Spring Boot秉承“约定大于配置”的开发方式,使得咱们基于Spring Boot开发项目的效率变得十分高。相信使用过Spring Boot的小伙伴都会发现,当咱们要用到某个Spring提供的组件时,只须要在
pom.xml
文件中添加该组件的starter依赖就能集成到项目中。html例如,在
pom.xml
文件中添加spring-boot-starter-web
依赖,就能让项目整合Spring MVC的功能。而且在最简使用下几乎不须要进行任何的配置,而以往想要集成Spring MVC,不只要添加一堆相似于spring-web
、spring-webmvc
等相关依赖包,以及完成许多繁杂的配置才可以实现集成。java这是由于starter里已经帮咱们整合了各类依赖包,避免了依赖包缺失或依赖包之间出现版本冲突等问题。以及完成了许多基础配置和自动装配,让咱们能够在最简使用下,跳过绝大部分的配置,从而达到开箱即用的效果。这也是Spring Boot实现“约定大于配置”的核心之一。web
经过以上的描述,咱们能够简单地将starter看做是对一个组件功能粒度较大的模块化封装,包括了所需依赖包的整合及基础配置和自动装配等。redis
这里说下
artifactId
的命名问题,Spring 官方 Starter一般命名为spring-boot-starter-{name}
如spring-boot-starter-web
, Spring官方建议非官方Starter命名应遵循{name}-spring-boot-starter
的格式。spring
除了Spring官方提供的starter外,咱们本身也能够根据业务开发一个starter。例如,当项目积累到必定程度时,咱们能够将一些通用功能下沉为一个starter。而开发一个starter也很简单,只须要如下步骤:apache
@ConfigurationProperties
指明配置项前缀;@Configuration
和@Bean
来进行自动装配;spring.factories
文件,用于指定自动装配类的路径;接下来,以封装一个用于操做redis的starter为例,一步步展现这些步骤的具体实现过程。首先是第一步,新建一个maven项目,完整的pom.xml内容以下:bash
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>redis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>spring-boot-starter-demo</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId> <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!-- jedis --> <dependency> <groupId>redis.clients</groupId> <artifactId>jedis</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <!-- gson --> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> <version>2.8.6</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
第二步,新建一个属性配置类,写好配置项和默认值。并使用@ConfigurationProperties
指明配置项前缀,用于加载配置文件对应的前缀配置项:mvc
package com.example.starter.demo.properties; import lombok.Data; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; /** * 属性配置类,用于加载配置文件对应的前缀配置项 **/ @Data @ConfigurationProperties("demo.redis") public class RedisProperties { private String host = "127.0.0.1"; private int port = 6379; private int timeout = 2000; private int maxIdle = 5; private int maxTotal = 10; private long maxWaitMillis = 10000; private String password; }
编写一个简单的redis操做工具,代码以下:app
package com.example.starter.demo.component; import com.google.gson.Gson; import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool; /** * redis 操做组件 **/ @Slf4j @RequiredArgsConstructor public class RedisComponent { private final JedisPool jedisPool; /** * get value with key */ public <T> T get(String key, Class<T> clazz) { try (Jedis resource = jedisPool.getResource()) { String str = resource.get(key); return stringToBean(str, clazz); } } /** * set value with key */ public <T> boolean set(String key, T value, int expireSeconds) { try (Jedis resource = jedisPool.getResource()) { String valueStr = beanToString(value); if (valueStr == null || valueStr.length() == 0) { return false; } if (expireSeconds <= 0) { resource.set(key, valueStr); } else { resource.setex(key, expireSeconds, valueStr); } return true; } } private <T> T stringToBean(String str, Class<T> clazz) { Gson gson = new Gson(); return gson.fromJson(str, clazz); } private <T> String beanToString(T value) { Gson gson = new Gson(); return gson.toJson(value); } }
第三步,新建自动装配类,使用@Configuration
和@Bean
来实现对JedisPool
和RedisComponent
的自动装配;maven
package com.example.starter.demo.configuration; import com.example.starter.demo.component.RedisComponent; import com.example.starter.demo.properties.RedisProperties; import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig; /** * 自动装配类 **/ @Slf4j @Configuration @RequiredArgsConstructor @EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class) public class RedisConfiguration { private final RedisProperties properties; @Bean // 表示当Spring容器中没有JedisPool类的对象时,才调用该方法 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(JedisPool.class) public JedisPool jedisPool() { log.info("redis connect string: {}:{}", properties.getHost(), properties.getPort()); JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig(); jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(properties.getMaxIdle()); jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(properties.getMaxTotal()); jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(properties.getMaxWaitMillis()); String password = properties.getPassword(); if (password == null || password.length() == 0) { return new JedisPool(jedisPoolConfig, properties.getHost(), properties.getPort(), properties.getTimeout()); } return new JedisPool(jedisPoolConfig, properties.getHost(), properties.getPort(), properties.getTimeout(), properties.getPassword()); } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(RedisComponent.class) public RedisComponent redisComponent(JedisPool jedisPool){ return new RedisComponent(jedisPool); } }
第四步,在项目的resources
目录下新建一个META-INF
目录,并在该目录下新建spring.factories
文件。以下图所示:
在spring.factories
文件里指定自动装配类的路径:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ com.example.starter.demo.configuration.RedisConfiguration
若须要指定多个自动装配类的路径,则使用逗号分隔。以下示例:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ com.example.starter.demo.configuration.DemoConfiguration,\ com.example.starter.demo.configuration.RedisConfiguration
Tips:spring.factories
支持配置的key以下:
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProvider org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener org.springframework.boot.SpringBootExceptionReporter org.springframework.beans.BeanInfoFactory org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader org.springframework.data.web.config.SpringDataJacksonModules org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport
最后install这个maven项目,命令以下:
mvn clean install
若是使用的开发工具是IDEA的话就比较简单,只须要双击一下install便可:
在任意一个Spring Boot项目的pom.xml
文件中添加以下依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>redis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency>
在项目的application.yml
中添加以下配置项来覆盖默认配置,若默认配置已符合需求则能够省略这一步:
demo: redis: host: 172.168.1.198 port: 6379 timeout: 3000 password: max-total: 10 max-wait-millis: 10000 max-idle: 10
编写一个单元测试类进行测试,代码以下:
package com.example.firstproject.starter; import com.example.starter.demo.component.RedisComponent; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; @Slf4j @SpringBootTest @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) public class StarterTests { @Autowired private RedisComponent redisComponent; @Test public void redisTest() { String key = "redisTest"; String value = "success!!!!!"; boolean success = redisComponent.set(key, value, 3600); log.info("set value to redis {}!", success ? "success" : "failed"); String result = redisComponent.get(key, String.class); log.info("get value from redis: [{}]", result); } }