ping # 测试主机的连通性 file # 用于配置文件属性 yum # 用于管理软件包 cron # 配置计划任务 copy/fetch # 复制文件到远程主机/复制远程主机文件到本地 command # 在远程主机上执行命令 shell/raw # 相似于command模块,支持管道与通配符(最经常使用) user/group # 配置用户/用户组 service # 用于管理服务 ping # 检测远程主机是否存活 setup # 远程主机基本信息 mount # 配置挂载点 script # 脚本复制拷贝相关(最经常使用) get_url # 下载模块
append # (yes|no, default=no) yes:增量添加group,no: 全量变动group,之设置groups指定的group组 comment # (default=no) 可选设置用户的帐户的描述 createhome # (yes|no,default=yes),建立用户时或家目录不存在时建立home目录 expires # 用户过时时间, force # (yes|no default=no) 强制,与state=absent结合使用时,效果等同于 userdel --force generate_ssh_key # (yes|no,default=no) 是否生成 ssh Key,不会覆盖已有的ssh Key group # 可选。设置用户属组 groups # 设置用户附加群组,使用逗号分开多个群组home # 可选,设置用户家目录 login_class # 可选,设置 bsd系统的用户登陆class move_home # (yes|no,default=no,临时迁移用户家目录到指定目录)name # 用户名 non_unique # Optionally when used with the -u option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique password # 设置用户密码为指定的密码remove # 至关于 userdel remove shell # 设置用户shell
skeleton # Optionally set a home skeleton directory. Requires createhome option! ssh_key_bits # 指定生成ssh key的加密位数 ssh_key_comment # 定义ssh key的注释 ssh_key_file # 指定ssh key文件名 ssh_key_passphrase # 设置ssh key密码 ssh_key_type # 指定ssh key 类型,默认rsa state # (default=present) present,新建用户;absent,删除用户 system # (yes|no,default=no) 当建立新帐户时,该选项为yes,为用户设置系统帐户,对已经存在的用户无效 uid # 可选,设置用户uid update_password # (no|always,default=always) always:只有当密码不相同时才会更新密码,on_create:为新用户设置密码
示例:html
//新增用户,使用bash shell,附加组为admins,dbagroup,家目录 /home/dba ansible dba -m user -a "name=dba shell=/bin/bash groups=admins,dbagroup append=yes home=/home/dba state=present" //修改用户属组 ansible dba -m user -a "name=dba groups=dbagroup append=no" //修改用户属性 ansible dba -m user -a "name=dba expires=1464775222(时间戳)" // 删除用户 ansible dba -m user "name=dba state=abesent remove=yes" //变动用户密码 ansible dba -m user -a "name=tom shell=/bin/bash password="密码 update_password=always" 这里的password为通过加密后的密码,两种方式生成加密密码:
方法①、
yum install expect makepasswd
mkpasswd --method=SHA-512
方法②、使用python passlib、getpass库生成密码
pip install passlib
生成密码(python3.x)
python -c "from passlib.hash import sha512_crypt;import getpass;print (sha512_crypt.encrypt(getpass.getpass()))"
普通加密算法
python -c "import crypt;print (crypt.crypt("redhat123","dba")"
应用层用户管理(如MySQL用户管理)java
//添加一个mysql用户
ansible db -m mysql_user -a "login_host=localhost login_password="mysqlmima login_user=root name=stanly password=stanlymima priv=zabbix.*:all state=present"
模块参数说明node
archive # 是否采用归档模式同步,即以源文件相同属性同步到目标地址
checksum # 是否效验
compress # 开启压缩,默认为开启
copy_links # 同步的时候是否复制链接
delete # 删除源中没有而目标存在的文件(即以推送方为主)
dest= # 目标地址路径
dest_port # 目标接受的端口,ansible配置文件中的 ansible_ssh_port 变量优先级高于该 dest_port 变量
dirs # 以非递归的方式传输目录
existing_only # Skip creating new files on receiver.
group # Preserve group
links # Copy symlinks as symlinks.
mode # 模式,rsync 同步的方式 PUSH\PULL,默认都是推送push。若是你在使用拉取pull功能的时候,能够参考以下来实现mode=pull 更改推送模式为拉取模式
recursive # 是否递归 yes/no
rsync_opts # 使用rsync 的参数
rsync_path # 服务的路径,指定 rsync 命令来在远程服务器上运行。这个参考rsync命令的--rsync-path参数,--rsync-path=PATH # 指定远程服务器上的rsync命令所在路径信息
rsync_timeout # 指定 rsync 操做的 IP 超时时间,和rsync命令的 --timeout 参数效果同样.
