使用NuGet管理项目类库引用
NuGet 是微软开发平台（包括.NET平台）的一个包管理器，这里只介绍和.NET相关的NuGet Visual Studio扩展客户端, 在VS2010 ,VS2012 ,VS2013中默认集成了NuGet 工具， 有了它，管理项目中的第三方库变得异常简单和便捷。javascript
NuGet 提供用户两种交互方式， 一是用户界面， 二是powershell命令行. 从vs的工具->包管理器 咱们能够看到这两个选项css
NuGet用户界面html
NuGet命令行java
下面主要介绍命令行的使用：jquery
- Get-Help nuget , 打印NuGet包含的命令, 好比得到项目中引用的库文件Get-Package, 安装，卸载，更新库 Install/Uninstall/Update-Package等
PM> Get-Help nuget
TOPIC
about_NuGet
SHORT DESCRIPTION
Provides information about NuGet Package Manager commands.
LONG DESCRIPTION
This topic describes the NuGet Package Manager commands. NuGet is an integrated package
management tool for adding libraries and tools to .NET projects.
The following NuGet cmdlets are included.
Cmdlet Description
------------------ ----------------------------------------------
Get-Package Gets the set of installed packages. With -ListAvailable,
gets the set of packages available from the package source.
Install-Package Installs a package and its dependencies into the project.
Uninstall-Package Uninstalls a package. If other packages depend on this package,
the command will fail unless the –Force option is specified.
Update-Package Updates a package and its dependencies to a newer version.
Add-BindingRedirect Examines all assemblies within the output path for a project
and adds binding redirects to the application (or web)
configuration file where necessary.
Get-Project Returns a reference to the DTE (Development Tools Environment)
for the specified project. If none is specifed, returns the
default project selected in the Package Manager Console.
Open-PackagePage Open the browser pointing to ProjectUrl, LicenseUrl or
ReportAbuseUrl of the specified package.
Register-TabExpansion Registers a tab expansion for the parameters of a command.
SEE ALSO
Online documentation: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=206619
Get-Package
Install-Package
Uninstall-Package
Update-Package
Add-BindingRedirect
Get-Project
Open-PackagePage
Register-TabExpansion
- Get-Help ，打印命令帮助， 至关于linux bash的 man / get-help ,好比咱们想看Get-Package 能够干吗，输入get-help get-package ,输出以下：
PM> get-help get-package
NAME
Get-Package
SYNOPSIS
Gets the set of installed packages. Use the -ListAvailable flag to list packages available from the package source.
SYNTAX
Get-Package -Source <string> [-ListAvailable] [-Updates] [-ProjectName <string>] [-Filter <string>] [-First <int>] [-Skip <in
t>] [-AllVersions] [-IncludePrerelease] [<CommonParameters>]
DESCRIPTION
Gets the set of installed packages. Use the -ListAvailable flag to list packages available from the package source.
RELATED LINKS
Online version: http://docs.nuget.org/
Get-Package
REMARKS
To see the examples, type: "get-help Get-Package -examples".
For more information, type: "get-help Get-Package -detailed".
For technical information, type: "get-help Get-Package -full".
NuGet命令使用PowerShell， 因此对PowerShell熟悉的同窗能够很快上手使用。linux
- Install-Package ，用于安装包 ， 好比咱们想在名称为MvcApp的 asp.net mvc项目中引用jquery ,直接输入Install-Package jquery便可安装NuGet资源中最新版jquery , 固然咱们也能够指定安装某个版本的jquery, 好比1.8.2 版jquery , 安装到MvcApp中
PM> Install-Package jquery -Version 1.8.2 -ProjectName MvcApp 'jQuery 1.8.2' already installed. Adding 'jQuery 1.8.2' to MvcApp. Successfully added 'jQuery 1.8.2' to MvcApp.
安装好后，你去mvc项目的Scripts目录就能够看到添加的jquery引用（包括智能提示文件和min文件及未经压缩的文件），另外你能够看到packages.config文件里面新增了一条引用记录：web
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <packages> <package id="DotNetOpenAuth.AspNet" version="4.1.4.12333" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="DotNetOpenAuth.Core" version="4.1.4.12333" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.Consumer" version="4.1.4.12333" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.Core" version="4.1.4.12333" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.Core" version="4.1.4.12333" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.RelyingParty" version="4.1.4.12333" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="EntityFramework" version="5.0.0" targetFramework="net45"></package> <package id="jQuery" version="1.8.2" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="knockoutjs" version="2.2.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc" version="4.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.FixedDisplayModes" version="1.0.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.Razor" version="2.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.Web.Optimization" version="1.0.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi" version="4.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client" version="4.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core" version="4.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.OData" version="4.0.30506" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.WebHost" version="4.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages" version="2.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.Data" version="2.0.20710.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.OAuth" version="2.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.WebData" version="2.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.Data.Edm" version="5.2.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.Data.OData" version="5.2.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.jQuery.Unobtrusive.Ajax" version="2.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.jQuery.Unobtrusive.Validation" version="2.0.30506.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.Net.Http" version="2.0.20710.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure" version="1.0.0.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Modernizr" version="2.6.2" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="4.5.11" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="System.Spatial" version="5.2.0" targetFramework="net45" /> <package id="WebGrease" version="1.3.0" targetFramework="net45" /> </packages>
另外若是引用的包存在依赖， NuGet会包含下载全部的依赖文件。shell
- Update-Package ，更新包, 好比咱们要使用1.9版的jquery,以下
PM> Update-Package jquery -Version 1.9 -ProjectName MvcApp Updating 'jQuery' from version '1.8.2' to '1.9.0' in project 'MvcApp'. Removing 'jQuery 1.8.2' from MvcApp. Successfully removed 'jQuery 1.8.2' from MvcApp. Adding 'jQuery 1.9.0' to MvcApp. Installing 'jQuery 1.9.0'. Successfully installed 'jQuery 1.9.0'. Successfully added 'jQuery 1.9.0' to MvcApp. Uninstalling 'jQuery 1.8.2'. Successfully uninstalled 'jQuery 1.8.2'.
