因为笔者并没有深厚的数学功底也无深厚的金融知识, 因此不会在本文中引用各类高深的投资模型或数学模型,参考书籍主要是《海龟交易法则》《以交易为生》。html
在交易以前,咱们应该首先有一个交易系统用于指导咱们本身交易,不必定有什么规范,可是能够做为一个交易的依据,至于这个依据可不可行,科不科学那就见仁见智了。python
固然了,这里的交易系统不必定是程序,只是指你本身的交易原则或者遵照的一些技巧或者方法,你能够手动执行也能够借助编程语言,编程语言不就是一套用来使用的工具么.git
这里参考海龟交易法则里面的交易体系(这里只是参考大方向).
创建一个完善的交易体系,咱们至少应该思考一下六个方面。github
分析: 这个交易策略其实只有在行情以波浪形状向上的行情时候才能获利,若是是盘整的状况下,怕是会亏的很惨。这里之因此写的这么简单粗暴是为了后面策略测试撸代码简单。编程
由于这里说的是用python炒股,因此应该采用程序的方式去获取数据,若是人工炒股,下载任何股票行情软件都是能够的,可是人工的执行是须要花费比较多的精力的。api
而python语言中用于获取股票行情数据的库,最有名莫过于tushare了。微信
这里以上证乐视的股票为例吧。框架
安装Anaconda(python2版本)
下载地址:https://www.anaconda.com/download/
注:若是没安装过这个环境的经验,就百度或者谷歌一下吧,若是不是安装anaconda则须要艰难的自行解决依赖。编程语言
pip install tushare
参考: http://tushare.org/ide
import pandas as pd import tushare as ts # 经过股票代码获取股票数据,这里没有指定开始及结束日期 df = ts.get_k_data("300104") # 查看前十条数据 df.head() # 查看后十条数据 df.tail() # 将数据的index转换成date字段对应的日期 df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.date) # 将多余的date字段删除 df.drop("date", inplace=True, axis=1)
注:关于股票数据的相关处理须要由pandas,matplotlib的知识,参考:http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/version/0.20/10min.html
# 计算5,15,50日的移动平均线, MA5, MA15, MA50 days = [5, 15, 50] for ma in days: column_name = "MA{}".format(ma) df[column_name] = pd.rolling_mean(df.close, ma) # 计算浮动比例 df["pchange"] = df.close.pct_change() # 计算浮动点数 df["change"] = df.close.diff()
最终处理完成后的结果以下:
df.head() Out[13]: open close high low volume code MA5 MA15 MA50 \ date 2013-11-29 9.396 9.741 9.870 9.389 146587.0 300104 NaN NaN NaN 2013-12-02 9.298 8.768 9.344 8.768 177127.0 300104 NaN NaN NaN 2013-12-03 8.142 8.414 8.546 7.890 176305.0 300104 NaN NaN NaN 2013-12-04 8.391 8.072 8.607 8.053 120115.0 300104 NaN NaN NaN 2013-12-05 7.983 7.366 8.108 7.280 253764.0 300104 8.4722 NaN NaN pchange change date 2013-11-29 NaN NaN 2013-12-02 -0.099887 -0.973 2013-12-03 -0.040374 -0.354 2013-12-04 -0.040647 -0.342
所谓一图胜前言,将数据可视化能够很是直观的感觉到股票的走势。
我的以为,若是用程序炒股仍是应该一切都量化的,不该该有过多的主观观点,若是过于依赖直觉或者当时心情,那么实在不必用程序分析了。
df[["close", "MA5", "MA15", "MA50"]].plot(figsiz=(10,18))
效果以下:
import matplotplib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.daet import DateFormatter from matplotlib.finance import date2num, candlestick_ohlc def candlePlot(data, title=""): data["date"] = [date2num(pd.to_datetime(x)) for x in data.index] dataList = [tuple(x) for x in data[ ["date", "open", "high", "low", "close"]].values] ax = plt.subplot() ax.set_title(title) ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(DateFormatter("%y-%m-%d")) candlestick_ohlc(ax, dataList, width=0.7, colorup="r", colordown="g") plt.setp(plt.gca().get_xticklabels(), rotation=50, horizontalalignment="center") fig = plt.gcf() fig.set_size_inches(20, 15) plt.grid(True) candlePlot(df)
效果以下:
注: 这里只是一个示例,说明matplotlib的强大以及小小的演示,若是遇到什么奇怪的问题就查api或者google吧。
这里用最近买过的一只股票吧,京东方A(000725)。
# 导入相关模块 import tushare as ts import pandas as pd # 获取数据 df = ts.get_k_data("000725") # 处理数据 df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.date) df.drop("date", axis=1, inplace=True) # 计算浮动比例 df["pchange"] = df.close.pct_change() # 计算浮动点数 df["change"] = df.close.diff() # 查看当前数据数据前五行 open close high low volume code pchange change date 2015-07-20 4.264 4.234 4.342 4.165 13036186.0 000725 NaN NaN 2015-07-21 4.136 4.195 4.274 4.096 8776773.0 000725 -0.009211 -0.039 2015-07-22 4.175 4.146 4.214 4.067 9083703.0 000725 -0.011681 -0.049 2015-07-23 4.136 4.254 4.283 4.096 12792734.0 000725 0.026049 0.108 2015-07-24 4.224 4.136 4.254 4.106 13009620.0 000725 -0.027739 -0.118 # 设定回撤值 withdraw = 0.03 # 设定突破值 breakthrough = 0.03 # 设定帐户资金 account = 10000 # 持有仓位手数 position = 0 def buy(bar): global account, position print("{}: buy {}".format(bar.date, bar.close)) # 