requests爬虫

• 基本Get请求：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests url = 'http://www.baidu.com' r = requests.get(url) print r.text 

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• 带参数Get请求：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests url = 'http://www.baidu.com' payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} r = requests.get(url, params=payload) print r.text 

• POST请求模拟登录及一些返回对象的方法：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登录地址 url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#须要登录才能访问的地址 data={"user":"user","password":"pass"} headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8", "Referer":"http://www.example.com/", "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36" } res1 = requests.post(url1, data=data, headers=headers) res2 = requests.get(url2, cookies=res1.cookies, headers=headers) print res2.content#得到二进制响应内容 print res2.raw#得到原始响应内容,须要stream=True print res2.raw.read(50) print type(res2.text)#返回解码成unicode的内容 print res2.url print res2.history#追踪重定向 print res2.cookies print res2.cookies['example_cookie_name'] print res2.headers print res2.headers['Content-Type'] print res2.headers.get('content-type') print res2.json#讲返回内容编码为json print res2.encoding#返回内容编码 print res2.status_code#返回http状态码 print res2.raise_for_status()#返回错误状态码 

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• 使用Session()对象的写法（Prepared Requests）:

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests s = requests.Session() url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登录地址 url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#须要登录才能访问的地址 data={"user":"user","password":"pass"} headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8", "Referer":"http://www.example.com/", "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36" } prepped1 = requests.Request('POST', url1, data=data, headers=headers ).prepare() s.send(prepped1) ''' 也能够这样写 res = requests.Request('POST', url1, data=data, headers=headers ) prepared = s.prepare_request(res) # do something with prepped.body # do something with prepped.headers s.send(prepared) ''' prepare2 = requests.Request('POST', url2, headers=headers ).prepare() res2 = s.send(prepare2) print res2.content 

• 另外一种写法 :

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests s = requests.Session() url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登录地址 url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#须要登录才能访问的页面地址 data={"user":"user","password":"pass"} headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8", "Referer":"http://www.example.com/", "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36" } res1 = s.post(url1, data=data) res2 = s.post(url2) print(resp2.content) 

SessionApi

• 其余的一些请求方式

>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put") >>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete") >>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get") >>> r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get") 

遇到的问题:

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在cmd下执行，遇到个小错误:

UnicodeEncodeError:'gbk' codec can't encode character u'\xbb' in position 23460: illegal multibyte sequence 

分析:
一、Unicode是编码仍是解码

UnicodeEncodeError

很明显是在编码的时候出现了错误

二、用了什么编码

'gbk' codec can't encode character 

使用GBK编码出错

解决办法：

肯定当前字符串，好比

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests url = 'http://www.baidu.com' r = requests.get(url) print r.encoding >utf-8 

已经肯定html的字符串是utf-8的，则能够直接去经过utf-8去编码。

print r.text.encode('utf-8') 

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参考连接：官方文档

连接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/e1f8b690b951