使用 typesafe-actions 建立类型安全的 redux

typesafe-actions 是什么

typesafe-actions 是一款专门为 ts 设计的库,可以帮助开发者减小 redux 样板代码,并自动为开发者建立好类型。javascript

大佬直接异步 官方仓库java

这个仓库是 React 和 Redux 生态的一部分,so,若是想换个方式写 action、reducer 和 type,能够继续看下去。react

如何安装使用

在保证已经安装好 react 和 redux 的状况下,使用如下两种方式安装:ios

// NPM
npm install typesafe-actions

// YARN
yarn add typesafe-actions
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经常使用 API 介绍

action 建立方式一:

import { action, createAction } from 'typesafe-actions';

export const add = (title: string) => action('todos/ADD', { id: cuid(), title, completed: false });
// add: (title: string) => { type: "todos/ADD"; payload: { id: string, title: string, completed: boolean; }; }

export const add = createAction('todos/ADD', action => {
  // Note: "action" callback does not need "type" parameter
  return (title: string) => action({ id: cuid(), title, completed: false });
});
// add: (title: string) => { type: "todos/ADD"; payload: { id: string, title: string, completed: boolean; }; }
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action 建立方式二:

import { createStandardAction } from 'typesafe-actions';

export const toggle = createStandardAction('todos/TOGGLE')<string>();
// toggle: (payload: string) => { type: "todos/TOGGLE"; payload: string; }

export const add = createStandardAction('todos/ADD').map(
  (title: string) => ({
    payload: { id: cuid(), title, completed: false },
  })
);
// add: (payload: string) => { type: "todos/ADD"; payload: { id: string, title: string, completed: boolean; }; }
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值得注意的是,以上经过这两个 api 建立的 action,是符合 Flux 定义的 action,即 { type, paylaod, meta, error }这适用于绝大多数状况。当官方值不能知足的状况下,你也能够采用自定义 action 的方式。git

action 建立方式三(自定义):

import { createCustomAction } from 'typesafe-actions';

const add = createCustomAction('todos/ADD', type => {
  return (title: string) => ({ type, id: cuid(), title, completed: false });
});
// add: (title: string) => { type: "todos/ADD"; id: string; title: string; completed: boolean; }
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在 reducer 中使用 action

在reducer中,咱们有 getType api 来帮助咱们获取 action 的 type:github

// reducer.ts
switch (action.type) {
    case getType(todos.add):
      // below action type is narrowed to: { type: "todos/ADD"; payload: Todo; }
      return [...state, action.payload];
    ...
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除了官方建立 reducer 的方式外, createReducer api 也可帮助建立:npm

// using action-creators
const counterReducer = createReducer(0)
  // state and action type is automatically inferred and return type is validated to be exact type
  .handleAction(add, (state, action) => state + action.payload)
  .handleAction(add, ... // <= error is shown on duplicated or invalid actions
  .handleAction(increment, (state, _) => state + 1)
  .handleAction(... // <= error is shown when all actions are handled

  // or handle multiple actions using array
  .handleAction([add, increment], (state, action) =>
    state + (action.type === 'ADD' ? action.payload : 1)
  );

// all the same scenarios are working when using type-constants
const counterReducer = createReducer(0)
  .handleAction('ADD', (state, action) => state + action.payload)
  .handleAction('INCREMENT', (state, _) => state + 1);

counterReducer(0, add(4)); // => 4
counterReducer(0, increment()); // => 1
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⬆ 对于对代码质量有要求的人来讲,上面这种相对于默认建立方式的满屏 case return 更优雅redux

固然除了优雅,上面这种方式还能得到 ts 的类型加强,而不须要额外多处的引用,咱们只须要api

// types.d.ts
import { StateType, ActionType } from 'typesafe-actions';

declare module 'typesafe-actions' {
  export type Store = StateType<typeof import('./store').default>;

  export type RootState = StateType<typeof import('./store/root-reducer').default>;

  export type RootAction = ActionType<typeof import('./store/root-action').default>;

  interface Types {
    RootAction: RootAction;
  }
}
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全部类型都自动建立完成,便可减小类型定义方面的代码。bash

总结

这个库减小咱们写样板代码和随处可见的类型定义,若是你使用 redux 和 ts,请尝试一下这个库。

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