set_remote_user # put user@ for the remote paths. If you have a custom ssh config to define the remote user for
src=\‘#\‘" # 源,同步的数据源
times #
--exclude=.Git 忽略同步.git结尾的文件
因为模块默认启用了archive参数,该参数默认开启了recursive, links, perms, times, owner,group和-D参数。若是你将该参数设置为no,那么你将中止不少参数,好比会致使以下目的递归失败,致使没法拉取
使用synchronize模块,系统必须安装rsync 包,不然没法使用这个模块
示例:python
ansible -i /etc/ansible/web_guanwang huizhongcf -m synchronize -a 'src=/var/lib/jenkins/workspace/HuiZhong/hzcfCMS/ dest=/usr/share/nginx/html/ rsync_opts="--exclude=.git" '
解释:
指定 /etc/ansible/web_guanwang 目录下的hosts 文件 里huizhongcf 组名
-m 指定模块名
-a 命令
rsync_opts 指定参数 忽略.git 结尾的文件 mysql
ansible web -m shell -a 'command' -o ansible web -m shell -a 'uname -r ' -f 5 -o
注解: -f 5 线程数 -o 输出linux
shell: chdir={{ tomcat_dir }}/../../ nohup rm -rf work &
清除tomcat缓存操做ios
一、将ansible主机上的压缩包在本地解压缩后传到远程主机上,这种状况下,copy=yes. 本地解压缩,解压缩位置不是默认的目录,没找到或传完删了 后传到远程主机nginx
二、将远程主机上的某个压缩包解压缩到指定路径下。这种状况下,须要设置copy=no 远程主机上面的操做,不涉及ansible服务端git
用于解压文件,模块包含以下选项: copy:默认为yes。若为no,则要求目标主机上压缩包必须存在。 creates:指定一个文件名,当该文件存在时,则解压指令不执行 dest:远程主机上的一个路径,即文件解压的路径 grop:解压后的目录或文件的属组 list_files:若是为yes,则会列出压缩包里的文件,默认为no,2.0版本新增的选项 mode:解决后文件的权限 src:若是copy为yes,则须要指定压缩文件的源路径 owner:解压后文件或目录的属主
示例:web
src: "{{ war_files }}" dest: "{{ tomcat_root }}" copy: yes
ansible web -m copy -a 'src=host.py dest=/root/host.py' owner=root group=root mode=644 backup=yes'
参数说明
参数名 选项 必须 参数说明 backup yes/no no 备份远程节点上的原始文件,在拷贝以前。若是发生什么意外,原始文件还能使用。 content yes/no no 用来替代src,用于将指定文件的内容,拷贝到远程文件内 dest yes/no yes 用于定位远程节点上的文件,须要绝对路径。若是src指向的是文件夹,这个参数也必须是指向文件夹 directory_mode yes/no no 这个参数只能用于拷贝文件夹时候,这个设定后,文件夹内新建的文件会被拷贝。而老旧的不会被拷贝 follow yes/no no 当拷贝的文件夹内有link存在的时候,那么拷贝过去的也会有link group yes/no no 指明文件属组 mode yes/no no 指明文件的权限 owner yes/no no 指明文件的属主 src yes/no no 文件源地址路径
安装:ansible web -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=latest' -f 5 -o 启动:ansible web -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=started' -f 5 -o 验证:ansible web -m shell -a 'netstat -ntlp| grep httpd ' -f 5
首先openssl生成密码,而后user命令添加用户
生成密码 echo ansible|openssl passwd -1 -stdin 新建用户 ansible web -m user -a 'name=username password="生成的密码" ' -f 5 -o
ssh-keyscan xx.xx.xxx.xxx xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx >> /root/.ssh/known_hosts ##测试貌似没经过
export ANSIBLE_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=False ##可用
cat sshkey.yml --- - hosts: Partner gather_facts: false tasks: - name: install sshkey authorized_key: user=root key="{{ lookup('file', '/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}" state=present
##执行 ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/Partner/hosts sshkey.yml --ask-pass
ansible web -m get_url -a "http://xx.com/xx.tar.gz dest=/tmp"
lineinfile模块针对文件特殊行,使用后端引用的正则表达式来替换,相似linux工具中的sed工具
//删除一行 - name: 删除一行 lineinfile: dest: /opt/playbook/test/hosts state: absent regexp: '^192\.' tags: - ... //添加一行 - name: 添加一行(在最后添加) lineinfile: dest: /opt/playbook/test/hosts line: '.....' tags: - ... //若是匹配到这一行,引用line这一行做为替换,若是匹配不到,则引用line这同样做为添加 - name: Fully quoted a line lineinfile: dest: /opt/playbook/test/testfile state: present regexp: '^%wheel' line: '%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' tags: - testfile //关于参数backrefs,backup使用。 backrefs为no时,若是没有匹配,则添加一行line。若是匹配了,则把匹配内容替被换为line内容。 backrefs为yes时,若是没有匹配,则文件保持不变。若是匹配了,把匹配内容替被换为line内容。 backup为no时,没有匹配,则添加。若是匹配了,则替换 backup为yes时,没有匹配,添加,若是匹配了,则替换
//示例
- name: test backrefs lineinfile: # backup: yes state: present dest: /opt/playbook/test/testfile regexp: '^#\?bar' backrefs: yes line: 'bar' tags: - test_backrefs
设定regexp匹配不到,而后匹配“insertbefore”文本:
若匹配到“insertbefore”值=1:匹配“insertbefore”值以前的行,精确匹配行“line”;若匹配行“line”到,不作任何操做;若未匹配到,则在“insertbefore”值以前增长行“line”。
若匹配到“insertbefore”值>1:则只有最后一个“insertbefore”值为有效匹配值,其他同上。
- name: Lineinfile-iptables lineinfile: dest: /etc/sysconfig/iptables regexp: "ruler:other start" line: "{{item.line}}" insertbefore: "ruler:other end" backrefs: yes with_items: - { line: '-A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports {{TOMCAT_PORT}} -j ACCEPT'}