一手价格 one = bar.close * 100 position = account // one account = account - (position * one) def sell(bar): global account, position # 一手价格 print("{}: sell {}".format(bar.date, bar.close)) one = bar.close * 100 account += position * one position = 0 print("开始时间投资时间: ", df.iloc[0].date) for date in df.index: bar = df.loc[date] if bar.pchange and bar.pchange > breakthrough and position == 0: buy(bar) elif bar.pchange and bar.pchange < withdraw and position > 0: sell(bar) print("最终可有现金: ", account) print("最终持有市值: ", position * df.iloc[-1].close * 100)
输出以下:
开始时间投资时间: 2015-07-20 2015-07-29: buy 3.83 2015-07-30: sell 3.653 2015-08-04: buy 3.752 ...... 2018-02-27: sell 5.71 2018-03-06: buy 5.79 最终可有现金: 333.3 最终持有市值: 7527.0
结论: 经过上面的测试发现资亏了两千多...
借助测试框架才是正确的回撤姿式,由于框架包含了更多的功能。这里使用pyalgotrade。
from pyalgotrade import strategy from pyalgotrade import technical from pyalgotrade.barfeed import yahoofeed # 自定义事件窗口类 class DiffEventWindow(technical.EventWindow): def __init__(self, period): assert(period > 0) super(DiffEventWindow, self).__init__(period) self.__value = None def onNewValue(self, dateTime, value): super(DiffEventWindow, self).onNewValue(dateTime, value) if self.windowFull(): lastValue = self.getValues()[0] nowValue = self.getValues()[1] self.__value = (nowValue - lastValue) / lastValue def getValue(self): return self.__value # 自定义指标 class Diff(technical.EventBasedFilter): def __init__(self, dataSeries, period, maxLen=None): super(Diff, self).__init__(dataSeries, DiffEventWindow(period), maxLen) # 定义本身的策略 class MyStrategy(strategy.BacktestingStrategy): def __init__(self, feed, instrument, diffPeriod=2): # 传入feed及初始帐户资金 super(MyStrategy, self).__init__(feed, 10000) self.__instrument = instrument self.__position = None self.setUseAdjustedValues(True) self.__prices = feed[instrument].getPriceDataSeries() self.__diff = Diff(self.__prices, diffPeriod) self.__break = 0.03 self.__withdown = -0.03 def getDiff(self): return self.__diff def onEnterCanceled(self, position): self.__position = None def onEnterOk(self, position): execInfo = position.getEntryOrder().getExecutionInfo() self.info("BUY at $%.2f" % (execInfo.getPrice())) def onExitOk(self, position): execInfo = position.getExitOrder().getExecutionInfo() self.info("SELL at $%.2f" % (execInfo.getPrice())) self.__position = None def onExitCanceled(self, position): # If the exit was canceled, re-submit it. self.__position.exitMarket() def onBars(self, bars): account = self.getBroker().getCash() bar = bars[self.__instrument] if self.__position is None: one = bar.getPrice() * 100 oneUnit = account // one if oneUnit > 0 and self.__diff[-1] > self.__break: self.__position = self.enterLong(self.__instrument, oneUnit * 100, True) elif self.__diff[-1] < self.__withdown and not self.__position.exitActive(): self.__position.exitMarket() def runStrategy(): # 下载数据 jdf = ts.get_k_data("000725") # 新建Adj Close字段 jdf["Adj Close"] =jdf.close # 将tushare下的数据的字段保存为pyalgotrade所要求的数据格式 jdf.columns = ["Date", "Open", "Close", "High", "Low", "Volume", "code", "Adj Close"] # 将数据保存成本地csv文件 jdf.to_csv("jdf.csv", index=False) feed = yahoofeed.Feed() feed.addBarsFromCSV("jdf", "jdf.csv") myStrategy = MyStrategy(feed, "jdf") myStrategy.run() print("Final portfolio value: $%.2f" % myStrategy.getResult()) runStrategy()
输出以下
2015-07-30 00:00:00 strategy [INFO] BUY at $3.78 2015-07-31 00:00:00 strategy [INFO] SELL at $3.57 2015-08-05 00:00:00 strategy [INFO] BUY at $3.73 2015-08-06 00:00:00 strategy [INFO] SELL at $3.56 ... 2018-02-13 00:00:00 strategy [INFO] BUY at $5.45 Final portfolio value: $7877.30
猛地一看会发现,用框架彷佛写了更多的代码,可是框架内置了更多分析工具。
下面简单介绍。
