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf xfonts-encodings all 1:1.0.4-2 [574 kB] Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf xfonts-utils armhf 1:7.7+4 [70.4 kB] Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian stretch/main armhf xfonts-base all 1:1.0.4+nmu1 [5,911 kB] Fetched 7,225 kB in 3s (2,155 kB/s) (Reading database ... 105924 files and directories currently installed.) Removing realvnc-vnc-server (6.3.1.36657) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxfont1:armhf. (Reading database ... 105847 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libxfont1_1%3a1.5.2-4_armhf.deb ... Unpacking libxfont1:armhf (1:1.5.2-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package tightvncserver. Preparing to unpack .../tightvncserver_1%3a1.3.9-9_armhf.deb ... Unpacking tightvncserver (1:1.3.9-9) ... Selecting previously unselected package xfonts-encodings. Preparing to unpack .../xfonts-encodings_1%3a1.0.4-2_all.deb ... Unpacking xfonts-encodings (1:1.0.4-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package xfonts-utils. Preparing to unpack .../xfonts-utils_1%3a7.7+4_armhf.deb ... Unpacking xfonts-utils (1:7.7+4) ... Selecting previously unselected package xfonts-base. Preparing to unpack .../xfonts-base_1%3a1.0.4+nmu1_all.deb ... Unpacking xfonts-base (1:1.0.4+nmu1) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60) ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-1) ... Setting up tightvncserver (1:1.3.9-9) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/tightvncserver to provide /usr/bin/vncserver (vncserver) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/Xtightvnc to provide /usr/bin/Xvnc (Xvnc) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/tightvncpasswd to provide /usr/bin/vncpasswd (vncpasswd) in auto mode Setting up xfonts-encodings (1:1.0.4-2) ... Setting up libxfont1:armhf (1:1.5.2-4) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u3) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ... Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.8-1+deb9u1) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-9) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-1) ... Processing triggers for fontconfig (2.11.0-6.7) ... Setting up xfonts-utils (1:7.7+4) ... Setting up xfonts-base (1:1.0.4+nmu1) ...
7.2 执行 tightvncserver
命令行中输入：tightvncserver
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ tightvncserver You will require a password to access your desktops. Password:输入密码 Warning: password truncated to the length of 8. Verify:再次输入密码 Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n # 此处问是否须要建立可远观而不可亵玩的密码，我选择否，若是须要给别人开放一个查看密码，选择y New 'X' desktop is raspberrypi:1 Creating default startup script /home/pi/.vnc/xstartup Starting applications specified in /home/pi/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/pi/.vnc/raspberrypi:1.log
7.3 PC端登陆
可使用 tightvncviewer 软件。
打开软件，输入IP地址和端口（端口默认为5901）点击Connect链接。
输入刚才填写的密码，OK确认。
终于让咱们揭开了儿媳妇的面纱（这媳妇还挺俊hhhhhh）。
而后，咱们就能够任意的操做树莓派的系统了。
本文已完。。。。。。。。那是不可能的。
一旦咱们重启树莓派，再次登陆，就无法登入vnc界面了。
这是为何呢？
由于咱们没有让 tightvncserver 开机自启动。
7.4 让 tightvncserver 开启自启动[2]
7.4.1 新建脚本
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo nano /etc/init.d/tightvncserver
编辑输入：
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: tightvncserver
# Required-Start: $syslog $remote_fs $network
# Required-Stop: $syslog $remote_fs $network
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Starts VNC Server on system start.
# Description: Starts tight VNC Server. Script written by James Swineson.
### END INIT INFO
# /etc/init.d/tightvncserver
VNCUSER='pi'
case "$1" in
start)
su $VNCUSER -c '/usr/bin/tightvncserver :1'
echo "Starting TightVNC Server for $VNCUSER"
;;
stop)
pkill Xtightvnc
echo "TightVNC Server stopped"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/tightvncserver {start|stop}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
7.4.3 依次执行
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/tightvncserver # 添加执行权限 pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo update-rc.d tightvncserver defaults # 设置开启启动 pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo reboot # 重启
7.4.5 取消开机启动
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo update-rc.d -f tightvncserver remove
至此，本文真的药丸了。
关于其余的关于树莓派的食用记录：
参考文献：
[1]: 树莓派更换中国大陆地区软件源
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