一.建立Form类html
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#!/usr/bin/env python
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"id": "i1", "class": "c1"}), # 定制html标签
label="用户名"
)
gender = fields.ChoiceField(
choices=((1, "男"), (2, "女")),
initial=2, # 设置默认值
widget=widgets.RadioSelect,
label="性别"
)
city = fields.CharField(
initial=2,
widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,"上海"), (2,"北京"), (3,"重庆"))),
label="城市"
)
pwd = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"p1"}, render_value=True),
label="性别"
)
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2.view函数处理前端
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from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
# Create your views here.
from day60app.form_cls import MyForm
def index(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = MyForm()
return render(request, "index.html", {"obj": obj})
elif request.method == "POST":
obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if obj.is_valid():
v = obj.cleaned_data
print("用户验证成功信息", v)
return redirect("http://www.jd.com")
else:
v = obj.errors
print("错误信息", v)
return render(request, "index.html", {"obj": obj})
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3,生成html标签python
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<!
DOCTYPE
html>
<
html
lang="en">
<
head
>
<
meta
charset="UTF-8">
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h1
>Hello World</
h1
>
<
form
action="/index/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" novalidate>
<
p
>{{ obj.user.label }}{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.user.errors.0 }}</
p
>
<
p
>{{ obj.gender.label }}{{ obj.gender }}{{ obj.gender.errors.0 }}</
p
>
<
p
>{{ obj.pwd.label }}{{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.pwd.errors.0 }}</
p
>
<
p
>{{ obj.city.label }}{{ obj.city }}{{ obj.city.errors.0 }}</
p
>
<
input
type="submit" value="提交">
</
form
>
</
body
>
|
建立Form类时,主要涉及到 【字段】 和 【插件】,字段用于对用户请求数据的验证,插件用于自动生成HTML;git
一、Django内置字段以下:正则表达式
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Field
required=True, 是否容许为空
widget=None, HTML插件
label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
error_messages=None, 错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具备默认值的插件(可用于检验两次输入是否一直)
validators=[], 自定义验证规则
localize=False, 是否支持本地化
disabled=False, 是否能够编辑
label_suffix=None Label内容后缀
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示例:数据库
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class TestForm(forms.Form):
user = fields.CharField(
required=True,
max_length=12,
min_length=3,
error_messages={},
widget = widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":123}), # 定制html插件,属性:用attrs参数
# widget= widgets.Textarea()
label="姓名",
initial='laiying',
show_hidden_initial=False,
# validators=[] #自定制验证规则
# disabled=True
label_suffix=":"
)
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Django内置字段以下:django
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CharField(Field)
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
strip=True 是否移除用户输入空白
IntegerField(Field)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
FloatField(IntegerField)
...
DecimalField(IntegerField)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
max_digits=None, 总长度
decimal_places=None, 小数位长度
BaseTemporalField(Field)
input_formats=None 时间格式化
DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式:2015-09-01 11:12
DurationField(Field) 时间间隔:%d %H:%M:%S.%f
...
RegexField(CharField)
regex, 自定制正则表达式
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
error_message=None, 忽略,错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
EmailField(CharField)
...
FileField(Field)
allow_empty_file=False 是否容许空文件
ImageField(FileField)
...
注:须要PIL模块,pip3 install Pillow
以上两个字典使用时,须要注意两点:
- form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
- view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
URLField(Field)
...
BooleanField(Field)
...
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
...
ChoiceField(Field)
...
choices=(), 选项,如:choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
required=True, 是否必填
widget=None, 插件,默认select插件
label=None, Label内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助提示
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据
empty_label="---------", # 默认空显示内容
to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段
limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
...
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的每个值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值
ComboField(Field)
fields=() 使用多个验证,以下:即验证最大长度20,又验证邮箱格式
fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
MultiValueField(Field)
PS: 抽象类,子类中能够实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值,要配合MultiWidget使用
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
input_date_formats=None, 格式列表:['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
input_time_formats=None 格式列表:['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
FilePathField(ChoiceField) 文件选项,目录下文件显示在页面中
path, 文件夹路径
match=None, 正则匹配
recursive=False, 递归下面的文件夹
allow_files=True, 容许文件
allow_folders=False, 容许文件夹
required=True,
widget=None,
label=None,
initial=None,
help_text=''
GenericIPAddressField
protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4地址,若是是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候,可解析为192.0.2.1, PS:protocol必须为both才能启用
SlugField(CharField) 数字,字母,下划线,减号(连字符)
...