优先匹配“regexp”,若匹配到则直接替换为“line”,未匹配到则分红下面的状况
① 存在“backrefs: yes” 参数:
A匹配“insertbefore”文本或者“insertafter”文本,若都未匹配到,则不会作任何操做。
B匹配到“insertbefore”文本(匹配多个最后一个有效),会从“insertbefore”文本往前匹配“line”,若匹配不到则新增行“line”,不然不作任何操做。
C匹配到“insertafter”文本(匹配多个最后一个有效),会从“insertafter”文本日后匹配“line”,若匹配不到则新增行“line”,不然不作任何操做。
② 不存在“backrefs: yes” 参数:
A匹配“insertbefore”文本或者“insertafter”文本,若都未匹配到,则在文件末尾新增行“line”。
B匹配到“insertbefore”文本(匹配多个最后一个有效),直接在“insertbefore”文本前面新增行“line”。
C匹配到“insertafter”文本(匹配多个最后一个有效),直接在“insertafter”文本后面新增行“line”。
- name: Lineinfile-iptables lineinfile: dest: /etc/sysconfig/iptables regexp: "ruler:other start" line: "{{item.line}}" insertbefore: "ruler:other end" # insertafter: "ruler:other start" backrefs: yes with_items: - { line: '-A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports {{TOMCAT_PORT}} -j ACCEPT'}
示例
--- - hosts: test tasks: - name: 修改ssh配置 lineinfile: dest: /etc/ssh/sshd_config #要修改的配置文件 regexp: "{{ item.regexp }}" #要修改的行 line: "{{ item.line }}" #修改后的行 state: present with_items: - { regexp: "^PasswordAuthentication" , line: "PasswordAuthentication no"} - { regexp: "^#PermitRootLogin", line: "PermitRootLogin no"} notify: restart ssh handlers: - name: restart ssh service: name=sshd.service state=restarted
setup模块主要用来显示主机的系统信息(cpu,ip,dns等等),以key:values的形式列出,最主要的功能就是这些信息能够被playbook的yml文件所引用,
如:查看本机的主要ip:playbook里能够写成{{ ansible_ens32.ipv4.address }} (ansible_ens32为key,ipv4 为key的values值里的一个key,address为ipv4这个key的值里的key)获取到的值为ip:10.10.10.11
若是想在命令行过滤: ansible 主机组 -m setup -a "filter=ansible_ens32"
10.10.10.11 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [ "172.17.0.1", "10.10.10.11", "172.18.0.1", "192.168.122.1" ], "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [ "fe80::250:56ff:fe93:e5c6" ], "ansible_apparmor": { "status": "disabled" }, "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_bios_date": "06/22/2012", "ansible_bios_version": "6.00", "ansible_br_715339010b9c": { "active": false, "device": "br-715339010b9c", "features": { "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "highdma": "on", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "off [fixed]", "netns_local": "on [fixed]", "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", "rx_all": "off [fixed]", "rx_checksumming": "off [fixed]", "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on", "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "on", "tx_gre_segmentation": "on", "tx_gso_robust": "on", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "on", "tx_lockless": "on [fixed]", "tx_mpls_segmentation": "on", "tx_nocache_copy": "off", "tx_scatter_gather": "on", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on", "tx_sctp_segmentation": "on", "tx_sit_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "on", "tx_vlan_offload": "on", "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", "udp_fragmentation_offload": "on", "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]" }, "id": "8000.0242218ae431", "interfaces": [], "ipv4": { "address": "172.18.0.1", "broadcast": "global", "netmask": "255.255.0.0", "network": "172.18.0.0" }, "macaddress": "02:42:21:8a:e4:31", "mtu": 1500, "promisc": false, "stp": false, "type": "bridge" }, "ansible_cmdline": { "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64", "LANG": "en_US.UTF-8", "crashkernel": "auto", "quiet": true, "rd.lvm.lv": "centos/swap", "rhgb": true, "ro": true, "root": "/dev/mapper/centos-root" }, "ansible_date_time": { "date": "2018-01-18", "day": "18", "epoch": "1516240309", "hour": "09", "iso8601": "2018-01-18T01:51:49Z", "iso8601_basic": "20180118T095149945019", "iso8601_basic_short": "20180118T095149", "iso8601_micro": "2018-01-18T01:51:49.945264Z", "minute": "51", "month": "01", "second": "49", "time": "09:51:49", "tz": "CST", "tz_offset": "+0800", "weekday": "Thursday", "weekday_number": "4", "weeknumber": "03", "year": "2018" }, "ansible_default_ipv4": { "address": "10.10.10.11", "alias": "ens32", "broadcast": "10.10.10.255", "gateway": "10.10.10.1", "interface": "ens32", "macaddress": "00:50:56:93:e5:c6", "mtu": 