咱们以前装的1.8.2被删除， 1.9.0版的jquery被引用， 同时packages.config文件也会更新。bash
- Uninstall-Package ，卸载包， 好比咱们不用jquery了， 删除之 （若是有其余包引用jquery ,那么应该先删除依赖jquery的包，否则会报错。）
PM> Uninstall-Package jQuery Removing 'jQuery 1.9.0' from MvcApp. Successfully removed 'jQuery 1.9.0' from MvcApp. Uninstalling 'jQuery 1.9.0'. Successfully uninstalled 'jQuery 1.9.0'.
一样，packages.config会删除jquery记录。mvc
- Get-Package ，得到项目引用的包列表，或NuGet资源中心的包列表,好比得到MvcApp引用了那些包
PM> Get-Package -ProjectName MvcApp Id Version Description/Release Notes -- ------- ------------------------- DotNetOpenAuth.AspNet 4.1.4.12333 Enables web site visitors to log into an ASP.NET web application via popular identity provi... DotNetOpenAuth.Core 4.1.4.12333 This package contains shared code for other NuGet packages, and contains no public API in a... DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.Consumer 4.1.4.12333 Improve usability, reliability, conversion rates and security simultaneously by simply aski... DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth.Core 4.1.4.12333 This package contains shared code for other NuGet packages, and contains no public API in a... DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.Core 4.1.4.12333 This package contains shared code for other NuGet packages, and contains no public API in a... DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.Relyi... 4.1.4.12333 Increase conversion rates to your web site by lowering the bar to create an account with yo... EntityFramework 5.0.0 Entity Framework is Microsoft's recommended data access technology for new applications. knockoutjs 2.2.0 A JavaScript MVVM library to help you create rich, dynamic user interfaces with clean maint... Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc 4.0.30506.0 This package contains the runtime assemblies for ASP.NET MVC. ASP.NET MVC gives you a power... Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.FixedD... 1.0.0 This package contains a workaround for a bug affecting mobile view caching in ASP.NET MVC 4... Microsoft.AspNet.Razor 2.0.30506.0 This package contains the runtime assemblies for ASP.NET Web Pages. ASP.NET Web Pages and t... Microsoft.AspNet.Web.Optimi... 1.0.0 ASP.NET Optimization introduces a way to bundle and optimize css/js files. Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi 4.0.30506.0 This package contains everything you need to host ASP.NET Web API on IIS. ASP.NET Web API i... Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client 4.0.30506.0 This package adds support for formatting and content negotiation to System.Net.Http. It inc... Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core 4.0.30506.0 This package contains the core runtime assemblies for ASP.NET Web API. This package is used... Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.OData 4.0.30506 This package contains everything you need to create OData endpoints using ASP.NET Web API a... Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Web... 4.0.30506.0 This package contains everything you need to host ASP.NET Web API on IIS. ASP.NET Web API i... Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages 2.0.30506.0 This package contains core runtime assemblies shared between ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Web Pa... Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.Data 2.0.20710.0 This package contains the runtime assemblies for ASP.NET Web Pages. ASP.NET Web Pages and t... Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.O... 2.0.30506.0 This package contains the runtime assemblies for ASP.NET Web Pages. ASP.NET Web Pages and t... Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.W... 2.0.30506.0 This package contains the runtime assemblies for ASP.NET Web Pages. ASP.NET Web Pages and t... Microsoft.Data.Edm 5.2.0 Classes to represent, construct, parse, serialize and validate entity data models. Targets ... Microsoft.Data.OData 5.2.0 Classes to serialize, deserialize and validate OData payloads. Enables construction of ODat... Microsoft.jQuery.Unobtrusiv... 2.0.30506.0 jQuery plugin that unobtrusively sets up jQuery.Validation. Microsoft.Net.Http 2.0.20710.0 This package provides a programming interface for modern HTTP applications. This package in... Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure 1.0.0.0 This package contains the Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure assembly that lets you dynamically r... Modernizr 2.6.2 Modernizr adds classes to the <html> element which allow you to target specific browser fun... Newtonsoft.Json 4.5.11 Json.NET is a popular high-performance JSON framework for .NET System.Spatial 5.2.0 Contains a number of classes and canonical methods that facilitate geography and geometry s... WebGrease 1.3.0 Web Grease is a suite of tools for optimizing javascript, css files and images.
以上几个命令是NuGet管理包的几个经常使用命令，固然咱们也能够选择在用户界面中进行相应操做，有兴趣探索更多命令和功能的同窗能够参考NuGet官方网站 http://docs.nuget.org/。
总结：
有了NuGet, 包和包之间的依赖管理今后变得异常简单和便捷， 在团队开发中， 你们只用共享一份相同的packages.config 配置文件便可避免库引用错乱的局面。 咱们甚至能够编写一小段powershell代码，为全部项目自动引用须要的包。
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