MySQL Replication配置
MySQL Replication配置
1、MySQL主从介绍
- MySQL主从又叫作Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器作主从后，在A上写数据，另一台B也会跟着写数据，二者数据实时同步；
- MySQL主从是基于binlog的，主上须开启binlog才能进行主从；
- 主从过程大体有3个步骤：
- 主将更改操做记录到binlog里
- 从将主的binlog事件（sql语句）同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里
- 从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行
- 主(master)上有一个log dump线程，用来和从的I/O线程传递binlong；
- 从(slave)上有两个线程，其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog，另一个sql线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地。
2、准备工做
作实验须要两台机器，且都须要mysql；php
- 主机1 ying01 192.168.112.136；
- 主机2 ying02 192.168.112.138 ;
第一步：先查看ying02是否安装mysqlmysql
[root@ying02 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql ls: 没法访问/usr/local/mysql: 没有那个文件或目录 [root@ying02 ~]# ps aux |grep mysql root 1270 0.0 0.0 112676 980 pts/0 S+ 11:50 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@ying02 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@ying02 src]# ls
第二步;把ying01上的mysql 5.6的安装包，复制到ying02机器上；linux
利用xftp软件，先把ying01上的mysql 5.6安装包复制到桌面；web
接着再从桌面移到/usr/local/src/sql
第三步：此时，解压，建立用户，编译等（见LNMP 笔记）数据库
[root@ying02 src]# ls mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [root@ying02 src]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [root@ying02 src]# mv mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql [root@ying02 src]# ls /usr/local/mysql/ bin COPYING data docs include lib man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files [root@ying02 src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ [root@ying02 mysql]# useradd mysql [root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
编译的时候出现错误，须要安装 perl perl-devel库vim
[root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql -bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: /usr/bin/perl: 坏的解释器: 没有那个文件或目录 [root@ying02 mysql]# yum -y install perl perl-devel
继续安装 perl-Data-Dumperbash
[root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db: Data::Dumper [root@ying02 mysql]# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper
继续按提示安装：libaio服务器
[root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory [root@ying02 mysql]# yum install -y libaio
此时，编译成功，用echo $? 检测，为0正确socket
[root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql [root@ying02 mysql]# echo $? 0
第四步：按下面，配置my.cnf文件
[root@ying02 mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql //指定数据目录 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock //指定sock位置
第五步：把mysql脚本，复制到/etc/init.d下，并更名为mysqld；并配置脚本文件；
[root@ying02 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@ying02 mysql]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld //脚本文件，按下面配置 basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysql
第六步：启动mysql脚本服务；
[root@ying02 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/ying02.err'. . SUCCESS!
3、配置主
如今把ying01做为主(master),把ying02做为从(slave)
按下面提示，编辑主配置文件；
[root@ying01 src]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock server-id=136 //须要添加，id任意数字 log_bin=ying01 //前缀
重启mysql服务；查看数据目录有 ying01.000001和ying.index两个文件；
[root@ying01 src]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! ` [root@ying01 src]# cd /data/mysql/ //切换到mysql数据目录下 [root@ying01 mysql]# ls -l 总用量 176308 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 16384 6月 27 09:58 aria_log.00000001 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 52 6月 27 09:58 aria_log_control -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 56 6月 24 08:45 auto.cnf -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 2747 6月 27 09:58 ib_buffer_pool -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 79691776 7月 19 13:26 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 19 13:26 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 19 13:22 ib_logfile1 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 0 6月 24 17:37 multi-master.info drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 11 22:48 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 11 23:28 mysql2 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 6月 24 07:45 performance_schema drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 6月 24 07:45 test -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 120 7月 19 13:26 ying01.000001 //新生成的 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 89233 7月 19 13:26 ying01.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16 7月 19 13:26 ying01.index //新生成的索引页 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 7月 19 13:26 ying01.pid drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 7月 16 23:59 zrlog
先把zrlog数据库作备份，并更名为 yingying数据库；
[root@ying01 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pyinglinux zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql //先备份 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 mysql]# du -sh /tmp/zrlog.sql 12K /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@ying01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux -e "create database yingying" //建立yingying数据库 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux yingying < /tmp/zrlog.sql //再把备份的写入到yingying Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 mysql]# ls -lt 总用量 176276 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 19 13:30 ib_logfile0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 79691776 7月 19 13:30 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 10999 7月 19 13:30 ying01.000001 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 7月 19 13:30 yingying //备份的数据库，yingying -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 89233 7月 19 13:26 ying01.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 7月 19 13:26 ying01.pid -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16 7月 19 13:26 ying01.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 19 13:22 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 7月 16 23:59 zrlog drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 11 23:28 mysql2 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 11 22:48 mysql -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 16384 6月 27 09:58 aria_log.00000001 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 52 6月 27 09:58 aria_log_control -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 2747 6月 27 09:58 ib_buffer_pool -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 0 6月 24 17:37 multi-master.info -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 56 6月 24 08:45 auto.cnf drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 6月 24 07:45 performance_schema drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 6月 24 07:45 test [root@ying01 mysql]#
进入mysql；
[root@ying01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
授予repl用户（所属IP）从复制权限，针对全部的数据库及表，以及密码
