LNMP编译安装

1. LNMP简介
   Linux系统下Nginx+MySQL+PHP这种网站服务器架构。Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。Mysql是一个小型关系型数据库管理系统。PHP是一种在服务器端执行的嵌入HTML文档的脚本语言。这四种软件均为免费开源软件，组合到一块儿，成为一个免费、高效、扩展性强的网站服务系统。

2. 环境准备
   ```bash
   #下载所需程序安装包
   CentOS-6.8-x86_64 下载地址：https://www.centos.org/
   nginx-1.11.2.tar.gz 下载地址：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.11.2.tar.gz
   mysql-5.6.31.tar.gz 下载地址：http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.31.tar.gz
   php-5.6.23.tar.gz 下载地址：http://php.net/get/php-5.6.22.tar.gz/from/a/mirror

   #以下
   [root@localhost src]# ls /usr/local/src/
   nginx-1.11.2.tar.gz mysql-5.6.31.tar.gz php-5.6.23.tar.gz

   #安装epel扩展源
   rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

   #使用yum安装依赖库
   yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libpng libpng-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses curl openssl-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libXpm-devel libX11-devel gd-devel gmp-devel readline-devel libxslt-devel expat-devel xmlrpc-c xmlrpc-c-devel pcre pcre-devel cmake mcrypt php-mcrypt libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel
   ```

3. 编译安装MySQL
   ```bash
   #建立MySQL运行用户
   useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

   #建立MySQL数据目录并配置权限
   chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
   chmod -R 755 /data/mysql/

   #编译安装MySQL
   [root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src/
   [root@localhost src]# tar -xvzf mysql-5.6.31.tar.gz
   [root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.31
   [root@host1 mysql-5.6.31]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MENORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
   [root@host1 mysql-5.6.31]# make && make install

   #初始化mysql
   [root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
   [root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/

   #拷贝mysql启动脚本并修改
   [root@localhost mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
   [root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/local/bin/mysql
   [root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
   修改以下两行为相应路径
   basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
   datadir=/data/mysql/

   #拷贝配置文件并修改
   [root@localhost mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
   #主要修改以下部分
   [mysqld]
   basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
   datadir = /data/mysql/
   port = 3306
   server_id = 1
   socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

   #启动mysql并测试
   [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
   [root@localhost mysql]# netstat -pantu | grep mysql
   tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 47033/mysqld
   #存在mysql监听3306端口则表示mysql安装正常
   ```

4. 编译安装PHP
   ```bash
   #添加php-fpm的执行用户
   useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm

   #编译安装PHP
   cd /usr/local/src/
   tar -xvzf php-5.6.22.tar.gz
   cd php-5.6.22
   [root@host1 php-5.6.22]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-curl --with-pcre-regex --with-sqlite3 --with-zlib --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-bz2 --with-openssl --with-mcrypt --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/data/mysql/mysql.sock --enable-sysvsem --enable-sockets --enable-pcntl --enable-bcmath --enable-mbstring --enable-mysqlnd --enable-opcache --enable-shmop --enable-json --enable-exif --enable-zip --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-wddx --enable-soap --disable-ipv6
   [root@host1 php-5.6.22]# make && make install

   #拷贝php配置文件php.ini
   cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.22/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
   #拷贝php启动脚本php-fpm
   cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.22/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
   chmod +x php-fpm
   chkconfig --add php-fpm
   chkconfig php-fpm on

   #拷贝php配置文件
   mv /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

   #启动php-fpm服务
   chmod+x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
   service php-fpm start

   #查看php-fpm的进程和占用端口
   [root@host1 php]# netstat -pantu|grep php-fpm
   tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 56407/php-fpm
   [root@host1 php]# ps aux|grep php-fpm|grep -v grep
   root 56407 0.0 0.2 216284 5056 ? Ss 19:39 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
   php-fpm 56408 0.0 0.2 216284 4724 ? S 19:39 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
   php-fpm 56409 0.0 0.2 216284 4724 ? S 19:39 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
   ```

5. 编译安装nginx
   ```bash
   #编译安装nginx
   cd /usr/local/src/
   tar -xvzf nginx-1.11.2.tar.gz
   cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.11.2
   [root@host1 nginx-1.11.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ --with-pcre
   [root@host1 nginx-1.11.2]# make && make install

   #建立主程序软链接
   ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/nginx

   #配置NGINX解析php
   [root@host1 nginx]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
   #配置以下内容，其中fastcgi_param路径要与web路径保持一致
   location ~ .php$ {
   root html;
   fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
   fastcgi_index index.php;
   fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
   include fastcgi_params;
   }

   #nginx配置文件语法检查
   [root@CentOS6 html]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
   nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
   nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx//conf/nginx.conf test is successfu

   #启动nginx [root@host1 nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ```