CCNA实验总结（一）——静态路由

实验原理图

实验要求：

1，R1-R4每台设备存在两个环回接口;

2，除R5环回的IP地址已经固定外;其他全部网段均基于192.168.1.0/24规划

3，在R1 - R4上不得直接配置到达5.5.5.0/24的路由条目;

4，减小路由条目的数量，避免环路，且全网可达

5，R 4 - R5间正常基于百米，故障时基于10米链路

如图6所示，基于静态的路由控制策略

实验配置：

       R1路由器：

interface Loopback0
 ip address 192.168.1.33 255.255.255.240

interface Loopback1
 ip address 192.168.1.49 255.255.255.240

interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252

interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.252

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.6 
ip route 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2 
ip route 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2 
ip route 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2 
ip route 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6
ip route 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 Null0

    R2路由器：

interface Loopback0
 ip address 192.168.1.65 255.255.255.240

interface Loopback1
 ip address 192.168.1.81 255.255.255.240

interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252

interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 192.168.1.9 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto

ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.10 
ip route 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1 
ip route 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1 
ip route 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1 
ip route 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10 
ip route 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 Null0

    R3路由器：

interface Loopback0
 ip address 192.168.1.97 255.255.255.240

interface Loopback1
 ip address 192.168.1.113 255.255.255.240

interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.6 255.255.255.252

interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 192.168.1.13 255.255.255.252

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.14 
ip route 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5 
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5 
ip route 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14 
ip route 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 Null0

    R4路由器：

interface Loopback0
 ip address 192.168.1.129 255.255.255.240

interface Loopback1
 ip address 192.168.1.145 255.255.255.240

interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.252

interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 192.168.1.14 255.255.255.252

interface FastEthernet1/0
 ip address 192.168.1.17 255.255.255.252

interface FastEthernet1/1
 ip address 192.168.1.21 255.255.255.252

ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.18 
ip route 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9 
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.9 
ip route 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13 
ip route 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.13 
ip route 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13 
ip route 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 Null0 
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.22 2

    R5路由器：

interface Loopback0
 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.0

interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.18 255.255.255.252

interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 192.168.1.22 255.255.255.252

ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17 
ip route 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17 
ip route 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17 
ip route 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17 
ip route 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17 
ip route 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17 
ip route 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17 
ip route 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17 
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 2
ip route 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 2
ip route 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 2
ip route 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 2
ip route 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 2
ip route 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 2
ip route 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 2
ip route 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 2

实验结果检查：

正常状况下：
r5#traceroute 192.168.1.33
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.1.33

  1   192.168.1.17    1 msec    0 msec    0 msec    
  2   192.168.1.9     1 msec    0 msec    0 msec    
  3   192.168.1.5     0 msec    0 msec    0 msec 
当主路由宕掉的时候：
r5#traceroute 192.168.1.33
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.1.33

  1   192.168.1.21    1 msec    0 msec    0 msec    
  2   192.168.1.13    0 msec    0 msec    0 msec    
  3   192.168.1.1     0 msec    1 msec    0 msec

实验总结：

静态路由须要仔细规划IP地址，避免手写静态路由过多，致使路由策略配置出错。

静态路由作备份的时候，能够在路由后面加上度量值，该值范围是1〜255。