1500, "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "network": "10.10.10.0", "type": "ether" }, "ansible_default_ipv6": {}, "ansible_devices": { "fd0": { "holders": [], "host": "", "model": null, "partitions": {}, "removable": "1", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "8", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "4.00 KB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": null }, "sda": { "holders": [], "host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)", "model": "Virtual disk", "partitions": { "sda1": { "holders": [], "sectors": "1024000", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "500.00 MB", "start": "2048", "uuid": "d8dc2423-3de9-44d6-a983-ec66e55581bf" }, "sda2": { "holders": [ "centos-root", "centos-swap", "centos-home" ], "sectors": "418404352", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "199.51 GB", "start": "1026048", "uuid": null } }, "removable": "0", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "419430400", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "200.00 GB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "VMware" }, "sr0": { "holders": [], "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)", "model": "VMware IDE CDR10", "partitions": {}, "removable": "1", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "cfq", "sectors": "2097151", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "1024.00 MB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "NECVMWar" } }, "ansible_distribution": "CentOS", "ansible_distribution_major_version": "7", "ansible_distribution_release": "Core", "ansible_distribution_version": "7.3.1611", "ansible_dns": { "nameservers": [ "219.141.136.10" ] }, "ansible_docker0": { "active": false, "device": "docker0", "features": { "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "highdma": "on", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "off [fixed]", "netns_local": "on [fixed]", "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", "rx_all": "off [fixed]", "rx_checksumming": "off [fixed]", "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on", "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "on", "tx_gre_segmentation": "on", "tx_gso_robust": "on", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "on", "tx_lockless": "on [fixed]", "tx_mpls_segmentation": "on", "tx_nocache_copy": "off", "tx_scatter_gather": "on", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on", "tx_sctp_segmentation": "on", "tx_sit_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "on", "tx_vlan_offload": "on", "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", "udp_fragmentation_offload": "on", "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]" }, "id": "8000.024263e72f42", "interfaces": [], "ipv4": { "address": "172.17.0.1", "broadcast": "global", "netmask": "255.255.0.0", "network": "172.17.0.0" }, "macaddress": "02:42:63:e7:2f:42", "mtu": 1500, "promisc": false, "stp": false, "type": "bridge" }, "ansible_domain": "", "ansible_effective_group_id": 0, "ansible_effective_user_id": 0, "ansible_ens32": { "active": true, "device": "ens32", "features": { "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "highdma": "off [fixed]", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "off [fixed]", "netns_local": "off [fixed]", "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", "rx_all": "off", "rx_checksumming": "off", "rx_fcs": "off", "rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]", "rx_vlan_offload": "on", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on", "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_lockless": "off [fixed]", "tx_mpls_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_nocache_copy": "off", "tx_scatter_gather": "on", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]", "tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]", 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