UUIDField(CharField) uuid类型
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需求: 在页面上不用加self直接显示input框app
效果:dom
代码以下:函数
text.html
<body>
{{txt}}
</body>
views.py
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def test(request):
if request.methon == 'GET':
txt = "<
input
type='text' />"
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
txt = mark_safe(txt)
return render(request,'text.html',{'txt':txt})
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注:UUID是根据MAC以及当前时间等建立的不重复的随机字符串
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>>> import uuid
# make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
>>> uuid.uuid1() # doctest: +SKIP
UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
# make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')
# make a random UUID
>>> uuid.uuid4() # doctest: +SKIP
UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')
# make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')
# make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
>>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')
# convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
>>> str(x)
'00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'
# get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
>>> x.bytes
b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'
# make a UUID from a 16-byte string
>>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')
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二、Django内置插件:
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TextInput(Input)
NumberInput(TextInput)
EmailInput(TextInput)
URLInput(TextInput)
PasswordInput(TextInput)
HiddenInput(TextInput)
Textarea(Widget)
DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
CheckboxInput
Select
NullBooleanSelect
SelectMultiple
RadioSelect
CheckboxSelectMultiple
FileInput
ClearableFileInput
MultipleHiddenInput
SplitDateTimeWidget
SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
SelectDateWidget
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经常使用选择插件
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<
strong
># 单radio,值为字符串</
strong
>
# user = fields.CharField(
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
<
strong
># 单radio,值为字符串</
strong
>
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.RadioSelect
# )
<
strong
># 单select,值为字符串</
strong
>
# user = fields.CharField(
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
<
strong
># 单select,值为字符串</
strong
>
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.Select
# )
<
strong
># 多选select,值为列表</
strong
>
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
# initial=[1,],
# widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
# )
<
strong
># 单checkbox</
strong
>
# user = fields.CharField(
# widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
# )
<
strong
># 多选checkbox,值为列表</
strong
>
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# initial=[2, ],
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
# )
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示例:
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#select框的两种写法 #方法一: # xdb = fields.CharField(
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(1,'刚娘'),(2,'铁娘'),(3,'钢弹')])
# )
#方法二:
# xdb = fields.IntegerField(
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(1,'刚娘'),(2,'铁娘'),(3,'钢弹')])
# )
# xdb = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=[(1,'刚娘'),(2,'铁娘'),(3,'钢弹')]
# )
#多选下拉框(有自定义属性)
# xdb = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# choices=[(1, '刚娘'), (2, '铁娘'), (3, '钢弹')],
# widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class':'c1'}) #后面参数是定制属性
# )
#单选checkbox
# xdb = fields.CharField(
# widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
# )
#多选checkbox (多个checkbox,二选一)
# xdb = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# initial=[2, ],
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
# )
#多个选项Radio (互斥 三选一)
# xdb = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),(3, '北京1'),),
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.RadioSelect
# )
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在使用选择标签时,须要注意Choices 的选项能够从数据库中获取,可是因为是静态字段***获取的值没法实时更新***,那么须要自定义构造方法从而达到此目的。
方法一:(推荐使用)
models.py
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from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
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urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app02 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^love/', v2.love),
]
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views.py
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from app01 import models
class LoveForm(forms.Form):
price = fields.IntegerField()
user_id = fields.IntegerField(
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
widget=widgets.Select()
)
#自定义构造方法,实时刷新页面数据
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(LoveForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.fields['user_id'].widget.choices = models.UserInfo.objects.values_list('id', 'username')
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test.html
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<!
DOCTYPE
html>
<
html
lang="en">
<
head
>
<
meta
charset="UTF-8">
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h1
>有缘千里来相会</
h1
>
<
p
>价格:{{ obj.price }}</
p
>
<
p
>姑娘:{{ obj.user_id }}</
p
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
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方法二:(不推荐使用)
使用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipChoiceField字段来实现
(这种django内置的方法不推荐使用,若是要在前端显示数据库中的用户名,须要依赖models中的__str__方法,并且一个class中只有一个__str__, 若是在有的场景中须要同时显示如id user, age等多个字段名时,这个方法就作不到)
urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app02 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^love/', v2.love),
]
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test.html
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<!
DOCTYPE
html>
<
html
lang="en">
<
head
>
<
meta
charset="UTF-8">
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h1
>有缘千里来相会</
h1
>
<
p
>价格:{{ obj.price }}</
p
>
<
p
>姑娘:{{ obj.user_id2 }}</
p
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
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views.py
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from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField
class LoveForm(forms.Form):
price = fields.IntegerField()
user_id2 = ModelChoiceField(
queryset=models.UserInfo.objects.all(),
to_field_name='id'
)
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models.py
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from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.username
# 注意:依赖models中的str方法
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