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.112.138' identified by 'yinglinux111'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
grant 权限 on 数据库对象 to 用户
名词 解释 replication slave 从复制权限 *.* 数据库.表 repl 主从复制的用户 IP slave的IP
先锁定数据库以防止写入数据；
mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看master状态
mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | ying01.000001 | 11211 | | | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
把须要主从复制的数据库都备份
[root@ying01 mysql]# ls /tmp/ 1212.txt php_errors.log-20180704 test.com.log hsperfdata_root php-fcgi.sock user.sql mysql_all.sql systemd-private-0b22f6f6d29c4dd98b413eb07065989f-chronyd.service-k7zu0o ying.sock mysqlbak.sql systemd-private-0b22f6f6d29c4dd98b413eb07065989f-vgauthd.service-2DBZkO zrlog.sql mysql.sock systemd-private-0b22f6f6d29c4dd98b413eb07065989f-vmtoolsd.service-25Cn8e [root@ying01 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pyinglinux mysql2 > /tmp/my2.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
4、配置从
如今在从端配置: ying02 192.168.112.138
编辑mysql配置文件；
[root@ying02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock server-id=138 //id只要和主端不一样便可
重启mysql服务；并利用scp命令，复制ying01上备份文件到ying02上/tmp下；
[root@ying02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@ying02 ~]# ls /data/mysql/ auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema test ying02.err ying02.pid [root@ying02 ~]# scp 192.168.112.136:/tmp/my2.sql /tmp/ my2.sql 100% 641KB 18.6MB/s 00:00 [root@ying02 ~]# scp 192.168.112.136:/tmp/zrlog.sql /tmp/ zrlog.sql 100% 10KB 2.1MB/s 00:00 [root@ying02 ~]# ls /tmp/ 1212.txt systemd-private-a229089a97fe4894a0c6a4e777a7688a-chronyd.service-Jlqqo0 zrlog.sql my2.sql systemd-private-a229089a97fe4894a0c6a4e777a7688a-vgauthd.service-lVk5CW mysql.sock systemd-private-a229089a97fe4894a0c6a4e777a7688a-vmtoolsd.service-NuLEq4
因为ying02没有给mysql命令指定环境变量；所以此时须要设置别名，方便使用；
[root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot //没有设置环境变量 -bash: mysql: 未找到命令 [root@ying02 ~]# alias 'mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql' //别名 [root@ying02 ~]# alias 'mysqldump=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump' //别名 [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot //如今可使用 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
建立与ying01上相同的数据库，并把/tmp下相应的备份数据库，拷贝到刚建立的数据库，须要一一对应；
mysql> create database yingying; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database zrlog; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database mysql2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.20 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot yingying < /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot zrlog < /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot mysql < /tmp/my2.sql ERROR 1556 (HY000) at line 180: You can't use locks with log tables. [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot mysql2 < /tmp/my2.sql [root@ying02 ~]# ls /data/mysql/ auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql2 performance_schema test ying02.err ying02.pid yingying zrlog [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
若slave io及sql线程已经启动，须要先 stop slave
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
change master命令设置slave从机与master主机进行通讯；
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.112.136',master_user='repl',master_password='yinglinux111',master_log_file='ying01.000001',master_log_pos=11211; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
语句释义：
- master_host 与 master_port：分别表明master主机名（或IP地址）及mysql实例端口号。端口默认为3306,则能够省略；
- master_user 与 master_password：链接到master主机复制帐户所对应的用户名及密码。
- master_log_file 与 master_log_pos：肯定slave的io线程下次开始执行时从master开始读取的位置坐标，若是两者都没有指定，slave使用上次slave sql线程保存的位置。
注意：change master to能够不带参数，如：只改变了用于复制的用户密码，那么change master to只需针对master_password选项做出修改便可。
开启从机上slave io及sql线程；
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting //有问题
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
出现 Slave_IO_Running: Connecting 问题
有问题 ，先中止slave；
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)在排查用户名，密码等配置信息后，发现ying01端的防火墙没有关闭；
[root@ying01 mysql]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@ying01 mysql]# iptables -nvL Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
回到从端（ying02），从新开启start slave
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.112.136', master_user='repl', master_password='yinglinux111', master_log_file='ying01.000001', master_log_pos=112211;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave; //开启
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.112.136
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: ying01.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 11211
Relay_Log_File: ying02-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 280
Relay_Master_Log_File: ying01.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //配置成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //配置成功
配置成功后，而后到ying01上，解锁数据表；
mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
5、测试主从同步
数据库及表同步也能够指定，主从上命令不一样：
主服务器：
- binglog-do-db=1,2 //仅同步指定的库1和2
- bing-ignore-db=3 //忽略指定的库3
从服务器：
- replicate-do-db=
- replicate-ignore-db=
- replicate-do-table
- replicate-ignore-table=
- replicate-wild-do-table= // 经常使用
- replicate-wild-ignore-table= // 经常使用
如今分别在ying01和ying02机器上进行主从测试：
在主（ying01）上，进入yingying数据库，查看其数据表状况；
mysql> mysql> use yingying Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; //常看当前数据库的表 +--------------------+ | Tables_in_yingying | +--------------------+ | comment | | link | | log | | lognav | | plugin | | tag | | type | | user | | website | +--------------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) from website; //查看websites表的行数 +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 10 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> truncate table website; //清空ebsites表内容 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> select count(*) from website; //此时此表内容为0 +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 0 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table website; //删除 website表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql>
从端（ying02）测试
mysql> use yingying //进入yingying数据库 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select count(*) from website; //查看 website的行数，与主端一致 +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 10 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) from website; //在主端清空 website表的内容，此时与主端一致 +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 0 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from website; //在主端删除 website表，此时也与主端一致，此表已经不存在 ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'yingying.website' doesn't exist mysql> select count(*) from website; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'yingying.website' doesn't exist mysql>
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