from pyalgotrade import strategy from pyalgotrade import technical from pyalgotrade.barfeed import yahoofeed from pyalgotrade import plotter from pyalgotrade.stratanalyzer import returns class DiffEventWindow(technical.EventWindow): def __init__(self, period): assert(period > 0) super(DiffEventWindow, self).__init__(period) self.__value = None def onNewValue(self, dateTime, value): super(DiffEventWindow, self).onNewValue(dateTime, value) if self.windowFull(): lastValue = self.getValues()[0] nowValue = self.getValues()[1] self.__value = (nowValue - lastValue) / lastValue def getValue(self): return self.__value class Diff(technical.EventBasedFilter): def __init__(self, dataSeries, period, maxLen=None): super(Diff, self).__init__(dataSeries, DiffEventWindow(period), maxLen) class MyStrategy(strategy.BacktestingStrategy): def __init__(self, feed, instrument, diffPeriod=2): super(MyStrategy, self).__init__(feed, 10000) self.__instrument = instrument self.__position = None self.setUseAdjustedValues(True) self.__prices = feed[instrument].getPriceDataSeries() self.__diff = Diff(self.__prices, diffPeriod) self.__break = 0.03 self.__withdown = -0.03 def getDiff(self): return self.__diff def onEnterCanceled(self, position): self.__position = None def onEnterOk(self, position): execInfo = position.getEntryOrder().getExecutionInfo() self.info("BUY at $%.2f" % (execInfo.getPrice())) def onExitOk(self, position): execInfo = position.getExitOrder().getExecutionInfo() self.info("SELL at $%.2f" % (execInfo.getPrice())) self.__position = None def onExitCanceled(self, position): # If the exit was canceled, re-submit it. self.__position.exitMarket() def onBars(self, bars): account = self.getBroker().getCash() bar = bars[self.__instrument] if self.__position is None: one = bar.getPrice() * 100 oneUnit = account // one if oneUnit > 0 and self.__diff[-1] > self.__break: self.__position = self.enterLong(self.__instrument, oneUnit * 100, True) elif self.__diff[-1] < self.__withdown and not self.__position.exitActive(): self.__position.exitMarket() def runStrategy(): # 下载数据 jdf = ts.get_k_data("000725") # 新建Adj Close字段 jdf["Adj Close"] =jdf.close # 将tushare下的数据的字段保存为pyalgotrade所要求的数据格式 jdf.columns = ["Date", "Open", "Close", "High", "Low", "Volume", "code", "Adj Close"] # 将数据保存成本地csv文件 jdf.to_csv("jdf.csv", index=False) feed = yahoofeed.Feed() feed.addBarsFromCSV("jdf", "jdf.csv") myStrategy = MyStrategy(feed, "jdf") returnsAnalyzer = returns.Returns() myStrategy.attachAnalyzer(returnsAnalyzer) plt = plotter.StrategyPlotter(myStrategy) plt.getInstrumentSubplot("jdf") plt.getOrCreateSubplot("returns").addDataSeries("Simple returns", returnsAnalyzer.getReturns()) myStrategy.run() print("Final portfolio value: $%.2f" % myStrategy.getResult()) plt.plot() runStrategy()
图片输出以下
注: 这里的策略测试股票选择以及时间选择并不严谨,仅做功能展现,测试结果可能有很大的巧合性。Pyalgotrade详细介绍皆使用参考:http://gbeced.github.io/pyalgotrade/docs/v0.18/html/index.html
上述源代码:https://github.com/youerning/blog/blob/master/python-trade/demo.py
根据这个需求写了一个股价监控的半成品,经过邮箱监控。
项目参考: https://github.com/youerning/UserPyScript/tree/master/monitor
技巧:在微信的辅助功能里面启用QQ邮箱提醒的功能,那么股价变更的通知就会很及时了,由于微信几乎等同于短信了。
这里简单说一下各个配置项及使用方法。
default段落
breakthrough表明突破的比例,须要传入两个值,项目里面的突破比例依次是3%,5%.
withdraw表明回撤,也须要两个值,示例为3%,5%.
attention表明关注的股票列表,填入关注的股票代码,用空格隔开
注:这里暂时没有考虑关注股票的状况,因此不少的关注股票也许有性能上的问题。
mail段落
依次输入用户名及密码以及收件人的邮箱
position段落
当前持仓的股票以及其持仓成本。
如持有京东方A(000725)以5.76的股价。
000725 = 5.76
若是多个持仓就多个如上的相应的键值对。
使用方法参考该脚本的readme
https://github.com/youerning/UserPyScript/blob/master/monitor/README.md
==PS:很难过的是英文水平很差还用由于注释,以及用英文词汇作变量名,若是词不达意请见谅。==
这一部分本人暂时没有让程序自动执行,由于暂时尚未打磨出来一套适合本身并相信的体系,因此依靠股价监控的通知,根据不断修正的体系在手动执行交易。
因为入市不到一年,因此就不用问我走势或者收益了, 当前战绩是5局3胜,微薄盈利。
最后如下图结束.
关注一下再走呗^_^