Spring中ApplicationContextAware使用说明

Spring 中提供一些Aware相关接口,像是BeanFactoryAware、 ApplicationContextAware、ResourceLoaderAware、ServletContextAware等等,实做这些 Aware接口的Bean在被初始以后,能够取得一些相对应的资源,例如实做BeanFactoryAware的Bean在初始后,Spring容器将会 注入BeanFactory的实例,而实做ApplicationContextAware的Bean,在Bean被初始后,将会被注入 ApplicationContext的实例等等。  Bean取得BeanFactory、ApplicationContextAware的实 例目的是什么,通常的目的就是要取得一些档案资源的存取、相 关讯息资源或是那些被注入的实例所提供的机制,例如ApplicationContextAware提供了publishEvent()方法,能够支持基 于Observer模式的事件传播机制。  ApplicationContextAware接口的定义以下:java

ApplicationContextAware.java

public interface ApplicationContextAware {
    void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context);
}

 咱们这边示范如何透过实做ApplicationContextAware注入ApplicationContext来实现事件传播,首先咱们的HelloBean以下:spring

HelloBean.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;
public class HelloBean implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    private String helloWord = "Hello!World!";
   
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) {
        this.applicationContext = context;
    }
   
    public void setHelloWord(String helloWord) {
        this.helloWord = helloWord;
    }
   
    public String getHelloWord() {
        applicationContext.publishEvent(
               new PropertyGettedEvent("[" + helloWord + "] is getted"));
        return helloWord;
    }
}

ApplicationContext会由Spring容器注入,publishEvent()方法须要一个继承ApplicationEvent的对象,咱们的PropertyGettedEvent继承了ApplicationEvent,以下:app

PropertyGettedEvent.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;

public class PropertyGettedEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
    public PropertyGettedEvent(Object source) {
        super(source);
    }
}

 当ApplicationContext执行publishEvent()后,会自动寻找实做ApplicationListener接口的对象并通知其发生对应事件,咱们实做了PropertyGettedListener以下:框架

PrppertyGettedListener.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;
 
public class PropertyGettedListener implements ApplicationListener {
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
        System.out.println(event.getSource().toString());   
    }
}

 Listener必须被实例化,这咱们能够在Bean定义档中加以定义:测试

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
    <bean id="propertyGetterListener" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.PropertyGettedListener"/>
 
    <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean">
        <property name="helloWord"><value>Hello!Justin!</value></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

 咱们写一个测试程序来测测事件传播的运行:this

Test.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;
import org.springframework.context.support.*;
 
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
       
        HelloBean hello = (HelloBean) context.getBean("helloBean");
        System.out.println(hello.getHelloWord());
    }
}

 执行结果会以下所示:code

log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger 
(org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext: 
displayName=[org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
hashCode=33219526]; startup date=[Fri Oct 29 10:56:35 CST 2004]; 
root of ApplicationContext hierarchy
[Hello!Justin!] is getted
Hello!Justin!

 以上是以实做事件传播来看看实做Aware接口取得对应对象后,能够进行的动做,一样的,您也能够实做ResourceLoaderAware接口:server

ResourceLoaderAware.java

public interface ResourceLoaderAware {
    void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader loader);
}

 实做ResourceLoader的Bean就能够取得ResourceLoader的实例,如此就能够使用它的getResource()方法,这对于必须存取档案资源的Bean至关有用。  基本上,Spring虽然提供了这些Aware相关接口,然而Bean上若实现了这些界面,就算是与Spring发生了依赖,从另外一个角度来看,虽然您能够直接在Bean上实现这些接口,但您也能够透过setter来完成依赖注入,例如:xml

HelloBean.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;
 
public class HelloBean {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    private String helloWord = "Hello!World!";
   
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) {
        this.applicationContext = context;
    }
   
    public void setHelloWord(String helloWord) {
        this.helloWord = helloWord;
    }
   
    public String getHelloWord() {
        applicationContext.publishEvent(new PropertyGettedEvent("[" + helloWord + "] is getted"));
        return helloWord;
    }
}

 注意此次咱们并无实做ApplicationContextAware,咱们在程序中能够自行注入ApplicationContext实例:对象

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
       
HelloBean hello = (HelloBean) context.getBean("helloBean");
hello.setApplicationContext(context);
System.out.println(hello.getHelloWord());

 就Bean而言,下降了对Spring的依赖,能够比较容易从现有的框架中脱离。

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